Natural oxidation of black carbon in soils: Changes in molecular form and surface charge along a climosequence

Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change

Davidson, E. A., & Janssens, I. A. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04514 · Cited by 6,919

Bio-char Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems – A Review

Lehmann, J., Gaunt, J., & Rondon, M. (2006) · Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change · doi:10.1007/s11027-005-9006-5 · Cited by 3,053

Some aspects of the surface chemistry of carbon blacks and other carbons

Boehm, H. (1994) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/0008-6223(94)90031-0 · Cited by 2,923

A handful of carbon

Lehmann, J. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/447143a · Cited by 2,477

Black Carbon Increases Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils

Liang, B., Lehmann, J., Solomon, D., Kinyangi, J., Grossman, J., O'Neill, B., Skjemstad, J. O., Thies, J., Luizão, F. J., Petersen, J., et al. (2006) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj2005.0383 · Cited by 2,191

Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin: fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments

Lehmann, J., Pereira da Silva, J., Steiner, C., Nehls, T., Zech, W., & Glaser, B. (2003) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1023/a:1022833116184 · Cited by 1,878

Bio-energy in the black

Lehmann, J. (2007) · Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment · doi:10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[381:bitb]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 1,714

Black carbon in soils and sediments: Analysis, distribution, implications, and current challenges

Schmidt, M. W., & Noack, A. G. (2000) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/1999gb001208 · Cited by 1,333

Oxidation of black carbon by biotic and abiotic processes

Cheng, C.-H., Lehmann, J., Thies, J. E., Burton, S. D., & Engelhard, M. H. (2006) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.06.022 · Cited by 1,129

The 'Terra Preta' phenomenon: a model for sustainable agriculture in the humid tropics

Glaser, B., Haumaier, L., Guggenberger, G., & Zech, W. (2001) · Die Naturwissenschaften · doi:10.1007/s001140000193 · Cited by 1,106

How does fire affect the nature and stability of soil organic nitrogen and carbon? A review

Knicker, H. (2007) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-007-9104-4 · Cited by 877

Chemical composition and bioavailability of thermally altered Pinus resinosa (Red pine) wood

Baldock, J., & Smernik, R. J. (2002) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0146-6380(02)00062-1 · Cited by 870

Black (pyrogenic) carbon: a synthesis of current knowledge and uncertainties with special consideration of boreal regions

Preston, C., & Schmidt, M. (2006) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-3-397-2006 · Cited by 720

Interactive priming of black carbon and glucose mineralisation

Hamer, U., Marschner, B., Brodowski, S., & Amelung, W. (2004) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2004.03.003 · Cited by 607

The Mineralogy, Chemistry, and Physics of Tropical Soils with Variable Charge Clays

Uehara, G., & Gillman, G. P. (1985) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-198504000-00019 · Cited by 534

Black carbon in density fractions of anthropogenic soils of the Brazilian Amazon region

Glaser, B., Balashov, E. V., Haumaier, L., Guggenberger, G., & Zech, W. (2000) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0146-6380(00)00044-9 · Cited by 518

Evidence for the protonation of basal plane sites on carbon

y Leon, C. A. L., Solar, J. M., Calemma, V., & Radović, L. R. (1992) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/0008-6223(92)90164-r · Cited by 515

Formation, transformation and transport of black carbon (charcoal) in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems

FORBES, M. S., Raison, R. J., & Skjemstad, J. O. (2006) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.06.007 · Cited by 513

Activated carbon surface modifications by adsorption of bacteria and their effect on aqueous lead adsorption

Rivera-Utrilla, J., Bautista-Toledo, I., Ferro-Garcı́a, M. A., & Moreno‐Castilla, C. (2001) · Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology · doi:10.1002/jctb.506 · Cited by 509

Black carbon in the environment

Goldberg, E. D. (1985) · Cited by 387

Morphological and chemical properties of black carbon in physical soil fractions as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

Brodowski, S., Amelung, W., Haumaier, L., Abetz, C., & Zech, W. (2005) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.12.019 · Cited by 376

Controls on black carbon storage in soils

CZIMCZIK, C. I., & Masiello, C. A. (2007) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2006gb002798 · Cited by 373

Toward a global estimate of black carbon in residues of vegetation fires representing a sink of atmospheric CO2and a source of O2

Kuhlbusch, T. A. J., & Crutzen, P. J. (1995) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/95gb02742 · Cited by 372

Direct molecular evidence for the degradation and mobility of black carbon in soils from ultrahigh-resolution mass spectral analysis of dissolved organic matter from a fire-impacted forest soil

