The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 6 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination
Open accessAbstract
Objective To investigate the effects of letrozole in patients undergoing superovulation with gonadotropins and IUI.Design Retrospective analysis.Setting Academic teaching hospital.Patient(s) Women younger than 40 years of age with patent fallopian tubes and infertility of more than 1 year in duration who were undergoing IUI and gonadotropin therapy.Intervention(s) Gonadotropins alone administered from day 3 or a combination of letrozole, 5 mg/d on day 3 to 7, and gonadotropins starting on day 5 of the menstrual cycle. Ultrasonography was performed before initiation of treatment, on day 9 of menstrual cycle, and as required thereafter until the dominant follicle reached 18 mm in diameter. Ovulation was triggered with 10,000 IU of hCG, and IUI was performed 24 and 48 hours later.Main outcome measure(s) Gonadotropin requirements, endometrial thickness, number of follicles, and pregnancy rate.Result(s) All 205 IUI treatment cycles conducted from March 2001 to March 2002 were included. Gonadotropins alone were used in 145 cycles and combination therapy was used in 60 cycles. Patients cotreated with letrozole required fewer gonadotropin administrations (median difference, 300 IU [95% confidence interval (CI), 225-375 IU]), developed more follicles larger than 14 mm (median difference, 1 follicle [95% CI, 1-2 follicles), and had a thinner endometrium (median difference, 1 mm [95% CI, 0.4-1.6 mm]). The pregnancy rate did not differ between patients using gonadotropin alone and those using gonadotropin plus letrozole (20.9% vs. 21.6%).Conclusion(s) The addition of letrozole to gonadotropins decreases gonadotropin requirements, increases the number of pre-ovulatory follicles and decreases endometrial thickness, without a negative effect on pregnancy rates.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
In this retrospective analysis of 205 IUI cycles, adding letrozole to gonadotropins reduced gonadotropin requirements and increased preovulatory follicles but decreased endometrial thickness, without changing pregnancy rate. The authors conclude that prospective randomized trials are needed to clarify letrozole’s role as a cotreatment in superovulation and IUI.
Key findings
- Letrozole plus gonadotropins required less gonadotropin to reach follicular maturity than gonadotropins alone (mean 600.6 ± 405.7 IU vs. 940.6 ± 464.2 IU; P<.0001; median difference, 300 IU [95% CI, 225–375 IU]) and fewer days (7.6 ± 2.0 vs. 9.5 ± 3.0; P<.0001; median difference, −2 days [95% CI, −2 to 1 days]).
- Letrozole cotreatment produced more follicles: follicles >14 mm at hCG administration (3.2 ± 1.2 vs. 2.2 ± 1.5; P<.001; median difference, 1 follicle [95% CI, 1–2]) and follicles >8 mm (5.7 ± 2.7 vs. 4.9 ± 4.3; P=.0008).
- Endometrial thickness at hCG administration was thinner with letrozole (8.5 ± 2.6 mm vs. 9.4 ± 1.9 mm; P<.001; median difference, 1 mm [95% CI, 0.4–1.6 mm]).
- Pregnancy rate per cycle started did not differ between groups (21.6% vs. 20.9%; NS in Table 1); no multiple pregnancies occurred in the letrozole plus gonadotropin group, whereas three twin pregnancies occurred in the gonadotropin-alone group.
Methods
- Retrospective analysis at an academic teaching hospital, March 2001–March 2002; 107 patients and 205 IUI cycles were included, with 145 cycles using gonadotropins alone and 60 using letrozole plus gonadotropins. Inclusion criteria were age younger than 40 years, infertility >1 year, patent fallopian tubes, normal uterine cavity, and at least 10 million rapidly motile sperm/mL.
- Gonadotropins alone began on day 3, or letrozole 5 mg/d was given on days 3–7 plus gonadotropins starting on day 5; the starting gonadotropin dose was 150 IU every 2 days and was modified as needed. hCG 10,000 IU was given when at least one follicle reached 18 mm, and IUI was performed 24 and 48 hours later.
- Data were tested for normality with the Shapiro-Wilks test; because data were not normally distributed, Mann-Whitney tests were used, with chi-square and Fisher exact tests for proportions and 95% CIs reported; P<.05 was considered statistically significant.
Limitations
- The authors state the study is limited by its retrospective nature and that treatment choice was based on physician preference, so some bias may have been introduced; they note the groups were similar in age, indications, and treatment history, and that two technicians performed all ultrasonographic scans and the same embryologist prepared IUI samples.
- The authors note the anovulatory subgroup comprised only patients with PCOS, and not all underwent testing or treatment for insulin resistance, which may account for differences in ovarian sensitivity to gonadotropins.
- Evident in the text: the pregnancy-rate result is internally inconsistent—the paper states no difference and Table 1 marks pregnancy rate NS, but also reports an odds ratio of 1.8 (95% CI, 1.1–3.2); the letrozole plus gonadotropin group was also much smaller (60 cycles) than the gonadotropin-alone group (145 cycles).
