Expression of orexin-A (hypocretin-A) in the hypothalamus after traumatic brain injury: A postmortem evaluation
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. The key component of TBI pathophysiology is traumatic axonal injury (TAI), commonly referred to as diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Coma is a serious complication which can occur following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recently, studies have shown that the central orexinergic/ hypocretinergic system exhibit prominent arousal promoting actions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate by immunohistochemistry the expression of beta-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP) in white matter of parasagittal region, corpus callosum and brainstem and the expression of orexin-A (ORXA) in the hypothalamus after traumatic brain injury. RESULTS: DAI was found in 26 (53.06%) cases, assessed with β-APP immunohistochemical staining in parasagittal white matter, corpus callosum and brainstem. Orexin-A immunoreactivity in hypothalamus was completely absent in 5 (10.2%) of the cases; moderate reduction of ORXA was observed in 9 (18.4%) of the cases; and severe reduction was observed in 7 (14.3%) of the cases. A statistically significant correlation was found between β-APP immunostaining in white matter, corpus callosum and brainstem in relation to survival time (p < 0.002, p < 0.003 and p < 0.005 respectively). A statistically positive correlation was noted between ORX-A immunoreactivity in hypothalamus to survival time (p < 0.003). An inverse correlation was noted between the expression of β-APP in the re…
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One published article does have a finding related to orexin and TBI, Kousi et al. 2021, but the authors did not think there was sufficient control subject data presented in this work and did not include this study in Table 1.
“One published article does have a finding related to orexin and TBI, Kousi et al. 2021, but the authors did not think there was sufficient control subject data presented in this work and did not include this study in Table 1.”
From Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Orexin/Hypocretin System (2025) · cites this paper as Kousi et al. 2021
The authors acknowledge that Kousi et al. 2021 is within the scope of this review even if the results are not presented in the table due to the lack of control subjects.
“The authors do acknowledge that this study is within the scope of this review even if the results are not presented in the table of the lack of control subjects.”
From Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Orexin/Hypocretin System (2025) · cites this paper as Kousi et al. 2021
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- Authors
- Kousi, C., Lampri, E., Voulgaris, S., Vougiouklakis, T., Galani, V., & Mitselou, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Ioannina (GR)
- Corresponding author
- Galani, Vassiliki
- Venue
- Forensic Science International
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-10
- Volume
- 327
- Pages
- 110961
- ISSN
- 0379-0738 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3194141704
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 0.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Forensic Science International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- traumatic brain injury, orexin-A, orexin, hypothalamus, amyloid precursor protein, diffuse axonal injury, coma, arousal, white matter, corpus callosum, brainstem, postmortem brain, survival time
- MeSH terms
- Orexins, Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Autopsy, Brain Stem, Corpus Callosum, Female, Greece, Humans, Hypothalamus, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Middle Aged, Biomarkers, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Diffuse Axonal Injury, White Matter
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