The DOI matches its Crossref record; 313 of the 315 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Female reproductive disorders: the roles of endocrine-disrupting compounds and developmental timing
Open accessAbstract
Objective To evaluate the possible role of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) on female reproductive disorders emphasizing developmental plasticity and the complexity of endocrine-dependent ontogeny of reproductive organs. Declining conception rates and the high incidence of female reproductive disruptions warrant evaluation of the impact of EDCs on female reproductive health.Design Publications related to the contribution of EDCs to disorders of the ovary (aneuploidy, polycystic ovary syndrome, and altered cyclicity), uterus (endometriosis, uterine fibroids, fetal growth restriction, and pregnancy loss), breast (breast cancer, reduced duration of lactation), and pubertal timing were identified, reviewed, and summarized at a workshop.Conclusion(s) The data reviewed illustrate that EDCs contribute to numerous human female reproductive disorders and emphasize the sensitivity of early life-stage exposures. Many research gaps are identified that limit full understanding of the contribution of EDCs to female reproductive problems. Moreover, there is an urgent need to reduce the incidence of these reproductive disorders, which can be addressed by correlative studies on early life exposure and adult reproductive dysfunction together with tools to assess the specific exposures and methods to block their effects. This review of the EDC literature as it relates to female health provides an important platform on which women's health can be improved.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Invariably, disruption of steroid hormone action was found to be causal, particularly during critical developmental windows (39–41).”
From Endocrine Disruption of Vasopressin Systems and Related Behaviors (2017) · cites this paper as [40]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Animal studies also show that endometriosis can be promoted by adult exposures to organochlorines, a class of chemicals that includes the dioxin, tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, the pesticides methoxychlor and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and polychlorinated biphenyls with dioxin-like effects.57”
From Defining Future Directions for Endometriosis Research: Workshop Report From the 2011 World Congress of Endometriosis in Montpellier, France (2013) · cites this paper as [57]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Physiology of Reproduction
Legendre, M., & Jalabert, B. (1988) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-109-2-176_1 · Cited by 7,876
Tanner, J. M. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,742
Developmental Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Wildlife and Humans
Colborn, T., Saal, F. S. V., & Soto, A. M. (1993) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.93101378 · Cited by 3,570
Self-citationThe Prevalence and Features of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in an Unselected Population
Azziz, R., Woods, K. S., Reyna, R., Key, T. J., Knochenhauer, E. S., & Yıldız, B. O. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-032046 · Cited by 2,715
Herbst, A. L., Ulfelder, H., & Poskanzer, D. C. (1971) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197104222841604 · Cited by 2,545
Environmental epigenomics and disease susceptibility
Jirtle, R. L., & Skinner, M. K. (2007) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2045 · Cited by 2,492
To err (meiotically) is human: the genesis of human aneuploidy
Hassold, T. J., & Hunt, P. A. (2001) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/35066065 · Cited by 2,456
Self-citationSampson, J. A. (1927) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(15)30003-x · Cited by 2,334
MAEDA, K., OHKURA, S., & Tsukamura, H. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012426400-7/50048-0 · Cited by 2,136
Estrogen Carcinogenesis in Breast Cancer
Yager, J. D., & Davidson, N. E. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra050776 · Cited by 1,890
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–465 of 465
An estimate of phthalate exposure among term pregnant women living in Bucheon: The pilot study
Kim, T.-H., Hong, Y., Lee, H., Chung, S., Yang, Y.-J., Kim, S.-Y., Kho, Y. L., & Kim, J. M. (2011) · Korean Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.5468/kjog.2011.54.3.140
COMPARATIVE SERUM PHTHALATE CONCENTRATIONS IN FERTILE VERSUS INFERTILE MEN AND WOMEN IN SASKATCHEWAN
Roy, S. (2014) · University Library - University of Saskatchewan (University of Saskatchewan)