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
10 Own result · 9 Own method · 5 Not checked yet · 3 Own interpretation
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Patients cotreated with letrozole required fewer gonadotropin administrations (median difference, 300 IU [95% confidence interval (CI), 225-375 IU])”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“Cotreatment with letrozole resulted in a decrease in the duration of time (median difference, Ϫ2 days [95% CI, Ϫ2 to 1 days]) and amount of gonadotropins (median difference, Ϫ300 IU [95% CI, Ϫ375 to 225 IU]) required to achieve follicular maturation.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Gonadotropins to reach follicular maturity (IU) 940.6 Ϯ 464.2 600.6 Ϯ 405.7 Ͻ.0001”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“had a thinner endometrium (median difference, 1 mm [95% CI, 0.4 -1.6 mm])”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The endometrium at the time of hCG administration was significantly thicker in patients who received gonadotropins alone (median difference, 1 mm [95% CI, 0.4 -1.6 mm).”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Endometrial thickness on day of hCG administration (mm) 9.4 Ϯ 1.9 8.5 Ϯ 2.6 Ͻ.001”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“developed more follicles larger than 14 mm (median difference, 1 follicle [95% CI, 1-2 follicles)”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“A higher number of follicles (median difference, 2 follicles [95% CI, 1-2 follicles]) and more follicles 14 mm or larger (median difference, 1 follicle [95% CI, 1-2 follicles) at the time of hCG administration were found in participants who received letrozole plus gonadotropins compared with those who received gonadotropins alone (Table 1).”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“No. of follicles Ͼ14 mm on day of hCG administration 2.2 Ϯ 1.5 3.2 Ϯ 1.2 Ͻ.001”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pregnancy rate did not differ between patients using gonadotropin alone and those using gonadotropin plus letrozole (20.9% vs. 21.6%).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“No difference in the pregnancy rate between the two groups was noted (odds ratio, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.1-3.2]).”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Pregnancy rate per cycle started (%) 20.9 21.6 NS”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A higher number of follicles (median difference, 2 follicles [95% CI, 1-2 follicles]) and more follicles 14 mm or larger (median difference, 1 follicle [95% CI, 1-2 follicles) at the time of hCG administration were found in participants who received letrozole plus gonadotropins compared with those who received gonadotropins alone (Table 1).”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“No. of follicles Ͼ8 mm on day of hCG administration 4.9 Ϯ 4.3 5.7 Ϯ 2.7 .0008”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The decrease in gonadotropins required to achieve follicular maturation persisted when the anovulatory patients were excluded (median difference, 300 IU [95% CI, 225-450]).”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was no difference between the groups in gonadotropin requirements among anovulatory patients.”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cotreatment with letrozole resulted in a decrease in the duration of time (median difference, Ϫ2 days [95% CI, Ϫ2 to 1 days]) and amount of gonadotropins (median difference, Ϫ300 IU [95% CI, Ϫ375 to 225 IU]) required to achieve follicular maturation.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“No. of days required to achieve follicular maturity 9.5 Ϯ 3.0 7.6 Ϯ 2.0 Ͻ.0001”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No differences in patient age (median difference, 1 year [95% CI, Ϫ2 to 0 year]), duration (median difference, 0 months [95% CI, 0 -0.5 months) (Table 1), or cause of infertility (Pϭ.29) were detected between the two groups.”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > RESULTS
plainn = 107- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No differences in patient age (median difference, 1 year [95% CI, Ϫ2 to 0 year]), duration (median difference, 0 months [95% CI, 0 -0.5 months) (Table 1), or cause of infertility (Pϭ.29) were detected between the two groups.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
“Duration of infertility (mos) 27.9 Ϯ 23.0 31.1 Ϯ 21.3 NS”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > RESULTS
plainn = 107- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · plain
- It may state two separate claims as one. 7
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This effect was seen specifically in the patients with unexplained or male factor infertility, but not in those with anovulation.”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > FERTILITY & STERILITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three biochemical pregnancies occurred in the gonadotropin group and one occurred in the letrozole plus gonadotropin group.”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, both groups of patients were treated at the same time and were similar in age, indications for treatment, and treatment history.”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > FERTILITY & STERILITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The discrepancy between our findings and previously published data may be attributable to differences in ovulation induction regimens.”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > FERTILITY & STERILITY
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, two technicians performed all ultrasonographic scans and the same embryologist prepared the IUI samples.”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > FERTILITY & STERILITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study is limited by its retrospective nature.”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > FERTILITY & STERILITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, despite the significantly higher number of preovulatory follicles in patients pretreated with letrozole, the pregnancy rate or multiple pregnancy rate did not increase.”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > FERTILITY & STERILITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because the study was not randomized and the choice of treatment was based on physician preference, some bias may have been introduced.”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > FERTILITY & STERILITY
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Its postulated mechanism of action is the increased endogenous production of FSH and, possibly a local effect of increasing androgen concentration and sensitivity of the ovaries to FSH (32).”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [32] Weil, 1998, Androgen receptor gene expression in the primate ovary, J Clin Endocrinol Metab source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The gonadotropin requirement can be significantly reduced by combining this treatment with clomiphene citrate (9).”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] Kemmann, 1983, Sequential clomiphene citrate-menotropin therapy for induction or enhancement of ovulation, Fertil Steril source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Recently, it was suggested that letrozole, a specific reversible, nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor that suppresses estrogen biosynthesis (16), can successfully replace clomiphene citrate in superovulation treatment of patients with unexplained infertility or polycystic ovarian disease and in poor responders (17,18).”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] Mitwally, 2001, Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction of ovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate, Fertil Steril source
- Not checked yetcites [18] Mitwally, 2002, Aromatase inhibition improves ovarian response to follicle-stimulating hormone in poor responders, Fertil Steril source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Patients treated with a combined regimen required less gonadotropin and developed more follicles Ͼ14 mm but had thinner endometrium.”
