A preliminary investigation of schematic beliefs and unusual experiences in children
Open accessAbstract
Background: In cognitive models of adult psychosis, schematic beliefs about the self and others are important vulnerability and maintaining factors, and are therefore targets for psychological interventions. Schematic beliefs have not previously been investigated in children with distressing unusual, or psychotic-like, experiences (UEDs). The aim of this study was firstly to investigate whether a measure of schematic beliefs, originally designed for adults with psychosis, was suitable for children; and secondly, to examine the association of childhood schematic beliefs with internalising and externalising problems and with UEDs. Method: Sixty-seven children aged 8–14 years, with emotional and behavioural difficulties, completed measures of UEDs, internalising (depression and anxiety), and externalising (conduct and hyperactivity-inattention) problems, together with the Brief Core Schema Scales (BCSS). Results: The BCSS was readily completed by participants, and scale psychometric properties were good. Children tended to view themselves and others positively. Internalising and externalising problems and UEDs were all associated with negative schematic beliefs; effect sizes were small to medium. Conclusions: Schematic beliefs in young people can be measured using the BCSS, and negative schematic beliefs are associated with childhood psychopathology and with UEDs. Schematic beliefs may therefore form a useful target in psychological interventions for young people with UEDs.
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Distress impacts self-knowledge and cognitive biases at the trait level, including negative childhood self-beliefs such as being helpless or unloved.
“Distress is also known to impact self-knowledge and cognitive biases at the trait level, for instance in the development of negative beliefs about the self in childhood such as “I am helpless” or “I am unloved” (Dozois et al., 2012; Noone et al., 2015)—beliefs which have also been linked to psychotic-like experiences (Cowan, McAdams, et al., 2019; Noone et al., 2015).”
From Narrative identity in the psychosis spectrum: A systematic review and developmental model (2021) · cites this paper as Noone et al., 2015
The Abstract reports that negative schematic beliefs in children were associated with internalising problems and distressing unusual experiences. It does not establish that distress causes those beliefs to develop or affects self-knowledge and cognitive biases at the trait level; the retrieved passages also do not give the examples “I am helpless” or “I am unloved.” (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Cites
Goodman, R., Meltzer, H., & Bailey, V. (1998) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s007870050057 · Cited by 2,238 · see citing works
FOWLER, D., FREEMAN, D., SMITH, B., KUIPERS, E., BEBBINGTON, P., BASHFORTH, H., COKER, S., HODGEKINS, J., GRACIE, A., DUNN, G., et al. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706007355 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Self-citationKelleher, I., Harley, M., Murtagh, A., & Cannon, M. (2011) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp057 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
The cognitive-behavioural treatment of low self-esteem in psychotic patients: A pilot study
Hall, P. L., & Tarrier, N. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00013-x · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Fowler, D., Hodgekins, J., Garety, P., Freeman, D., Kuipers, E., Dunn, G., Smith, B., & Bebbington, P. E. (2012) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr019 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
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Narrative identity in the psychosis spectrum: A systematic review and developmental model
Cowan, H. R., Mittal, V. A., & McAdams, D. P. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102067 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Laurens, K. R., & Cullen, A. E. (2016) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-015-1151-x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Noone, D., Ames, C., Hassanali, N., Browning, S., Bracegirdle, K., Corrigall, R., Laurens, K. R., Hirsch, C. R., Kuipers, E., Maddox, L., Fowler, D., & Jolley, S.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- University of Sussex (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Jolley, S.
- Venue
- European Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2015-07
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 569-575
- ISSN
- 0924-9338 (ISSN-L)
- 1778-3585
- OpenAlex
- W2140954994
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 3.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- kclpure.kcl.ac.uk
- Licence
- Locations
- European Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex) (submittedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Guy's and St Thomas’ Charity (R100417)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- unusual experiences, psychotic-like experiences, children, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, emotional and behavioral problems, psychopathology
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adult, Child, Child Behavior, Child Development, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Psychometrics, Psychotic Disorders, Risk Assessment, Adolescent Development
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