Fitzgerald, J. B. (2013) · KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)
Batool, A. I. (2012) · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY · doi:10.5897/ajb11.2818
DEVELOPMENT OF A DOMESTIC ANIMAL MODEL OF ENDOMETRIOSIS
Varughese, E. E. (2016) · University Library - University of Saskatchewan (University of Saskatchewan)
Female Reproductive C: Uterine Tumors and the Environment
Nowak, R. A., Bi, J., Koohestani, F., Mesquita, F. S., & Erbach, G. T. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.95678-2
Ramsey, J. M. (2015) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.268
Atrooz, O. M., Alghonmeen, R., & Abukhalil., M. (2017) · International Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.21474/ijar01/3315
Epigenetic landscape of infertility
Bisht, S., Chaurasia, P., Goswami, A., Khan, S., & Dada, R. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814259-2.00013-3
Burney, R. O., & Giudice, L. C. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00130-x
Self-citationDevelopment and maturation of the normal female reproductive system
Woodruff, T. J., Janssen, S. J., Louis J. Guillette, Jr., & Giudice, L. C. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511674686.004
Self-citationAmer, D. A. M. (2011) · Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden)
Serum Diethyl Phthalate Levels in Infertile Females with Endometriosis
Nazir, S., Nazir, I., Khan, R. A., Ahmad, G., Shahzad, M., & Imran, M. (2021) · Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences · doi:10.53350/pjmhs2115123214
Environmental Influences on Endocrine Disease
Mastorakos, G. P., Nezi, M., Μacut, D., & Papagianni, M. (2022) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198870197.003.0010
Williams, N. I. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_129
Effect of Early Exposure on Reproductive Outcomes
Makris, S. L. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.01734-6
Creatsas, G. C., & Mastorakos, G. P. (2011) · doi:10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.1050
THE ROLE OF “MICROBIAL FACTOR” IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADENOMYOSIS (review)
Shcherbyna, M. A., & CHEKHUNOVA, A. O. (2022) · Inter Collegas · doi:10.35339/ic.9.1.59-65
The Role of the Environment in Female Reproductive Disorders
Papalou, O., & Kandaraki, E. (2023) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38366-4_7-1
Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals on Human Health
Lee, J. H., & Cho, S. E. (2023) · Laboratory Medicine Online · doi:10.47429/lmo.2023.13.3.129 · Cited by 1
Herbal Treatment of Female Urogenital Atrophy: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Ritzmann, D. (2024) · Complementary Medicine Research · doi:10.1159/000536193
Bipedalism and the dawn of uterine fibroids
Vilos, G. A., Vilos, A. G., & Burbank, F. H. (2024) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deae005
Childlessness trends at different ages by educational attainment for men and women in FinlandPreprint
Jalovaara, M., & Miettinen, A. (2024) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/tmqhz
Meidyana, S. (2023) · Bali Medical Journal · doi:10.15562/bmj.v12i1.3816
Female Antiestrogen and Antiandrogens
Barakat, R., Park, C., Oh, J., Bunnell, M., & Ko, C. J. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21477-6.00091-2
Jaksa, S., Fachri, M., Andriyani, A., Lusida, N., Ahmad, G., & Labib, M. (2024) · Trends in Immunotherapy · doi:10.24294/ti.v8.i1.6410
Bhandari, R. K., Chakraborty, S., & Faheem, M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21477-6.00175-9
Detection of neutral species: unveiling new targets of interest
Vallejos, S., & Miguel, Á. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13394-7.00021-5
Overview: Environment and Female Reproductive Medicine
Giudice, L. C. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21477-6.00233-9
Self-citationVandenberg, L. N., & Blumberg, B. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95488-4.00140-6
Uterine Tumors and the Environment
Yang, S., Parra-Forero, L. Y., Andrus, A. R., Sexton, C. N., Kuang, D., & Nowak, R. A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-95488-4.00256-4
Histopathological changes in the testes of Albino rat exposed to Endosulfan
Mayea, N. A.-H. R., & Haba, M. K. (2025) · Journal of Research in Pharmacy · doi:10.12991/jrespharm.1693756
Health Impacts of Micro- and Nanoplastics in Humans: Systematic Review of in Vivo EvidencePreprint
Tran, H. A. A., Tang, D. H., Yong, C. T., Ng, J. J., & Ho, A. F. W. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5339071
Exploratory Assessment of Preconception Phthalate Exposure on Fertility and Offspring Health in MicePreprint