From A new era in ovulation induction (2006) · cites this paper as [62]
In the citing paper
“These agents theoretically avoid adverse effects of clomiphene citrate, 238,239 as they do not affect oestrogen receptors centrally or thin the endometrium. 237”
From Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline (2011) · cites this paper as [238]
In the citing paper
“The pregnancy rate for treatment with letrozole and FSH was similar to that for FSH alone.”
From A new era in ovulation induction (2006) · cites this paper as [62]
In the citing paper
“The addition of letrozole to FSH treatment leads to a decreased FSH requirement.”
From A new era in ovulation induction (2006) · cites this paper as [62]
In the citing paper
“However, there was no significant difference in the pregnancy rates between the two groups (gonadotropin 20.9%, gonadotropin and letrozole 21.6%).”
From A new era in ovulation induction (2006) · cites this paper as [62]
In the citing paper
“In our previous study, we reported that the addition of letrozole (5 mg daily for 5 days) to gonadotropin is associated with a thinner endometrium than gonadotropin alone (20).”
From A randomized trial of letrozole versus clomiphene citrate in women undergoing superovulation (2004) · cites this paper as [20]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > RESULTS
“No difference in the pregnancy rate between the two groups was noted (odds ratio, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.1-3.2]).”
§ Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination > DISCUSSION
“Pregnancy rate per cycle started (%) 20.9 21.6 NS”
Citations
Cites
Laboratory manual for the examination of human semen and semen-cervical mucus interaction.
Ma, B., Moghissi, K. S., ELIASSON, R., Ca, P., Aj, G., & Mr, P. (1980) · Cited by 2,209
Mitwally, M. F. M., & Casper, R. F. (2001) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01705-2 · Cited by 800
Geisler, J., Haynes, B., Anker, G., Dowsett, M., & Lønning, P. E. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.20.3.751 · Cited by 604
Efficacy of Superovulation and Intrauterine Insemination in the Treatment of Infertility
Guzick, D. S., Carson, S. A., Coutifaris, C., Overstreet, J. W., Factor-Litvak, P. R., Steinkampf, M. P., Hill, J. A., Mastroianni, L., Buster, J. E., Nakajima, S. T., et al. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199901213400302 · Cited by 521
Aromatase inhibition improves ovarian response to follicle-stimulating hormone in poor responders
Mitwally, M. F. M., & Casper, R. F. (2002) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(01)03280-0 · Cited by 407
Weil, S. J., Vendola, K., Zhou, J., Adesanya, O. O., Wang, J., Okafor, J., & Bondy, C. A. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.7.4917 · Cited by 359
Clomiphene citrate: mechanism(s) and site(s) of action—a hypothesis revisited
Wallach, E. E., & Adashi, E. Y. (1984) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)48069-6 · Cited by 249
Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and intrauterine insemination for treatment of infertility
Dodson, W. C., & Haney, A. F. (1991) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54168-5 · Cited by 237
Mechanistic studies on aromatase and related CC bond cleaving P-450 enzymes
Akhtar, M., Njar, V. C. O., & Neville Wright, J. (1993) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/0960-0760(93)90241-n · Cited by 193
Dodson, W. C., Whitesides, D. B., Hughes, C. L., Easley, H. A., & Haney, A. F. (1987) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)59414-x · Cited by 181
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Buzdar, 2001, Howell A. Advances in aromatase inhibition, Clin Cancer Res, 7, 2620
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Oktay, K., Hourvitz, A., Şahin, G., Öktem, Ö., Safro, B., Çil, A. P., & Bang, H. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0962 · Cited by 418
Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline
Teede, H. J., Misso, M. L., Deeks, A. A., Moran, L. J., Stuckey, B. G. A., Wong, J. L. A., Norman, R. J., Costello, M. F., & Groups, O. B. O. T. G. D. (2011) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja11.10915 · Cited by 379
Goswami, S. K. (2004) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deh359 · Cited by 372
Clomiphene citrate—end of an era? a mini-review
Homburg, R. (2005) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dei042 · Cited by 332
“These preliminary findings were confirmed in a large series, albeit retrospective and non-randomized, comparing stimulation with FSH alone (145 cycles) or the combined therapy (60 cycles) (Healey et al., 2003).”
