Preventing chronic pain following acute pain: Risk factors, preventive strategies, and their efficacy
Open accessAbstract
Chronic pain is the leading cause of disability in the United States. The transition from acute to persistent pain is thought to arise from maladaptive neuroplastic mechanisms involving three intertwined processes, peripheral sensitization, central sensitization, and descending modulation. Strategies aimed at preventing persistent pain may target such processes. Models for studying preventive strategies include persistent post-surgical pain (PPP), persistent post-trauma pain (PTP) and post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). Such entities allow a more defined acute onset of tissue injury after which study of the long-term effects is more easily examined. In this review, we examine the pathophysiology, epidemiology, risk factors, and treatment strategies for the prevention of chronic pain using these models. Both pharmacological and interventional approaches are described, as well as a discussion of preventive strategies on the horizon.
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The benefits of perioperative use of a subanesthetic dose of ketamine for prevention of various types of CPSP, including phantom limb pain, have been demonstrated in different studies.
“The benefits of the perioperative use of a subanesthetic dose of ketamine for the prevention of various types of CPSP, including phantom limb pain, has been demonstrated in different studies [39].”
From Chronic postsurgical pain: current evidence for prevention and management (2018) · cites this paper as [39]
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Chronic postsurgical pain: current evidence for prevention and management
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- Authors
- McGreevy, K., Bottros, M. M., & Raja, S. N.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Raja, Srinivasa N.
- ORCID
- Raja, Srinivasa N.
- Venue
- European Journal of Pain Supplements
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- S2
- Pages
- 365-376
- ISSN
- 1754-3207 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3217302
- OpenAlex
- W2097740018
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 128
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 8.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- European Journal of Pain Supplements (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS026363)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Anesthesia and Pain Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- chronic pain prevention, acute pain, persistent post-surgical pain, postherpetic neuralgia, peripheral sensitization, central sensitization, descending pain modulation, neuroplasticity, risk factors, pharmacological prophylaxis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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