Hockaday, W. C., Grannas, A. M., Kim, S., & Hatcher, P. G. (2006) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.11.003 · Cited by 350

FTIR spectroscopy and reflectance of modern charcoals and fungal decayed woods: implications for studies of inertinite in coals

Guo, Y., & Bustin, R. M. (1998) · International Journal of Coal Geology · doi:10.1016/s0166-5162(98)00019-6 · Cited by 319

Near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy for mapping nano‐scale distribution of organic carbon forms in soil: Application to black carbon particles

Lehmann, J., Liang, B., Solomon, D., Lerotic, M., Luizão, F., Kinyangi, J., Schäfer, T., Wirick, S., & Jacobsen, C. (2005) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/2004gb002435 · Cited by 319

Stability of elemental carbon in a savanna soil

Bird, M. I., Moyo, C. S., VEENENDAAL, E. M., Lloyd, J., & Frost, P. G. H. (1999) · Global Biogeochemical Cycles · doi:10.1029/1999gb900067 · Cited by 288

Adsorption of Cadmium Ions on Oxygen Surface Sites in Activated Carbon

Jia, Y., & Thomas, K. M. (1999) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la990436w · Cited by 268

Fire in Forestry.

Whitmore, T. C., Chandler, C., Cheney, P., Thomas, P., Traband, L., & Williams, D. E. (1984) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.2307/2259557 · Cited by 253

Modern and fossil charcoal: aspects of structure and diagenesis

Cohen‐Ofri, I., Weiner, L. M., Boaretto, E., Mintz, G., & Weiner, S. (2005) · Journal of Archaeological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jas.2005.08.008 · Cited by 241

Radiocarbon Dating of Total Soil Organic Matter and Humin Fraction and Its Comparison with 14 C Ages of Fossil Charcoal

Pessenda, L. C. R., Gouveia, S. E. M., & Aravena, R. (2001) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200041242 · Cited by 229

Surface charge evolution of mineral-organic complexes during pedogenesis in Hawaiian basalt

Chorover, J., Amistadi, M. K., & Chadwick, O. A. (2004) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.06.005 · Cited by 227

Contribution to the study of basic surface groups on carbons

Papírer, E., Li, S., & Donnet, J. (1987) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/0008-6223(87)90122-9 · Cited by 217

Black carbon—possible source of highly aromatic components of soil humic acids

Haumaier, L., & Zech, W. (1995) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/0146-6380(95)00003-w · Cited by 215

Preferential erosion of black carbon on steep slopes with slash and burn agriculture

Rumpel, C., Chaplot, V. A. M., Planchon, O., Bernadou, J., Valentin, C., & Mariotti, A. A. (2005) · CATENA · doi:10.1016/j.catena.2005.09.005 · Cited by 191

Particle-Size Evidence for Source Areas of Charcoal Accumulation in Late Holocene Sediments of Eastern North American Lakes

Clark, J. S., & Royall, P. D. (1995) · Quaternary Research · doi:10.1006/qres.1995.1008 · Cited by 191

Analysis of chemical structure of wood charcoal by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Nishimiya, K., Hata, T., Imamura, Y., & Ishihara, S. (1998) · Journal of Wood Science · doi:10.1007/bf00521875 · Cited by 176

Chemistry and physics of carbon

Coughlin, R. W. (1971) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/0008-6223(71)90037-6 · Cited by 174

Characterization of humic like substances obtained by chemical oxidation of eucalyptus charcoal

Trompowsky, P. M., Benites, V. D. M., Madari, B. E., Pimenta, A. S., Hockaday, W. C., & Hatcher, P. G. (2005) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.08.001 · Cited by 142

Surface charge characteristics of kaolinitic tropical soils

Chorover, J., & Sposito, G. (1995) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(94)00357-2 · Cited by 125

Forest fire behavior and effects

Chandler, C. C. (1983) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 117

FTIR studies of Saran chars

Starsinic, M., Taylor, R. L., Walker, P. L., Jr., & Painter, P. C. (1983) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/0008-6223(83)90158-6 · Cited by 109

Black carbon in the environment

Benarie, M. M. (1986) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/0048-9697(86)90216-0 · Cited by 105

06/01512 Characterization of humic like substances obtained by chemical oxidation of eucalyptus charcoal

(2006) · Fuel and Energy Abstracts · doi:10.1016/s0140-6701(06)81518-3 · Cited by 104

Importance of charcoal in determining the age and chemistry of organic carbon in surface soils

Krull, E. S., Swanston, C. W., Skjemstad, J. O., & McGowan, J. A. (2006) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2006jg000194 · Cited by 100