ResultAromatase Inhibitors for Ovulation Induction
Casper, R. F., & Mitwally, M. F. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1923 · Cited by 272
Single-dose administration of an aromatase inhibitor for ovarian stimulation
Mitwally, M. F., & Casper, R. F. (2005) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.952 · Cited by 272
Use of letrozole in assisted reproduction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Requena, A., Herrero, J. C., Landeras, J., Navarro, E., Neyro, J. L., Salvador, C., Tur, R., Callejo, J., Checa, M. Á., Farré, M., et al. (2008) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmn033 · Cited by 197
“In a retrospective analysis, Healey et al. (2003) compared FSH alone or a combination of FSH and letrozole 5 mg/day and also showed that women co-treated with letrozole developed more follicles .14 mm.”
BackgroundMethodA new era in ovulation induction
Holzer, H., Casper, R., & Tulandi, T. (2006) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.05.078 · Cited by 194
Self-citationPregnancy outcome after the use of an aromatase inhibitor for ovarian stimulation
Mitwally, M. F., Biljan, M. M., & Casper, R. F. (2005) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2004.08.013 · Cited by 186
Self-citationA randomized trial of letrozole versus clomiphene citrate in women undergoing superovulation
Al-Fozan, H., Al-Khadouri, M., Tan, S. L., & Tulandi, T. (2004) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.04.070 · Cited by 174
Self-citationPregnancy outcome after the use of an aromatase inhibitor for ovarian stimulation
Mitwally, M. F., & Casper, R. F. (2002) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03975-4 · Cited by 178
Badawy, A., Aal, I. A., & Abulatta, M. (2007) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.02.062 · Cited by 133
RetractedCostello, M., Misso, M. L., Balen, A. H., Boyle, J., Devoto, L., Garad, R. M., Hart, R. J., Johnson, L., Jordan, C., Legro, R. S., et al. (2018) · Human Reproduction Open · doi:10.1093/hropen/hoy021 · Cited by 128
“These agents were originally used to improve pregnancy rates and limit adverse effects (Casper, 2003; Healey et al., 2003), especially with clomiphene resistance and failure (Imani et al., 1999; Imani et al., 2002 January, Casper, 2003; Legro et al., 2007).”
BackgroundSchoolcraft, W. B., Surrey, E. S., Minjarez, D. A., Stevens, J. M., & Gardner, D. K. (2007) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.02.013 · Cited by 103
Bayar, Ü., Başaran, M., Kıran, S., Coşkun, A., & Gezer, Ş. (2006) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.04.026 · Cited by 100
Pirard, C., Donnez, J., & Loumaye, E. (2005) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deh830 · Cited by 96
“Different doses and different durations of administration would need to be tested, however, before reaching any conclusion on the ability of this specific aromatase inhibitor to stimulate multiple follicular development (Casper, 2003; Healy et al., 2003).”
BackgroundAromatase inhibitors for PCOS: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Misso, M. L., Wong, J. L. A., Teede, H. J., Hart, R. J., Rombauts, L. J. F., Melder, A., Norman, R. J., & Costello, M. (2012) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dms003 · Cited by 96
“The main incentives for the development of AIs as ovulation induction agents were to avoid some of the adverse effects of CC, including the peripheral anti-estrogenic effects on the endometrium and cervical mucus (Healey et al., 2003) and the increased risk of multiple pregnancy (Casper, 2003).”
BackgroundLetrozole vs. clomiphene citrate in patients with ovulatory infertility
Bayar, Ü., Tanriverdi, H. A., Barut, A., Ayoğlu, F. N., Özcan, O., & Kaya, E. (2006) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.09.045 · Cited by 93
Badawy, A., Shokeir, T. A., ALLAM, A. F., & Abdel‐Hady, H. (2008) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1080/00016340802638199 · Cited by 90
A randomized trial of superovulation with two different doses of letrozole
Al-Fadhli, R., Sylvestre, C. V., Buckett, W. M., Tan, S. L., & Tulandi, T. (2006) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1283 · Cited by 84
Self-citationBadawy, A., Mosbah, A., & Shady, M. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.05.010 · Cited by 76
RetractedEbert, A. D., Bartley, J., & David, M. (2005) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2005.04.017 · Cited by 73
Oktay, K., Büyük, E., Rodriguez‐Wallberg, K. A., & Şahin, G. (2010) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.01.012 · Cited by 72
“The use of letrozole in combination with gonadotrophins is associated with a significantly higher number of follicles >8 mm and >14 mm on day of hCG (Healey et al., 2003; Mitwally and Casper, 2002; Oktay et al., 2006).”
