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Associations of long-term exposure to air pollution and road traffic noise with cognitive function—An analysis of effect measure modification
Abstract
Background Adverse effects of traffic-related air pollution (AP) and noise on cognitive functions have been proposed, but little is known about their interactions and the combined effect of co-exposure. Methods Cognitive assessment was completed by 4086 participants of the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall cohort study using five neuropsychological subtests and an additively calculated global cognitive score (GCS). We assessed long-term residential concentrations for size-fractioned particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides with land use regression. Road traffic noise (weighted 24-h (L DEN ) and night-time (L NIGHT ) means) was assessed according to the EU directive 2002/49/EC. Linear regression models adjusted for individual-level characteristics were calculated to estimate effect modification of associations between AP and noise with cognitive function. We used multiplicative interaction terms and categories of single or double high exposure, dichotomizing the potential effect modifier at the median (AP) or at an a priori defined threshold (road traffic noise). Results In fully adjusted models, high noise exposure increased the association of AP with cognitive function. For example, for an interquartile range increase of PM 2.5 (IQR 1.43), association s with GCS were: estimate (β)=-0.16 [95% confidence interval: -0.33; 0.01] and β=-0.48 [-0.72; -0.23] for low and high L DEN , respectively. The association of noise with GCS was restricted to highly AP-exposed participa…
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“However, there was some suggestion that it may be an effect modifier (Tzivian et al. 2017).”
From Exposure to Air Pollution in Relation to Risk of Dementia and Related Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Literature (2021) · cites this paper as Tzivian et al. 2017
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Metadata
- Authors
- Tzivian, L., Jokisch, M., Winkler, A., Weimar, C., Hennig, F., Sugiri, D., Soppa, V. J., Dragano, N., Erbel, R., Jöckel, K.-H., Moebus, S., & Hoffmann, B.
- Venue
- Environment International
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-06
- Volume
- 103
- Pages
- 30-38
- ISSN
- 0160-4120
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 61
- Language
- en
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Funders
- German Ministry of Education and Science
- German Research Council (3314/2-3, 3314/4-3, 155/6-2, 236/10-1)
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