Afghah, M., Elkins, A. C., Powell, P. C., Mulligan, M. E., Boland, M. C., Suggs, A. P., Walker, M. A., Padgett, Z. J., & Rock, K. D. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.08.25.671855
Shin, H. D., Jeon, H. K., & Yoo, H. Y. (2025) · Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science · doi:10.7586/jkbns.25.041
Zetterström, M. (2012) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Yao, Z., Lin, M., Lin, T., Gong, X., Qin, P., Li, H., Kang, T., Ye, J., Zhu, Y., Hong, Q., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20296408
Yao, Z., Lin, M., Lin, T., Gong, X., Qin, P., Li, H., Kang, T., Ye, J., Zhu, Y., Hong, Q., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20296405
Nsiah, G. A., Appiah-Effah, E., & Conroy-Ben, O. (2026) · Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d5ew00749f
Environmental factors and female reproduction
Chevalier, N., Braham, I., Hinault, C., & Magnifico, S. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13825-6.00282-x
Lelandais, P. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/7e5b25d1za186z440az9870z7178bc65013a
Nunziato, M. F., Chin, H. B., Krall, J. R., Reynolds, M., Kannan, K., & Pollack, A. Z. (2026) · Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ee9.0000000000000476
Analyse des micro-ARN dans le cadre de l'endométriose : apport clinico-biologique
Dabi, Y. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/ee221eccza824z4ddezbeb8z04286230c430
Electrocoagulation combined with adsorption for wastewater treatment: A systematic review
Esskifati, M., Achoukhi, I., Hammoudani, Y. E., Kasmi, A. E., & Dimane, F. (2026) · CABI Reviews · doi:10.1079/cabireviews.2026.0024
Importancia de la Transformación Digital en las Organizaciones
Cárdenas, J. E. C. (2025) · Dimensión Empresarial · doi:10.15665/0jgkbb60
Williams, N. I. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05988-8_129
Physiopathologie de l’endométriose : plus de pistes que d’arrivées
Dabi, Y., Zerbib, E., Favier, A., Varinot, J., Dahan, M., Ferrier, C., Touboul, C., & Ilic, J. (2026) · EMC - Gynécologie · doi:10.1016/s0246-1064(26)48145-1
Spatially Organized Human Ovarian Spheroids Instruct Endometrial Morphogenesis
Sousa, M. J., Vriendt, S. D., Liu, L., Ruiz, T. F. R., Vankelecom, H. E. J., & Amorim, C. A. (2026) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.76538
Lencu, C. C. G., Gerdanovics, C.-A., Orasan, O. H., Iancu, I., Gerdanovics, A., Perné, M.-G., Milaciu, M. V., Negrean, V., Dobrotă, I. R., & Alexescu, T. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27167311
Songhang, 吴. W., Shang, H., Wang, W., Chen, D., & Wu, W. (2026) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2026.1947419
Ridden, A. D. (2013) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/6519
Persistent organic pollutants and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Grenon, G. L. (2013) · Summit (Simon Fraser University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Crain, D. A., Janssen, S. J., Edwards, T. M., Heindel, J., Ho, S.-M., Hunt, P., Iguchi, T., Juul, A., McLachlan, J. A., Schwartz, J., Skakkebaek, N., Soto, A. M., Swan, S., Walker, C., Woodruff, T. K., Woodruff, T. J., Giudice, L. C., & Guillette, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Maryville College (US)
- Natural Resources Defense Council (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (US)
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- Washington State University (US)
- National Institute for Basic Biology (JP)
- Rigshospitalet (DK)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Guillette, Louis J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Fertility and Sterility
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-10
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 911-940
- ISSN
- 0015-0282 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4086418
- OpenAlex
- W2154968546
- Cited by
- 465
- References
- 315
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 2.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Fertility and Sterility (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30ES006096)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (UL1DE019587)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024926)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U54HD076188, U54HD041857)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- endocrine disruptors, female reproductive disorders, developmental plasticity, early life exposure, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, fetal growth restriction, miscarriage, breast cancer, lactation length, pubertal timing, reproductive disorders
- MeSH terms
- Female, Genital Diseases, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Reproduction, Endocrine Disruptors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review