BackgroundAromatase inhibitors in ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI: a pilot study
Verpoest, W., Kolibianakis, E. M., Papanikolaou, E. G. E., Smitz, J. E. J., Steirteghem, A. V., & Devroey, P. (2006) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60611-6 · Cited by 70
“that the use of aromatase inhibitors is effective in achieving adequate follicular response as well as pregnancies in ovulation induction in both ovulating and anovulating patients (Bulun, 2003; Casper, 2003; Fatemi et al., 2003; Healey et al., 2003).”
BackgroundLetrozole: ovulation or superovulation?
Casper, R. F. (2003) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.05.004 · Cited by 64
Overriding follicle selection in controlled ovarian stimulation protocols: Quality vs quantity
Stouffer, R. L., & Zelinski, M. B. (2004) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/1477-7827-2-32 · Cited by 61
Li, S.-J., Zhang, Y., Chai, X., Nie, M., Zhou, Y., Chen, J., & Tao, G. (2013) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-013-3044-0 · Cited by 60
“The drug is considered to be safe and effective [9].”
BackgroundAromatase inhibitors for female infertility: a systematic review of the literature
Polyzos, N. P., Tzioras, S., Badawy, A., Valachis, A., Dritsas, C., & Mauri, D. N. (2009) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.06.008 · Cited by 57
Mitwally, M. F., Casper, R. F., & Diamond, M. P. (2005) · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/1477-7827-3-54 · Cited by 55
Gregoriou, O., Vlahos, N., Konidaris, S., Papadias, K., Botsis, D. S., & Creatsas, G. K. (2007) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.06.099 · Cited by 54
Barroso, G., Menocal, G., Felix, H., Ruiz, J. C. R., Arslan, M., & Oehninger, S. (2006) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.03.044 · Cited by 53
New advances in ovulation induction
Kafy, S., & Tulandi, T. (2007) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/gco.0b013e3280c60c9a · Cited by 47
Self-citationLazer, T., Dar, S., Shlush, E., Kudmani, B. S. A., Quach, K., Sojecki, A., GLASS, K. B., Sharma, P., Baratz, A. Y., & Librach, C. L. (2014) · International Journal of Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1155/2014/581451 · Cited by 44
“[10] demonstrated that the addition of letrozole to gonadotropins increases the number of preovulatory follicles without having a negative impact on pregnancy rate.”
BackgroundDifferent ovarian stimulation protocols for women with diminished ovarian reserve
Loutradis, D., Drakakis, P., Vomvolaki, E., & Antsaklis, A. (2007) · Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10815-007-9181-2 · Cited by 42
“Another study [189], demonstrated that addition of letrozole to gonadotropins increased the number of pre-ovulatory follicles without having a negative effect on pregnancy rates.”
BackgroundJirge, P. R., & Patil, R. S. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.10.009 · Cited by 39
“There have been previous suggestions that in women with normal menstrual rhythm, LE treatment leads to a modest reduction in the length of the follicular phase (16, 18).”
BackgroundXue, X., Liu, S., Yang, Y.-K., Xiaoning, L., Xi, W., & Mao, H. Z. (2015) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s83259 · Cited by 38
“This finding is in agreement with the above-mentioned studies.(15,16) In this study, a strict exclusion criterion for HCG”
ResultWhat can the clinician do to improve implantation?
Boomsma, C. M., & Macklon, N. (2006) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61034-6 · Cited by 35
“These results are in line with three non-randomized trials investigating aromatase inhibitors as an adjunct treatment in normal responders (Healey et al., 2003; Mitwally and Casper, 2003, 2004).”
ResultLetrozole versus human menopausal gonadotrophin in women undergoing intrauterine insemination
Baysoy, A., Serdaroğlu, H., Jamal, H., Karatekeli, E., Özörnek, H., & Attar, E. (2006) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60617-7 · Cited by 33
“The new generation aromatase inhibitor letrozole is now used in ovulation induction and in many infertility situations (Metwally and Caspar, 2001; Healey et al., 2003).”
BackgroundDehbashi, S., Dehbashi, S., Kazerooni, T., Robati, M., Alborzi, S., & Shadman, A. (2009) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 32
Shen, M.-S., Wang, C., Chen, C., & Tzeng, C. (2013) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2012.02070.x · Cited by 32
Ghasemi-rad, M., Hajishafiha, M., Dehghan, M., Kiarang, N., اسدی, ن., & Shayegh, S. N. (2013) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s50972 · Cited by 31
“Even with all these modalities, patients may still develop ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome that could be fatal.(9,19) Multiple pregnancies are another adverse effect of these drugs, and are considered to be an adverse effect of infertility treatments in general.”