Elementary composition, humus composition, and decomposition in soil of charred grassland plants

Shindo, H. (1991) · Soil Science & Plant Nutrition · doi:10.1080/00380768.1991.10416933 · Cited by 90

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of carbon fibre surfaces. III—Industrially treated fibres and the effect of heat and exposure to oxygen

Proctor, A., & Sherwood, P. M. A. (1982) · Surface and Interface Analysis · doi:10.1002/sia.740040508 · Cited by 76

Comparison of the Titration and Ion Adsorption Methods for Surface Charge Measurement in Oxisols

Marcano‐Martinez, E., & McBride, M. B. (1989) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj1989.03615995005300040009x · Cited by 74

IR studies of carbons—III

Morterra, C., Low, M. J., & Severdia, A. G. (1984) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/0008-6223(84)90127-1 · Cited by 62

The adsorption of oxygen on brown coal char

Allardice, D. J. (1966) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/0008-6223(66)90087-x · Cited by 60

Chemical characteristics of soil fulvic acids fractionated using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)

Watanabe, A., & Kuwatsuka, S. (1992) · Soil Science & Plant Nutrition · doi:10.1080/00380768.1992.10416949 · Cited by 47

Oxygen Complexes on Charcoal1a

Weller, S. W., & Young, T. F. (1948) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01192a053 · Cited by 30

Pennsylvania Iron Manufacture in the Eighteenth Century

Bining, A. C. (1939) · The William and Mary Quarterly · doi:10.2307/1923056 · Cited by 23

The growth of surface oxygen complexes on the surface of activated carbon exposed to moist air and their effect on methyl iodide-131 retention

Billinge, B. H. M., & Evans, M. G. (1984) · Journal de Chimie Physique · doi:10.1051/jcp/1984810779 · Cited by 15

SURFACE OXIDATION OF CHARCOAL AT ORDINARY TEMPERATURES

Puri, B. R. (1962) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-009707-7.50027-3 · Cited by 14

200 Years of Soot and Sweat: The History and Archeology of Vermont's Iron, Charcoal, and Lime Industries

Seely, B. E., & Rolando, V. R. (1995) · Technology and Culture · doi:10.2307/3106385 · Cited by 9

Charcoal production: a handbook.

Hollingdale, A. C., Krishnan, R. P., & Robinson, A. P. (1991) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · Cited by 8

Biochar effects on soil biota – A review

Lehmann, J., Rillig, M. C., Thies, J., Masiello, C. A., Hockaday, W. C., & Crowley, D. (2011) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.022 · Cited by 5,074

Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils: a review

Atkinson, C. J., Fitzgerald, J. D., & Hipps, N. A. (2010) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/s11104-010-0464-5 · Cited by 2,154

The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures

Yuan, J.-H., Xu, R.-K., & Zhang, H. (2011) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.018 · Cited by 2,029

A comparative review of biochar and hydrochar in terms of production, physico-chemical properties and applications

Kambo, H. S., & Dutta, A. (2015) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.050 · Cited by 1,746

Biochar and its effects on plant productivity and nutrient cycling: A meta-analysis

Biederman, L. A., & Harpole, W. S. (2013) · GCB Bioenergy · doi:10.1111/gcbb.12037 · Cited by 1,737

Preliminary study of surface chemical properties and transform of black carbon in soils.

Zhang, M., Wang, H., & Zheng, S. (2009) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · doi:10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2009.03.008 · Cited by 2

Oxidation of black carbon by biotic and abiotic processes

Cheng, C.-H., Lehmann, J., Thies, J. E., Burton, S. D., & Engelhard, M. H. (2006) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.06.022 · Cited by 1,129

Long-term black carbon dynamics in cultivated soil

Nguyen, B. T., Lehmann, J. C., Kinyangi, J. M., Smernik, R. J., Riha, S. J., & Engelhard, M. (2008) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-008-9220-9 · Cited by 317

Oxidation is Key for Black Carbon Surface Functionality and Nutrient Retention in Amazon Anthrosols

Liang, B., Wang, C., Solomon, D., Kinyangi, J. M., & Luizão, F. J. (2013) · British Journal of Environment and Climate Change · doi:10.9734/bjecc/2013/2267 · Cited by 18

ORIGINAL PAPER Long-term black carbon dynamics in cultivated soil

Riha, S. J., Mark, Æ., Engelhard, H., Lehmann, B. T. N. J., Kinyangi, J., Smernik, R., Riha, S. J., & Engelhard, M. H. (2011)