The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A single psilocybin dose is associated with long-term increased mindfulness, preceded by a proportional change in neocortical 5-HT2A receptor binding
Open accessAbstract
A single dose of the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonist psilocybin can have long-lasting beneficial effects on mood, personality, and potentially on mindfulness, but underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we for the first time conduct a study that assesses psilocybin effects on cerebral 5-HT2AR binding with [11 C]Cimbi-36 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and on personality and mindfulness. Ten healthy and psychedelic-naïve volunteers underwent PET neuroimaging of 5-HT2AR at baseline (BL) and one week (1W) after a single oral dose of psilocybin (0.2-0.3 mg/kg). Personality (NEO PI-R) and mindfulness (MAAS) questionnaires were completed at BL and at three-months follow-up (3M). Paired t-tests revealed statistically significant increases in personality Openness (p uncorrected = 0.04, mean change [95%CI]: 4.2[0.4;∞]), which was hypothesized a priori to increase, and mindfulness (p FWER = 0.02, mean change [95%CI]: 0.5 [0.2;0.7]). Although 5-HT2AR binding at 1W versus BL was similar across individuals (p uncorrected = 0.8, mean change [95%CI]: 0.007 [-0.04;0.06]), a post hoc linear regression analysis showed that change in mindfulness and 5-HT2AR correlated negatively (β [95%CI] = -5.0 [-9.0; -0.9], p FWER= 0.046). In conclusion, we confirm that psilocybin intake is associated with long-term increases in Openness and - as a novel finding - mindfulness, which may be a key element of psilocybin therapy. Cerebral 5-HT2AR binding did not change across individuals but the negative association between changes in 5-HT2AR binding and mindfulness suggests that individual change in 5-HT2AR levels after psilocybin is variable and represents a potential mechanism influencing long-term effects of psilocybin on mindfulness.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, psychedelics have been found to increase trait mindfulness, and the skills of nonjudgement, compassion and non-reactivity [56, 57].”
From Mindfulness meditation and psychedelics: potential synergies and commonalities (2023) · cites this paper as [57]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“whereas increased mindfulness capacities have been found to persist up to 3 months (43).”
From Decreases in State and Trait Anxiety Post-psilocybin: A Naturalistic, Observational Study Among Retreat Attendees (2022) · cites this paper as [43]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A further psychological process which may be of particular salience when discussing therapeutic efficacy for anxiety, and which psychedelics have been repeatedly found to enhance, are mindfulness capacities (10, 22, 23, 42–46).”
From Decreases in State and Trait Anxiety Post-psilocybin: A Naturalistic, Observational Study Among Retreat Attendees (2022) · cites this paper as [43]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“as macrodoses have been associated with increased mindfulness (Madsen et al. 2020;Soler et al. 2016;Uthaug et al. 2019)”
From Psychedelic Microdosing, Mindfulness, and Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Study (2023) · cites this paper as Madsen et al. 2020
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Simple Sequentially Rejective Multiple Test Procedure
(1979) · Scandinavian Journal of Statistics · doi:10.2307/4615733 · Cited by 21,526
(1998) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · Cited by 19,139
The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 · Cited by 13,448
Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006 · Cited by 6,587
Distribution Theory for Glass's Estimator of Effect Size and Related Estimators
Hedges, L. V. (1981) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164588 · Cited by 5,695
Griffiths, R. R., Johnson, M. W., Carducci, M. A., Umbricht, A., Richards, W. A., Richards, B. D., Cosimano, M. P., & Klinedinst, M. A. (2016) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881116675513 · Cited by 2,201
Consensus Nomenclature for in vivo Imaging of Reversibly Binding Radioligands
Innis, R. B., Cunningham, V. J., Delforge, J., Fujita, M., Gjedde, A., Gunn, R. N., Holden, J., Houle, S., Huang, S.-C., Ichise, M., et al. (2007) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600493 · Cited by 1,955
Self-citationRoss, S., Bossis, A., Guss, J., Agin-Liebes, G., Malone, T., Cohen, B., Mennenga, S. E., Belser, A., Kalliontzi, K., Babb, J., et al. (2016) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881116675512 · Cited by 1,698
Griffiths, R. R., Richards, W. A., McCann, U., & Jesse, R. (2006) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0457-5 · Cited by 1,684
Personality in Adulthood: A Five-Factor Theory Perspective
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (2005) · Cited by 1,645
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Andersen, K. A. A., Carhart‐Harris, R., Nutt, D. J., & Erritzoe, D. (2021) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13249 · Cited by 347
Towards an understanding of psychedelic-induced neuroplasticity
Calder, A. E., & Hasler, G. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01389-z · Cited by 313
Long-term effects of psychedelic drugs: A systematic review
Aday, J. S., Mitzkovitz, C. M., Bloesch, E. K., Davoli, C. C., & Davis, A. K. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.017 · Cited by 275
The Therapeutic Potential of Psilocybin
Lowe, H. I. C., Toyang, N. J., Steele, B., Valentine, H., Grant, J., Ali, A., Ngwa, W. F., & Gordon, L. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26102948 · Cited by 285
Madsen, M. K., Stenbæk, D. S., Arvidsson, A., Armand, S., Marstrand-Joergensen, M. R., Johansen, S. S., Línnet, K., Ozenne, B., Knudsen, G. M., & Fisher, P. M. (2021) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.06.001 · Cited by 153
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Madsen, M. K., Fisher, P. M., Stenbæk, D. S., Kristiansen, S., Burmester, D., Lehel, S., Páleníček, T., Kuchař, M., Svarer, C., Ozenne, B., & Knudsen, G. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- National Institute of Mental Health (CZ)
- Corresponding author
- Knudsen, Gitte M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Neuropsychopharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-04
- Volume
- 33
- Pages
- 71-80
- ISSN
- 0924-977X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3009076589
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 9
- FWCI
- 10.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- European Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Innovation Fund Denmark (4108-00004B)
- Independent Research Fund Denmark (6110-00518B)
- Ester M. og Konrad Kristian Sigurdssons Dyreværnsfond (850-22-55166-17-LNG)
- Rigshospitalet's Research Council (R130-A5324)
- Lundbeck Foundation (F-61171-19-27, R231-2016-3236)
- Horizon 2020 (746850)
- MICR (VI20172020056)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
- Keywords
- psilocybin, mindfulness, personality, openness to experience, neocortex, serotonin receptor agonists, psychedelic therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Benzylamines, Female, Hallucinogens, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Personality, Personality Tests, Phenethylamines, Psilocybin, Neocortex, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A, Positron-Emission Tomography, Young Adult, Mindfulness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