InfluentialOvulation induction with tamoxifen and alternate-day gonadotrophin in patients with thin endometrium
Wang, C.-W., Horng, S., Chen, C., Wang, H., Huang, H.-Y., Lee, C., & Soong, Y. (2008) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60288-x · Cited by 31
“, 1998), use of an aromatase inhibitor such as letrozole (Mitwally and Casper, 2001; Healey et al., 2003), use of sildenafil to increase endometrial blood flow (Sher and Fisch, 2000) and delaying the administration of HCG (Dickey et al.”
BackgroundMethodPotential of Aromatase Inhibitors for Ovulation and Superovulation Induction in Infertile Women
Mitwally, M. F., & Casper, R. F. (2006) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-200666170-00001 · Cited by 29
Shapira, M., Orvieto, R., Lebovitz, O., Nahum, R., Aizer, A., Segev-Zahav, A., & Haas, J. (2020) · Journal of Ovarian Research · doi:10.1186/s13048-020-00666-z · Cited by 27
“ovarian stimulation for intra uterine insemination (IUI) cycles [11, 12].”
Lü, X., Wu, Y. R., Gao, X., Wang, Y., Wang, L., & Sun, X. (2012) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.03.055 · Cited by 26
Sipe, C. S., Davis, W. A., Maifeld, M., & Voorhis, B. J. V. (2006) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.05.048 · Cited by 24
Yun, B. H., Chon, S. J., Park, J. H., Seo, S. K., Cho, S., Choi, Y. S., Kim, S. H., & Lee, B. S. (2015) · Yonsei Medical Journal · doi:10.3349/ymj.2015.56.2.490 · Cited by 22
Lee, K., Kim, C., Suk, H.-J., Lee, Y., Kwon, S.-K., Kim, S.-H., Chae, H., & Kang, B. (2014) · Obstetrics & Gynecology Science · doi:10.5468/ogs.2014.57.3.216 · Cited by 20
“Indeed, several preliminary studies showed that when the aromatase inhibitor letrozole is added to a COS protocol in poor responders, the ovarian response to follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) improves and total doses of gonadotropin required are reduced [8-11].”
BackgroundNoriega-Portella, L., Noriega-Hoces, L., Delgado, A., Rubio, J., Gonzales‐Castañeda, C., & Gonzales, G. F. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.08.060 · Cited by 22
Bedaiwy, M. A., Shokry, M., Mousa, N. A., Claessens, A., Esfandiari, N., Gotleib, L., & Casper, R. F. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.03.020 · Cited by 22
Role of androgens in the treatment of patients with low ovarian response
Feigenberg, T., Simon, A., Ben‐Meir, A., Gielchinsky, Y., & Laufer, N. (2009) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.09.012 · Cited by 21
“…addition of aromatase inhibitors to gonadotrophins reduced the FSH dose required for optimum ovarian stimulation, without concomitant adverse anti-oestrogenic effects or change in outcome, despite lower oestradiol concentrations (Biljan et al., 2002; Healey et al., 2003; Mitwally and Casper, 2004).”
BackgroundBedaiwy, M. A., Mousa, N. A., Esfandiari, N., Forman, R., & Casper, R. F. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1673 · Cited by 21
“(24) performed a retrospective analysis of 205”
Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with sequential letrozole co-treatment in normo/high responders
Ecemiş, T., Taşçı, Y., & Çağlar, G. S. (2015) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2015.1110133 · Cited by 20
“total dose requirement of gonadotropins [9].”
BackgroundChen, D., Shen, X., Fu, Y., Ding, C., Zhong, Y., & Zhou, C. (2020) · Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/a-1202-2059 · Cited by 20
“Strikingly, letrozole has the ability to promote monofollicu-lar development and reduce the incidence of OHSS in PCOS patients undergoing ART [10,43,44].”
Hargis, J. B., & Nakajima, S. T. (2006) · Cancer Investigation · doi:10.1080/07357900500524538 · Cited by 17
Hembram, M., Biswas, R., & Jain, A. (2017) · Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences · doi:10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_120_16 · Cited by 15
“Healy et al.[10] found that the dose of gonadotropin required to reach dominant follicle size in gonadotropin-only group was 940.6± 464.2 IU as against 600.6± 405.7 IU in the letrozole + gonadotropin group.”
