Intra-urban societal vulnerability to extreme heat: The role of heat exposure and the built environment, socioeconomics, and neighborhood stability
Abstract
Extreme heat is an important weather hazard associated with excess mortality and morbidity. We determine the relative importance of heat exposure and the built environment, socioeconomic vulnerability, and neighborhood stability for heat mortality (Philadelphia, PA, USA) or heat distress (Phoenix, AZ, USA), using an ecologic study design. We use spatial Generalized Linear and Mixed Models to account for non-independence (spatial autocorrelation) between neighboring census block groups. Failing to account for spatial autocorrelation can provide misleading statistical results. Phoenix neighborhoods with more heat exposure, Black, Hispanic, linguistically and socially isolated residents, and vacant households made more heat distress calls. Philadelphia heat mortality neighborhoods were more likely to have low housing values and a higher proportion of Black residents. Our methodology can identify important risk factors and geographic areas to target interventions.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Research linking intracity differences in heat exposure to sociodemographic factors has typically been done in an ad hoc manner for a small number of individual cities.
“Instead, research linking intracity differences in heat exposure to sociodemographic factors has typically been done in an ad hoc manner for a small number of individual cities23,29–32.”
From Disproportionate exposure to urban heat island intensity across major US cities (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
Evidence suggests that extreme heat-related morbidity and mortality in cities disproportionately affect marginalized groups.
“Although evidence suggests that extreme heat-related morbidity and mortality in cities disproportionately affect marginalized groups27–30”
From Disproportionate exposure to urban heat island intensity across major US cities (2021) · cites this paper as [29]
Cites
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-3338 · Cited by 35,305 · see citing works
More Intense, More Frequent, and Longer Lasting Heat Waves in the 21st Century
Meehl, G. A., & Tebaldi, C. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1098704 · Cited by 4,322 · see citing works
Mortality in a Cohort of Homeless Adults in Philadelphia
Hibbs, J. R., Benner, L., Klugman, L., Spencer, R., Macchia, I., Mellinger, A. K., & Fife, D. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199408043310506 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Socioeconomic indicators of heat-related health risk supplemented with remotely sensed data
Johnson, D. P., Wilson, J. S., & Luber, G. C. (2009) · International Journal of Health Geographics · doi:10.1186/1476-072x-8-57 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gascon, M., Triguero-Mas, M., Martínez, D., Dadvand, P., Forns, J., Plasència, A., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. (2015) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph120404354 · Cited by 1,171 · see citing works
Hoffman, J. S., Shandas, V., & Pendleton, N. (2020) · Climate · doi:10.3390/cli8010012 · Cited by 842 · see citing works
Disproportionate exposure to urban heat island intensity across major US cities
Hsu, A., Sheriff, G., Chakraborty, T., & Manya, D. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-22799-5 · Cited by 846 · see citing works
Voelkel, J., Hellman, D., Sakuma, R., & Shandas, V. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15040640 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Tapia, C., Abajo, B., Feliu, E., Mendizabal, M., Martinez, J. A., Fernández, J. G., Laburu, T., & Lejarazu, A. (2017) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.02.040 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
A Case-Only Study of Vulnerability to Heat Wave–Related Mortality in New York City (2000–2011)
Madrigano, J., Ito, K., Johnson, S., Kinney, P. L., & Matte, T. (2015) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.1408178 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Dimitrova, A., Ingole, V., Basagaña, X., Ranzani, O., Milà, C., Ballester, J., & Tonne, C. (2021) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106170 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Urban tree canopy has greater cooling effects in socially vulnerable communities in the US
Zhou, W., Huang, G., Pickett, S. T. A., Wang, J., Cadenasso, M. L., McPhearson, T., Grove, J. M., & Wang, J. (2021) · One Earth · doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2021.11.010 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Climate change vulnerability assessment in Georgia
KC, B., Shepherd, J. M., & Gaither, C. J. (2015) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.04.007 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Xiang, Z., Qin, H., He, B.-J., Han, G., & Chen, M. (2022) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2022.103792 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Sarofim, M. C., Saha, S., Hawkins, M. D., Mills, D. M., Hess, J., Horton, R., Kinney, P., Schwartz, J., & St. Juliana, A. (2016) · doi:10.7930/j0mg7mdx · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationHo, H. C., Knudby, A., Chi, G., Aminipouri, M., & Lai, D. Y.-F. (2018) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2018.04.015 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Extreme Heat Vulnerability of Subsidized Housing Residents in California
Gabbe, C. J., & Pierce, G. (2020) · Housing Policy Debate · doi:10.1080/10511482.2020.1768574 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Zuhra, S. S., Tabinda, A. B., & Yasar, A. (2019) · International Journal of Biometeorology · doi:10.1007/s00484-019-01784-0 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Houghton, A., & Castillo-Salgado, C. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16040663 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Uejio, C. K., Wilhelmi, O. V., Golden, J. S., Mills, D. M., Gulino, S. P., & Samenow, J. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research (US)
- Duke University (US)
- Philadelphia Department of Public Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Uejio, Christopher K.
- Venue
- Health & Place
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 498-507
- ISSN
- 1353-8292 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2056584785
- Cited by
- 504
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 6.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Health & Place (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Arizona Department of Health Services
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Heat Island Mitigation
- Keywords
- extreme heat, heat vulnerability, heat exposure, built environment, socioeconomic vulnerability, neighborhood stability, heat-related mortality, spatial autocorrelation, Black residents, residential property values, Philadelphia, Phoenix
- MeSH terms
- Arizona, Climate, Environmental Exposure, Housing, Humans, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, ROC Curve, Socioeconomic Factors, Urban Population, Philadelphia, Linear Models, Heat Stress Disorders, Vulnerable Populations, Extreme Heat
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
