Phycocyanin alleviates ICV-STZ induced cognitive and molecular deficits via PI3-Kinase dependent pathway
Abstract
In this study, the effect of Phycocyanin (Pc) to ameliorate the cognitive dysfunction in experimental model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was evaluated. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) induction of Streptozotocin (STZ) (3 mg/kg) was done bilaterally twice in rats on alternative days. Rats were injected with Pc (50, 100 mg/kg; i. p.) for 28 days daily for behavioural and cholinergic activity assessment. As the effect was only significant at 100 mg/kg, later molecular experiments were performed using the same only. STZ induction led to increased activity of hippocampal cholinesterases and BAX and decreased activity of BCL-2 and ChAT. It enhanced TNF-α, and NF-κB in rat's brain and reduced BDNF and IGF-1 levels. Dysfunctional insulin signaling and decreased gene expressions of PI3-K, AKT was also observed. However, Pc treatment significantly prevented STZ-induced increased activity of hippocampal cholinesterases and BAX as well as increased the levels of BCL-2 and ChAT. Neuroinflammation was significantly attenuated and BDNF and IGF-1 levels were upregulated. Further, Pc also alleviated dysfunctional insulin signaling as evidenced by increased gene expression of IRS-1, PI3-K, AKT. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the immense potential of Pc in attenuating STZ-induced cognitive decline and it may be further explored as a therapeutic agent in managing AD.
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Phycocyanin has immense potential in attenuating streptozotocin-induced cognitive decline in rats.
“Ref. [97] studied the role of phycocyanin in improving cognitive dysfunction in rats subjected to intracerebroventricular induction of streptozotocin (STZ) and demonstrated the immense potential of phycocyanin in attenuating STZ-induced cognitive decline.”
From Application of Arthrospira platensis for Medicinal Purposes and the Food Industry: A Review of the Literature (2023) · cites this paper as [97]
Phycocyanin increases INS-IR binding affinity, IRS-1 activation of PI3K and AKT, resulting in initiation of the IRS/PI3K/AKT pathway, and slightly reduces expression of the PTEN gene.
“Phycocyanin has been shown to increase INS-IR binding affinity, IRS-1 activation of PI3K and AKT, resulting in initiation of the IRS/PI3K/AKT pathway, and slightly reduced expression of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene, an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT pathway [94].”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [94]
In rats with intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease model, phycocyanin treatment significantly attenuated neuroinflammation and enhanced BDNF and IGF-1 levels that increased regulation of IRS-1.
“In this experimental model of AD, phycocyanin treatment significantly attenuated neuroinflammation and enhanced BDNF as well as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels that increased regulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1).”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [94]
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- Authors
- Agrawal, M., Perumal, Y., Bansal, S., Arora, S., & Chopra, K.
- Affiliations
- Panjab University (IN)
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Chopra, Kanwaljit
- Venue
- Food and Chemical Toxicology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 145
- Pages
- 111684
- ISSN
- 0278-6915 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3049339909
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 3.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Food and Chemical Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
- Keywords
- phycocyanin, Alzheimer's disease, insulin resistance, PI3K/Akt signaling, neuroinflammation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor I, TNF-α, NF-κB, cholinesterase, neuroprotection
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Brain, Choline O-Acetyltransferase, Cognition, Disease Models, Animal, Hippocampus, Humans, Male, Phycocyanin, Streptozocin, Signal Transduction, Rats, Wistar, Neuroprotective Agents, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Rats, Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins, Infusions, Intraventricular
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