InfluentialAl-Shaikh, S. F., Al-Mukhatar, E. J., Al-Zubaidy, A. A., Al-Rubaie, B. J. U., & Al-Khuzaee, L. M. (2016) · Middle East Fertility Society Journal · doi:10.1016/j.mefs.2016.12.003 · Cited by 16
Luteal-phase Ovarian Stimulation Case Report: Three-Year Follow-up of a Twin Birth
Kuang, Y. (2013) · Journal of Fertilization In Vitro - IVF-Worldwide Reproductive Medicine Genetics & Stem Cell Biology · doi:10.4172/2375-4508.1000106 · Cited by 14
Huang, H., Clancy, K. B. H., Burhance, C., Zhu, Y., & Madrigal, L. (2015) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.22723 · Cited by 13
“They also tend to support ovulation without suppressing endometrial function, a common side effect of other ovulation induction methods (Al-Fozan et al., 2004; Atay et al., 2006; Badawy et al., 2009; Healey et al., 2003; Nahid and Sirous, 2012).”
BackgroundCostello, M., & Ledger, W. J. (2012) · Women s Health · doi:10.2217/whe.12.14 · Cited by 14
“The rationale for developing aromatase inhibitors as agents for ovulation induction was to avoid some of the adverse peripheral anti-estrogenic effects of clomifene citrate on the endometrium and cervical mucus [66] and also the increased risk of multiple pregnancy seen with clomifene citrate [67].”
BackgroundAromatase inhibitors for ovulation induction
ElDaly, A. A., Al-Fozan, H. M., Al-Inany, H. G., Bedaiwy, M. A., & Saleh, W. F. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005635.pub2 · Cited by 13
Fouda, U. M., & Sayed, A. M. (2011) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2011.579661 · Cited by 13
“Furthermore, several studies revealed that the use of letrozole as an adjuvant for gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI) was associated with less total dose of gonadotropins and more or at least equivalent number of mature follicles [7,8].”
ResultZhang, W., Liu, Z., Zhang, J., Ren, B., Liu, M., Li, J., Zhang, W., & Guan, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.837731 · Cited by 11
“The safety and OI effect of LE have also been generally recognized (26).”
BackgroundChen, L., Jiang, S., Xi, Q., Li, W., Lyu, Q., & Kuang, Y. (2022) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.11.003 · Cited by 11
Aromatase inhibitors for ovulation induction
ElDaly, A. A., Al-Fozan, H. M., Al-Inany, H. G., Bedaiwy, M. A., & Saleh, W. F. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005635 · Cited by 11
RetractedArya, S., Kupesic-Plavsic, S., Mulla, Z. D., Dwivedi, A. K., Crisp, Z., Jose, J., & Noble, L. S. (2017) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.09.023 · Cited by 10
Topipat, C., Choktanasiri, W., Jultanmas, R., Weerakiet, S., Wongkularb, A., & Rojanasakul, A. (2008) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590801895609 · Cited by 10
Griesinger, G., von Otte, S., Schultze-Mosgau, A., Diedrich, K., & Schröer, A. (2008) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.01.091 · Cited by 8
Qin, F., Zhou, Y., Huan, L., & Gui, W. (2020) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000021006 · Cited by 8
“6%).([27]) The higher number of mature follicles in the LE group did not result in a higher pregnancy rate.”
BackgroundAlizzi, F. J. (2018) · Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research · doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i8.25951 · Cited by 8
“Taking in consideration, the drawback effect of CC versus benefits of letrozole that mentioned above in one hand, and on the other hand, the previous studies which showed that cotreatment with the letrozole significantly reduced the FSH dose required during controlled ovarian stimulation (COH) in women with unexplaine…”
ResultOvulation induction in women with infertility: a new indication for aromatase inhibitors
Bulun, S. E. (2003) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.06.001 · Cited by 7
Syndrome des ovaires polymicrokystiques
Robin, G., Proust-Richard, C., Jonard-Catteau, S., & Dewailly, D. (2007) · EMC - Endocrinologie - Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s1155-1941(07)35089-0 · Cited by 6
Letrozole for ovulation induction
Mitwally, M. F., & Casper, R. F. (2006) · Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1586/17474108.1.1.15 · Cited by 6
Ozdemir, U., Özakşit, G., Güngör, A. N. Ç., & Aydogan, M. (2013) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-013-2780-5 · Cited by 6
Haqnawaz, F., Virk, S., Qadir, T., Imam, S., & Rizvi, J. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 6
Wang, H., & Zheng, P.-S. (2014) · Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation · doi:10.1159/000367847 · Cited by 5
EVALUATION OF LETROZOLE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT IN INFERTILE WOMEN
Asbagh, F. A., Azmodeh, O., Ghaseminezhad, A., Heydar, Z., Frouzanfard, F., Amirian, M., Nouri, K., & Salsabili, N. (2007) · ACTA MEDICA IRANICA · Cited by 7
Kaur, J., Suri, V., Gainder, S., & Arora, A. (2019) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-019-05326-2 · Cited by 5
Intrauterine insemination: prognostic factors
Dias, C. M. F., Vitorino, G. B. T., Furlan, S. M. P., dos Reis, R. M., Silva, A. C. J. D. S. R. E., Mendes, M. C., Ferriani, R. A., & Navarro, P. A. (2024) · JBRA · doi:10.5935/1518-0557.20240017 · Cited by 4
Mario, L. C., Borghesi, J., da Anunciação, A. R. D. A., Miranda, C. M. D. C. F., dos Santos, A. C., Favaron, P. O., dos-Santos, D. M., Conei, D., Vásquez, B., del Sol, M., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Morphology · doi:10.4067/s0717-95022018000200677 · Cited by 4
“This data is of extreme importance, as it contributes to the large-scale production of these animals, particularly when it comes to selecting one of the sexes for scientific research (Healey et al., 2003).”
