Long-term outcomes in patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone long-acting injection or oral antipsychotics in Spain: Results from the electronic Schizophrenia Treatment Adherence Registry (e-STAR)
Abstract
Background: The electronic Schizophrenia Treatment Adherence Registry (e-STAR) is a prospective, observational study of patients with schizophrenia designed to evaluate long-term treatment outcomes in routine clinical practice. Methods: Parameters were assessed at baseline and at 3 month intervals for 2 years in patients initiated on risperidone long-acting injection (RLAI) (n= 1345) or a new oral antipsychotic (AP) (n= 277; 35.7% and 36.5% on risperidone and olanzapine, respectively) in Spain. Hospitalization prior to therapy was assessed by a retrospective chart review. Results: At 24 months, treatment retention (81.8% for RLAI versus 63.4% for oral APs,p< 0.0001) and reduction in Clinical Global Impression Severity scores (−1.14 for RLAI versus −0.94 for APs,p= 0.0165) were significantly higher with RLAI. Compared to the pre-switch period, RLAI patients had greater reductions in the number (reduction of 0.37 stays per patient versus 0.2,p< 0.05) and days (18.74 versus 13.02,p< 0.01) of hospitalizations at 24 months than oral AP patients. Conclusions: This 2 year, prospective, observational study showed that, compared to oral antipsychotics, RLAI was associated with better treatment retention, greater improvement in clinical symptoms and functioning, and greater reduction in hospital stays and days in hospital in patients with schizophrenia. Improved treatment adherence, increased efficacy and reduced hospitalization with RLAI offer the opportunity of substantial therapeutic improvement in schizophrenia.
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Patients on injectable medication were more likely to be adherent than patients taking drugs orally.
“The patients on injectable medication were more likely to be adherent than the patient taking drugs orally [46].”
From Psychotropic medication non-adherence and its associated factors among patients with major psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [46]
Taking medication twice per day was a negative factor for medication adherence in two studies.
“In another two studies, taking medication twice per day was a negative factor for medication adherence [46, 49].”
From Psychotropic medication non-adherence and its associated factors among patients with major psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [46]
Patients' or caregivers' perceived medication efficacy such as subjective relief of symptoms, patients' feel drugs have no effect on the illness, not helpful, being ineffective, and feeling of cured were side-effect-related factors associated with medication non-adherence.
“Likewise, patients’ or caregivers’ perceived medication efficacy such as subjective relief of symptoms, patients’ feel drugs have no effect on the illness, not helpful, being ineffective [36, 46, 50], and feeling of cured [51] were side-effect-related factors associated with medication non-adherence.”
From Psychotropic medication non-adherence and its associated factors among patients with major psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [46]
Medication non-adherence was affected by the number of hospitalizations, irregular hospitalization and frequently discharge of patients, length of stay, lack of patients' satisfaction with health care services, and long distance to access the health service/recollect medications.
“Medication non-adherence was affected by the number of hospitalizations [28], irregular hospitalization and frequently discharge of patients, length of stay [42, 46], lack of patients’ satisfaction with health care services [44], and long distance to access the health service/recollect medications [50].”
From Psychotropic medication non-adherence and its associated factors among patients with major psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [46]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Olivares, J. M., Rodriguez-Morales, A., Diels, J., Povey, M., Jacobs, A., Zhao, Z., & Lam, A.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Complex Of Vigo (ES)
- Janssen (Belgium) (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Olivares, J.M.
- Venue
- European Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 287-296
- ISSN
- 0924-9338 (ISSN-L)
- 1778-3585
- OpenAlex
- W1969486406
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 8.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, long-acting injectable risperidone, oral antipsychotics, medication adherence, treatment retention, hospitalization, Clinical Global Impression Scale, olanzapine, long-term outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Olanzapine, Administration, Oral, Adult, Benzodiazepines, Delayed-Action Preparations, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Injections, Intramuscular, Long-Term Care, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Readmission, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Registries, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Antipsychotic Agents, Risperidone, Medication Adherence
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