Ecosystem services and agriculture: tradeoffs and synergies
Open accessAbstract
Agricultural ecosystems provide humans with food, forage, bioenergy and pharmaceuticals and are essential to human wellbeing. These systems rely on ecosystem services provided by natural ecosystems, including pollination, biological pest control, maintenance of soil structure and fertility, nutrient cycling and hydrological services. Preliminary assessments indicate that the value of these ecosystem services to agriculture is enormous and often underappreciated. Agroecosystems also produce a variety of ecosystem services, such as regulation of soil and water quality, carbon sequestration, support for biodiversity and cultural services. Depending on management practices, agriculture can also be the source of numerous disservices, including loss of wildlife habitat, nutrient runoff, sedimentation of waterways, greenhouse gas emissions, and pesticide poisoning of humans and non-target species. The tradeoffs that may occur between provisioning services and other ecosystem services and disservices should be evaluated in terms of spatial scale, temporal scale and reversibility. As more effective methods for valuing ecosystem services become available, the potential for ‘win–win’ scenarios increases. Under all scenarios, appropriate agricultural management practices are critical to realizing the benefits of ecosystem services and reducing disservices from agricultural activities.
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Agroecological practices rely on the hypothesis that modifying the agroecosystem by restoring the agro-landscape structure and processes redefines delivery of ecosystem services.
“Agroecological practices rely on the hypothesis that modifying the agroecosystem by restoring the agro-landscape structure and processes redefines delivery of ecosystem services (ES), some of which are crucial to the long-term performance of agriculture (e.g., natural pest control and natural soil fertility) [6-8].”
From How Are Landscapes under Agroecological Transition Perceived and Appreciated? A Belgian Case Study (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
Some ecosystem services are crucial to the long-term performance of agriculture (e.g., natural pest control and natural soil fertility).
“Agroecological practices rely on the hypothesis that modifying the agroecosystem by restoring the agro-landscape structure and processes redefines delivery of ecosystem services (ES), some of which are crucial to the long-term performance of agriculture (e.g., natural pest control and natural soil fertility) [6-8].”
From How Are Landscapes under Agroecological Transition Perceived and Appreciated? A Belgian Case Study (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
Agricultural expansion and intensification are major drivers of habitat and biodiversity loss, soil and freshwater degradation, environmental pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions worldwide.
“Agricultural expansion and intensification are considered major drivers of habitat and biodiversity loss, soil and freshwater degradation, environmental pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions worldwide (1, 2).”
From Agricultural diversification promotes multiple ecosystem services without compromising yield (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
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- Authors
- Power, A. G.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Power, Alison G.
- ORCID
- Power, Alison G.
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2010-09-27
- Volume
- 365
- Issue
- 1554
- Pages
- 2959-2971
- ISSN
- 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2970
- PMC
- PMC2935121
- OpenAlex
- W2114735032
- Cited by
- 2,334
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 146 · 2025: 161 · 2024: 163 · 2023: 141 · 2022: 196 · 2021: 219 · 2020: 194 · 2019: 174 · 2018: 184 · 2017: 166 · 2016: 148 · 2015: 154 · 2014: 116 · 2013: 88 · 2012: 61
- FWCI
- 7.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Socioeconomics of Resources and Conservation
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Agroforestry and silvopastoral systems
- Keywords
- ecosystem services, agriculture, agroecosystems, ecosystem disservices, pollination, biological control, soil fertility, nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, biodiversity, cultural ecosystem services, nutrient runoff, sedimentation, greenhouse gas emissions, pesticide contamination, agricultural management practices, ecosystem services valuation
- MeSH terms
- Agriculture, Conservation of Natural Resources, Humans, Ecosystem, Biodiversity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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