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Meeting global land restoration and protection targets: What would the world look like in 2050?
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“However, increasing forest areas also led to the contraction and further intensification of cropland and pastureland, in some scenarios causing negative impacts on many carbon and biodiversity hotspots in the Americas, India, and Indonesia due to land-use displacement (Section 4.2).”
From Restoring Degraded Lands (2021) · cites this paper as [130]
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“They found that meeting these targets would require an increase in global tree cover of 4 million km² that would increase forest carbon stocks by 50 Gt and protect 28% of the terrestrial surface with high biodiversity and carbon values.”
From Restoring Degraded Lands (2021) · cites this paper as [130]
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Combatting global grassland degradation
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“…Keenan et al. (2015), Núñez et al. (2010) Reforestation and forest restoration >3 Mkm2 suitable for restoration Medium confidence UNCCD (2013), Wolff et al. (2018), Bastin et al. (2019) Afforestation up to 25.8 Mkm2 by the end of the century Low confidence Griscom et al. (2017),…”
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“Although climate change is coming to dominate the processes of global environmental change as it continues to accelerate, interactions between land use and climate change, and the role of land use as both a driver of and a solution to climate change, are becoming even more important (12, 125).”
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Self-citationHow feasible are global forest restoration commitments?
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“Still, the possibility that some countries will fall short is undeniable, and has important ramifications for climate change, biodiversity conservation, and rural livelihoods (Wolff et al., 2018).”
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Forest landscape restoration: state of play
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Modelling food security: Bridging the gap between the micro and the macro scale
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Self-citationHabitat loss, extinction predictability and conservation efforts in the terrestrial ecoregions
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“Minnemeyer et al (2014) estimate that there is close to 1.5 billion ha of degraded land that may be restored through mosaic restoration using tree-based systems (e.g. agroforestry schemes) (Laestadius et al 2015; Wolff et al 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialAmbitious global targets for mangrove and seagrass recovery
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Carbon removals from nature restoration are no substitute for steep emission reductions
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“55 A number of restoration frameworks have been proposed to guide policy decisions by minimizing trade-offs between ecological restoration and production, 15 assessing optimal land use be-tween carbon storage and growing food, 56 or incorporating a socio-ecological systems framework into…”
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“Forest landscape restoration (FLR) has emerged in this context to address complex environmental challenges associated with biodiversity conservation, landuse change and regional development (Wolff et al. 2018).”
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Mappin, B., Ward, A., Hughes, L., Watson, J. E. M., Cosier, P., & Possingham, H. P. (2021) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2664.14008 · Cited by 49
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“…of the CLUMondo model, please refer to publications by its developers (e.g., Pouzols et al., 2014; Eitelberg et al., 2016; van Vliet et al., 2017; Wolff et al., 2018; Debonne et al., 2019), especially their brief introduction to the beginners of the model (van Vliet and Verburg, 2018).”
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“CLUMondo is a dynamic and spatially explicit model designed to simulate changes in the spatial allocation of land systems (Malek et al., 2018; Schulze et al., 2021; Van Asselen and Verburg, 2013; Wolff et al., 2018).”
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Bamboo as a sustainable crop for land restoration in India: challenges and opportunities
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“These methodologies include land restoration (Wolff et al., 2018), environmental restoration (Mattila et al., 2020; Zou, 2019), forest restoration (Stanturf et al., 2014), flood restoration (Rampinelli et al., 2020), and restoration ecology (Higgs et al., 2014).”
Integrated modeling of nature’s role in human well-being: A research agenda
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Benefits, potential and risks of China's grassland ecosystem conservation and restoration
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Gaining public engagement to restore coral reef ecosystems in the face of acute crisis
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“A shift from a mosaic land system to a land system dominated by one land use type is referred to as specialization (Wolff et al. 2018).”
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Assessing the impact of global initiatives on current and future land restoration scenarios in India
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Representing responses to climate change in spatial land system models
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“Ecological restoration is a strategic mainstay to mitigate climate change and counter biodiversity loss and receives ample attention in the global environmental agenda (Wolff et al. 2018).”
