Composite Scale of Morningness: psychometric properties, validity with Munich ChronoType Questionnaire and age/sex differences in Poland
Abstract
The present study aimed at testing psychometric properties of the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) and validating it with mid sleep on free days (MSF) derived from the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) in Poland, along with analyzing age and sex differences in the CSM and MSF. A sample of 952 Polish residents (62.6% females) aged between 13 and 46 was tested. Additionally, a sample of 33 university students were given MCTQ and filled in a sleep diary for 8 days. MSF derived from MCTQ was related to the one from sleep diary (r=.44). The study revealed good reliability of the CSM (α=.84) and its validity: greater morningness preference was associated with earlier MSF from MCTQ (r=-.52). CSM scores were distributed over its full range, with a mean of 34, and did not differ between sexes, although females were earlier than males by 23minutes in MSF. Regarding age, eveningness estimated with both CSM and MSF was greatest in subjects aged 16-18years, and a shift toward eveningness during puberty and a shift back toward morningness in older age was observed. The Polish version of the CSM consisted of two components of morningness. Cutoff scores were: for evening types (lower 10%) 24 or less, for morning types (upper 10%) 43 or more. The Polish CSM presents good psychometric properties, which are similar to those reported in other language versions, and also presents sex/age patterns similar to those found previously.
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In children, morning chronotype is more prevalent, with a shift towards eveningness during puberty.
“In children, the morning chronotype is more prevalent, with a shift towards eveningness being observed during puberty (51).”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [51]
A shift towards morningness is seen at approximately 50 years of age, indicating that aging influences chronotype.
“By contrast, a shift towards morningness is seen at ∼50 y of age (52), indicating that aging influences chronotype (51).”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [51]
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- Authors
- Jankowski, K. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Warsaw (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Jankowski, K.S.
- ORCID
- Jankowski, K.S.
- Venue
- European Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 166-171
- ISSN
- 0924-9338 (ISSN-L)
- 1778-3585
- OpenAlex
- W2055621453
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 11.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- European Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Centre (Poland) (2011/03/D/HS6/05760)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- Composite Scale of Morningness, morningness-eveningness preference, chronotype, Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, sleep diary, psychometric validation, age differences, sex differences, puberty, Polish version, cut-off values
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Poland, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Sleep, Reproducibility of Results, Principal Component Analysis, Young Adult
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