The novel object recognition memory: neurobiology, test procedure, and its modifications
Open accessAbstract
Animal models of memory have been considered as the subject of many scientific publications at least since the beginning of the twentieth century. In humans, memory is often accessed through spoken or written language, while in animals, cognitive functions must be accessed through different kind of behaviors in many specific, experimental models of memory and learning. Among them, the novel object recognition test can be evaluated by the differences in the exploration time of novel and familiar objects. Its application is not limited to a field of research and enables that various issues can be studied, such as the memory and learning, the preference for novelty, the influence of different brain regions in the process of recognition, and even the study of different drugs and their effects. This paper describes the novel object recognition paradigms in animals, as a valuable measure of cognition. The purpose of this work was to review the neurobiology and methodological modifications of the test commonly used in behavioral pharmacology.
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Both male and female E4FAD or APOE3+/+ mouse models with 5xFAD background (E3FAD) manifested with AD-related pathological, neuro-inflammatory, and behavioral phenotypes at 4-8 months of age, such as memory impairments measured by novel object recognition (NOR) tests with an inability to discriminate between novel and familiar objects.
“It was previously demonstrated that both male and female E4FAD or APOE3+/+ mouse models with 5xFAD background (E3FAD) manifested with AD-related pathological, neuro-inflammatory, and behavioral phenotypes at 4–8 months of age [29, 30], such as memory impairments measured by novel object recognition (NOR) tests with an inability to discriminate between novel and familiar objects [49].”
From Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease (2023) · cites this paper as [49]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe discrimination index studies showed consistent results suggesting that impaired discrimination behaviors in female E4FAD mice were completely rescued by LRP10 OE (discrimination index: -0.13 versus 0.24, p = 0.026).
“Moreover, the discrimination index studies using the differences in exploration times for novel versus familiar object [49] showed consistent results suggesting that impaired discrimination behaviors in female E4FAD mice were completely rescued by LRP10 OE (Fig. 4A, discrimination index: -0.13 versus 0.24, p = 0.026).”
From Sex specific molecular networks and key drivers of Alzheimer’s disease (2023) · cites this paper as [49]
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“The NOR task allows researchers to examine an animal’s behavioral changes in response to a new object introduced into a familiar environment (Bevins & Besheer, 2006; Broadbent et al., 2010; Antunes & Biala, 2012; Cohen & Stackman, 2015).”
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- Authors
- Antunes, M., & Biala, G.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of Lublin (PL)
- Venue
- Cognitive Processing
- Published
- 2011-12-09
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 93-110
- ISSN
- 1612-4782 (ISSN-L)
- 1612-4790
- PMC
- PMC3332351
- OpenAlex
- W2003966687
- Cited by
- 2,390
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 192 · 2025: 235 · 2024: 252 · 2023: 206 · 2022: 239 · 2021: 234 · 2020: 232 · 2019: 158 · 2018: 179 · 2017: 148 · 2016: 117 · 2015: 92 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 2.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cognitive Processing (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie (DS 23)
- Erasmus+
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- novel object recognition, recognition memory, animal models of memory, behavioral pharmacology, exploration time, novelty preference, brain regions, learning and memory
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Exploratory Behavior, Humans, Learning, Neurobiology, Neuropsychological Tests, Time Factors, Visual Perception, Recognition, Psychology
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