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“The global extent and magnitude of anthropogenic disturbance are unprecedented, and widespread preservation and restoration efforts are needed to avert or reverse losses in biodiversity and ecosystem function (Wolff et al., 2018).”
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“…enhancing environmental sustainability outcomes such as carbon sequestration, water quality enhancement, and biodiversity conservation through pathways like tree planting and restocking (Cheng et al., 2019; Lepcha et al., 2019; Miller & Hajjar, 2020; Miller et al., 2017, 2022; Wolff et al., 2018).”
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“However, in recent years, there have been some attempts to move beyond exploratory scenarios with several studies (Murray-Rust et al. 2013; Wolff et al. 2018; Wu et al. 2019; Schirpke et al. 2020; Peng et al. 2021) including scenarios framing environmentally positive outcomes although none of these…”
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Contribution of species and functional richness to carbon storage in eucalypt woodland restoration
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Integrated high-resolution, continental-scale land change forecasting
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BackgroundCommunity assembly as a basis for tropical forest restoration in a global change scenarioPreprint
Meira‐Neto, J. A. A., de Oliveira-Júnior, N. D., Silva, N., de Oliveira‐Filho, A. T., Bueno, M. L., Pontara, V., & Gastauer, M. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.04.04.022400 · Cited by 5
Dahanayake, H. D., Dahanayaka, D. D. G. L., Hudson, P., & Wickramasinghe, D. (2024) · Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management · doi:10.15243/jdmlm.2024.114.6441 · Cited by 5
Cai, L., Ding, G. D., Qu, M., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125235 · Cited by 4
Endangered species’ trait responses to environmental variability in agricultural settings
Nikolić, T., Arok, M., Radišić, D., Mirč, M., Velaja, L., Milić, D., & Ćirović, D. (2019) · Archives of Biological Sciences · doi:10.2298/abs190715061n · Cited by 4
Becoming a global citizen: Belief vs. action
Wingenbach, G., Graham, T., & Gomez, N. (2023) · Advancements in Agricultural Development · doi:10.37433/aad.v4i1.247 · Cited by 4
Soil health management strategies for climate-resilient agriculture
Joshi, N., Jinger, D., Joshi, S., Joshi, E., Sharma, J. K., Paramesha, V., Meena, V. S., Kumar, S., Verma, M., SINGH, S. P., et al. (2026) · Discover Soil. · doi:10.1007/s44378-026-00194-0 · Cited by 3
A Scenario-Based Simulation of Land System Changes on Dietary Changes: A Case Study in China
Huang, J., Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2019) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su11195196 · Cited by 3
Matias, D. M., Kim, H., Anticamara, J. A., Matias, K. M. S., & Tibig, L. V. (2021) · Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2021.04.004 · Cited by 3
Modelling land use dynamics in socio-ecological systems: A case study in the UK uplands
Termansen, M., Chapman, D. S., Quinn, C. H., Fraser, E., Jin, N., Beharry-Borg, N., & Hubacek, K. (2019) · Advances in ecological research/Advances in Ecological Research · doi:10.1016/bs.aecr.2019.03.002 · Cited by 3
Estimation of grassland canopy cover at quadrat and plot scales using multi-scale UAV imagery
Wang, Y., Wan, H., Wang, D., Gao, J., Hu, Z., Wang, J., Wan, F., Yang, B., Zhang, Z., Bian, M., et al. (2025) · Science of Remote Sensing · doi:10.1016/j.srs.2025.100312 · Cited by 3
Chang, Z., Wang, J., Xiong, X., Jiang, J., Wu, J., Chen, S., Li, J., Zhang, S., Ji, G., & Qian, B. (2025) · Frontiers in Earth Science · doi:10.3389/feart.2025.1684333 · Cited by 2
“As a key factor connecting the natural environment and socio-economy, land-use has become a research hotspot for predicting and modelling the future land conditions under SSPs framework (Riahi et al., 2017; Sarah et al., 2018; Stehfest et al., 2019; Wong et al., 2020).”