BackgroundDavar, R., Asgharnia, M., & Tayebi, M. J. (2006) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 4
Letrozole in Fertility Therapy
Marguerie, M., & Bedaiwy, M. A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2377-9_7 · Cited by 3
Safdarian, L., Nooshafarin, S. D., Arash, A., & Yekta, B. G. (2012) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 3
Letrozole as an adjunct treatment in antagonist cycles that previously failed in poor responders
Kaçar, M. T., Biler, A., Köse, C., Güleç, E. Ş., & Demir, A. (2021) · Ginekologia Polska · doi:10.5603/gp.a2021.0116 · Cited by 3
Treatment of Infertility in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Wachs, D. S., & Chang, R. J. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-310-3_3 · Cited by 3
“The rise in FSH appears to be sufficient to initiate follicle growth as several studies have reported increased ovulatory function following letrozole treatment ( 67-70 ).”
BackgroundTourgeman, D. E. (2003) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.06.002 · Cited by 3
New Advances in Ovulation Induction
Kafy, S. M., & Tulandi, T. (2007) · Postgraduate Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/00256406-200710310-00001 · Cited by 2
Self-citationThe use of aromatase inhibitors in infertility and gynecology
Al-Shalati, J., & Tulandi, T. (2011) · Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1586/eog.11.30 · Cited by 2
Self-citationLetrozole and gonadotropins: what is the ideal patient protocol?
Healey, S., Tan, S. L., Biljan, M. M., & Tulandi, T. (2003) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.08.001 · Cited by 2
Self-citationAnastrozole is a dose-specific superovulator and favors implantation in rats: a prospective study
Mwakikunga, A., & Hosie, M. J. (2015) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-015-2180-1 · Cited by 2
Sun, X., Jiang, L., Ji, L., Nie, R., Chen, H., Jin, L., Zhu, G., & Qian, K. X. (2017) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2017.01.008 · Cited by 2
Tulandi, T., & Weibel, H. S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-52210-4_16 · Cited by 2
Self-citationRecurrent Implantation Failure
Macklon, N., & Boomsma, C. M. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-98555-3_127-1 · Cited by 3
Müderris, İ. İ., & Öner, G. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/25555 · Cited by 1
“No adverse perinatal outcome following aromatase inhibitor use has yet been reported in the published, peer-reviewed literature, although the authors of a study presented during the American Society for Reproductive Medicine meeting in 2005 reported a higher rate of congenital anomalies with 5 mg anastrozole (24, 25,…”
BackgroundMedical Strategies to Improve ART Outcome: Current Evidence
Boomsma, C. M., & Macklon, N. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511547287.041 · Cited by 1
Letrozole versus Clomiphene Citrate in Patients with Anovulatory Infertility
Paul, P., Gada, D., Parihar, M., & Bhowmik, S. (2009) · Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1038 · Cited by 1
“Gonadotropins are expensive(17,18) and there is scope for reduction in injection dose when combined with ovulation inducing drugs.(6,17-19) Letrozole has been seen to be effective for ovulation induction inpatients who fail to respond adequately to CC.”
BackgroundMedical Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Kabli, N., & Tulandi, T. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511547287.033 · Cited by 1
Self-citationMild Stimulation Protocol for Poor Ovarian Responders Undergoing IVF
Revelli, A., Casano, S., & Benedetto, C. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53454-1_16 · Cited by 1
Current Knowledge on the Use of Letrozole in Ovarian Stimulation
Mangal, S. (2020) · International Journal of Infertility & Fetal Medicine · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10016-1205 · Cited by 1
(2022) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316477021 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Healey, S., Tan, S. L., Tulandi, T., & Biljan, M. M.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Healey, Sarah
- Venue
- Fertility and Sterility
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1325-1329
- ISSN
- 0015-0282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2158299014
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 10.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Fertility and Sterility (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Health and Technologies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- letrozole, superovulation, gonadotropins, intrauterine insemination, infertility, endometrial thickness, follicle count, pregnancy rate, ovulation induction, hCG trigger
- MeSH terms
- Letrozole, Adult, Enzyme Inhibitors, Female, Chorionic Gonadotropin, Hospitals, Teaching, Humans, Insemination, Artificial, Nitriles, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Retrospective Studies, Superovulation, Triazoles, Aromatase Inhibitors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
