Assessment of C-phycocyanin effect on astrocytes-mediated neuroprotection against oxidative brain injury using 2D and 3D astrocyte tissue model
Open accessAbstract
Drugs are currently being developed to attenuate oxidative stress as a treatment for brain injuries. C-phycocyanin (C-Pc) is an antioxidant protein of green microalgae known to exert neuroprotective effects against oxidative brain injury. Astrocytes, which compose many portions of the brain, exert various functions to overcome oxidative stress; however, little is known about how C-Pc mediates the antioxidative effects of astrocytes. In this study, we revealed that C-Pc intranasal administration to the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats ensures neuroprotection of ischemic brain by reducing infarct size and improving behavioral deficits. C-Pc also enhanced viability and proliferation but attenuated apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of oxidized astrocytes, without cytotoxicity to normal astrocytes and neurons. To elucidate how C-Pc leads astrocytes to enhance neuroprotection and repair of ischemia brain, we firstly developed 3D oxidized astrocyte model. C-Pc had astrocytes upregulate antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and catalase and neurotrophic factors BDNF and NGF, while alleviating inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-1β and glial scar. Additionally, C-Pc improved viability of 3D oxidized neurons. In summary, C-Pc was concluded to activate oxidized astrocytes to protect and repair the ischemic brain with the combinatorial effects of improved antioxidative, neurotrophic, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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C-PC attenuated apoptosis and ROS of oxidized astrocytes.
“C-PC also attenuated apoptosis and ROS of oxidized astrocytes.”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [98]
C-PC intranasal administration to rats with ischemic brain reduced infarct size and improved behavioral deficits.
“Min et al. observed that C-PC intranasal administration to rats with ischemic brain reduced infarct size and improved behavioral deficits.”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [98]
C-PC induced the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and BDNF.
“Moreover, C-PC induced the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and BDNF [98],”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [98]
In the 3D oxidized astrocyte model, C-PC upregulated antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT, and downregulated inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-1β and glial scar.
“In the 3D oxidized astrocyte model, C-PC upregulated antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT, and downregulated inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-1β and glial scar.”
From Beneficial Effects of Spirulina Consumption on Brain Health (2022) · cites this paper as [98]
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- Authors
- Min, S. K., Park, J. S., Luo, L., Kwon, Y. S., Lee, H. C., Jung Shim, H., Kim, I.-D., Lee, J.-K., & Shin, H. S.
- Affiliations
- Inha University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Shin, Hwa Sung
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2015-09-24
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 14418-14418
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4585836
- OpenAlex
- W2402473392
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 3.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation
- Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (NRF-2014R1A2A1A11052143)
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disorders and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- C-phycocyanin, astrocytes, neuroprotection, cerebral ischemia, middle cerebral artery occlusion, intranasal administration, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, neuroinflammation, interleukin-6, IL-1β, glial scar, neuronal viability, oxidative stress
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antioxidants, Astrocytes, Cell Communication, Cell Survival, Brain Ischemia, Disease Models, Animal, Male, Nerve Growth Factors, Neurons, Phycocyanin, Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, Neuroprotective Agents, Inflammation Mediators, Tissue Culture Techniques, Cell Proliferation, Rats
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