Tian, Y., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2026) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2026.108258 · Cited by 2
Schiefer, J., Lair, G. J., Mueller, L., & Blum, W. E. H. (2021) · Innovations in landscape research · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67448-9_12 · Cited by 2
Salvia, R., Colantoni, A., Bianchini, L., Egidi, G., Polinesi, G., Salvati, L., & Quaranta, G. (2022) · Economies · doi:10.3390/economies10020050 · Cited by 5
“A refined profile of local communities contributes to ascertain the latent socioeconomic patterns and processes at the base of desertification risk in developed countries (Esposito et al. 2016; Wolff et al. 2018; Zambon et al. 2018; Destek and Sarkodie 2019).”
BackgroundSiddesh, R., Pathak, H. K., Chavan, S. B., Halli, H. M., Kakade, V. D., Morade, A., Salunkhe, S., Nangare, D. D., Salunkhe, V. N., Singh, A. K., et al. (2025) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180409 · Cited by 2
Global Environment Outlook – GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People
McClain, S. N., McMullen, C., Abiodun, B. J., Armiento, G., Bailey, R., Balasubramanian, R., Barra, R., Bowen, K. J., Crump, J., Dankelman, I., et al. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108627146 · Cited by 748
Dhaouadi, L., & Haj-Amor, Z. (2025) · Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration · doi:10.1007/s41207-025-00959-z · Cited by 2
“Such measures are strongly needed to ensure water and food security, conserve biodiversity, and mitigate climate change by sustainably managing forests, combating desertification, and reversing land degradation (Wolff et al. 2018).”
Giliba, R. A. (2026) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2026.107997 · Cited by 1
Pathways Toward Sustainable Development
Environment, U. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108627146.028
Du, Z., Kang, B., Yan, W., Li, L., Zhang, J., Shi, Z., Meng, W., & Li, H. (2024) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2024.110908 · Cited by 1
Planning Effective Conservation Landscapes for Nature and People: An Editorial Overview
Bertzky, B., Corrigan, C. M., & Snyman, S. (2022) · Land · doi:10.3390/land11071028 · Cited by 1
Meira‐Neto, J. A. A., de Oliveira-Júnior, N. D., Silva, N., de Oliveira‐Filho, A. T., Bueno, M. L., Pontara, V., & Gastauer, M. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-61798/v1 · Cited by 1
“…and phylogenetic diversities (Temperton et al. 2005; Li et al. 2018), safeguarding community stability and the performance of ecosystem services (Pillar et al. 2013; Kang et al. 2018), especially in global changing scenarios (Bakker and Wilson 2004; Harris et al. 2006; Wolff et al. 2018).”
BackgroundIntegrated High-Resolution, Continental-Scale Land Change ForecastingPreprint
Calderón-Loor, M. R., Hadjikakou, M., Hewitt, R. J., Marcos-Martínez, R., & Bryan, B. A. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4182415 · Cited by 1
From challenges to opportunities in abandoned farmlands
Fayet, C. M. J. (2023) · doi:10.5463/thesis.355 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Wolff, S., Schrammeijer, E. A., Schulp, C. J. E., & Verburg, P. H.
- Affiliations
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Wolff, Sarah
- Venue
- Global Environmental Change
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-09
- Volume
- 52
- Pages
- 259-272
- ISSN
- 0959-3780 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2888961749
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 15
- FWCI
- 6.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Global Environmental Change (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- DORA WSL (Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- European Research Council (311819)
- European Commission (603416, LUC4C, 308393)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Social Sciences › Development › Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development
- Keywords
- land restoration, land system change, land cover change, tree cover, forest carbon stocks, cropland expansion, cropland intensification, biodiversity hotspots, carbon storage, Sustainable Development Goals, Convention on Biological Diversity, UNCCD, Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, food production demand, land use policy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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