The risks of risk-based regulation: Insights from the environmental policy domain
Abstract
Risk-based regulation has become increasingly popular in recent years. Proponents argue that it facilitates robust governance, contributing to efficient and effective use of regulatory resources and delivering interventions in proportion to risk. Critics contend that the challenges of operationalising risk-based governance mitigate its potential benefits. In this paper we start by considering what we mean by risk-based governance and discuss some of the factors shaping the adoption of such strategies. We then consider the development and operation of risk-based approaches in the environmental policy domain, focusing specifically on the regulation of contaminated land and radioactive waste. We argue that whilst risk-based approaches can offer important benefits, they face a range of epistemic, institutional and normative challenges that can play an important role in shaping the way that organisations manage both risks to society and their own institutional risks. This has profound implications for achieving regulatory objectives and, for this paper, the environmental outcomes that the regulations are designed to deliver.
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The European Commission has identified imbalances in market power concerning access and use of data as one of the main issues preventing the European Union from realising its potential in the data economy.
“The imbalances in market power concerning the access and use of data have been identified by the European Commission as one of the main issues that prevent the European Union from realising its potential in the data economy.”
From Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Decisions (2023) · cites this paper as [124]
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Artificial Intelligence and Sustainable Decisions
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- Authors
- Rothstein, H., Irving, P., Walden, T., & Yearsley, R.
- Affiliations
- London School of Economics and Political Science (GB)
- Environment Agency (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rothstein, Henry
- ORCID
- Rothstein, Henry
- Venue
- Environment International
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1056-1065
- ISSN
- 0160-4120 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1998944701
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 8.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environment International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- International Atomic Energy Agency
- Economic and Social Research Council (RES-572-28-5001)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Regulation and Compliance Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Risk Perception and Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental and Industrial Safety
- Keywords
- risk-based regulation, risk-based governance, environmental policy, epistemic challenges, institutional risk, normative questions
- MeSH terms
- Environment, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Health, Policy Making, Radiation Protection, Waste Management, Risk Assessment
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