The DOI matches its Crossref record; 157 of the 157 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Chemistry and analysis of HNE and other prominent carbonyl-containing lipid oxidation compounds
Open accessAbstract
The process of lipid oxidation generates a diverse array of small aldehydes and carbonyl-containing compounds, which may occur in free form or esterified within phospholipids and cholesterol esters. These aldehydes mostly result from fragmentation of fatty acyl chains following radical oxidation, and the products can be subdivided into alkanals, alkenals (usually α,β-unsaturated), γ-substituted alkenals and bis-aldehydes. Isolevuglandins are non-fragmented di-carbonyl compounds derived from H 2-isoprostanes, and oxidation of the ω-3-fatty acid docosahexenoic acid yield analogous 22 carbon neuroketals. Non-radical oxidation by hypochlorous acid can generate α-chlorofatty aldehydes from plasmenyl phospholipids. Most of these compounds are reactive and have generally been considered as toxic products of a deleterious process. The reactivity is especially high for the α,β-unsaturated alkenals, such as acrolein and crotonaldehyde, and for γ-substituted alkenals, of which 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and 4-oxo-2-nonenal are best known. Nevertheless, in recent years several previously neglected aldehydes have been investigated and also found to have significant reactivity and biological effects; notable examples are 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal and 4-hydroxy-dodecadienal. This has led to substantial interest in the biological effects of all of these lipid oxidation products and their roles in disease, including proposals that HNE is a second messenger or signalling molecule. However, it is becoming clear that many of the effects elicited by these compounds relate to their propensity for forming adducts with nucleophilic groups on proteins, DNA and specific phospholipids. This emphasizes the need for good analytical methods, not just for free lipid oxidation products but also for the resulting adducts with biomolecules. The most informative methods are those utilizing HPLC separations and mass spectrometry, although analysis of the wide variety of possible adducts is very challenging. Nevertheless, evidence for the occurrence of lipid-derived aldehyde adducts in biological and clinical samples is building, and offers an exciting area of future research.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, endogenous ROS can react with polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes, which results in the formation of reactive aldehyde byproducts such as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal25.”
From Air Pollution and Skin Diseases (2025) · cites this paper as [25]
Citations
Cites
Free radicals in biology and medicine
Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1991) · General Pharmacology The Vascular System · doi:10.1016/0306-3623(91)90478-o · Cited by 17,178
Free Radicals in the Physiological Control of Cell Function
Dröge, W. (2002) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00018.2001 · Cited by 9,855
Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine
Halliwell, B., & Gutteridge, J. M. C. (2015) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198717478.001.0001 · Cited by 8,990
Ayala, A., Muñoz, M., & Argüelles, S. (2014) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2014/360438 · Cited by 6,837
Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes
Esterbauer, H., Schaur, R. J., & Zollner, H. (1991) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/0891-5849(91)90192-6 · Cited by 6,672
In-gel digestion for mass spectrometric characterization of proteins and proteomes
Shevchenko, A., Tomas, H., Havli, J., Olsen, J. V., & Mann, M. (2006) · Nature Protocols · doi:10.1038/nprot.2006.468 · Cited by 4,947
Rio, D. D., Stewart, A. J., & Pellegrini, N. (2005) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2005.05.003 · Cited by 2,789
Tsikas, D. (2017) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ab.2016.10.021 · Cited by 2,190
Free Radical Lipid Peroxidation: Mechanisms and Analysis
Yin, H., Xu, L., & Porter, N. A. (2011) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr200084z · Cited by 2,031
Low density lipoprotein undergoes oxidative modification in vivo.
Palinski, W., Rosenfeld, M. E., Ylä‐Herttuala, S., Gurtner, G. C., Socher, S. S., Butler, S. W., Parthasarathy, S., Carew, T. E., Steinberg, D. H., & Witztum, J. L. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.4.1372 · Cited by 1,514
Cited by
Sorted by citations
13 reasons why the brain is susceptible to oxidative stress
Cobley, J. N., Fiorello, M. L., & Bailey, D. M. (2018) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2018.01.008 · Cited by 1,215
Measurement and Clinical Significance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Humans
Marrocco, I., Fabio Altieri, F., & Peluso, I. (2017) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2017/6501046 · Cited by 907
Ageing, age-related diseases and oxidative stress: What to do next?
Luo, J., Mills, K., le Cessie, S., Noordam, R., & van Heemst, D. (2020) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2019.100982 · Cited by 581
“Furthermore, lipid radicals generated during oxidation processes can form a myriad of deleterious end products, including reactive aldehydes, alkanes and alkenes (Sousa et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMelatonin and its metabolites vs oxidative stress: From individual actions to collective protection
Galano, A., & Reiter, R. J. (2018) · Journal of Pineal Research · doi:10.1111/jpi.12514 · Cited by 365
Galano, A., & Alvarez-Idaboy, J. R. (2018) · International Journal of Quantum Chemistry · doi:10.1002/qua.25665 · Cited by 287
Metadata
- Authors
- Sousa, B. C., Pitt, A. R., & Spickett, C. M.
- Affiliations
- Aston University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Spickett, Corinne M.
- Venue
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-10
- Volume
- 111
- Pages
- 294-308
- ISSN
- 0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2586966505
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 157
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 2.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- European Commission (675132)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
- Keywords
- lipid oxidation, alkenals, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, isolevuglandins, docosahexaenoic acid, hypochlorous acid, protein adducts, DNA adducts, acrolein, crotonaldehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, lipid peroxidation
- MeSH terms
- Acrolein, Aldehydes, Animals, Humans, Lactoglobulins, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Lipid Peroxidation, Oxidative Stress, Isoprostanes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
