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Intestinal microbiota regulates colonic inflammation in fluorosis mice by TLR/NF-κB pathway through short-chain fatty acids
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation and microbial dysbiosis are found simultaneously in patients with fluorosis. However, whether the inflammation derived from fluoride exposure only or intestinal microbial disorders has not been clarified. In this study, 100 mg/L NaF exposure for 90 days significantly elevated the expressions of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, TGF-β, and IL-10), and the levels of TLR4, TRAF6, Myd88, IKKβ, and NF-κB P65 in mouse colon, while the above factors were reduced in pseudo germ-free mice with fluorosis, hinting that disordered microbiota might play a more direct role in the development of colonic inflammation than fluoride. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) lowered the levels of inflammatory factors and inactivated the TLR/NF-κB pathway in fluoride-exposed mice. In addition, supplementing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) exhibited the identical effects to the model of FMT. In summary, intestinal microbiota may alleviate the colonic inflammatory of mice with fluorosis by regulating TLR/NF-κB pathway through SCFAs.
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“Fluoride supplementation stimulated the production of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-22, IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and NF-κB,10,37,56”
From Effect of Fluoride on Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [56]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Effect of Fluoride on Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review
Yasin, M., Zohoori, F. V., Kumah, E. A., Subramanian, M., Dean, P., & Orr, C. H. (2025) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuae202 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, S., Zhao, T., Wang, Y., Mi, J., Liu, J., Fan, X., Niu, R., & Sun, Z.
- ORCID
- Niu, Ruiyan
- Venue
- Food and Chemical Toxicology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-08
- Volume
- 178
- Pages
- 113866
- ISSN
- 0278-6915
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 0
- Language
- en
- Licence
- Funders
- Shanxi Agricultural University
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