Highly Reflective Silver Mirror Enhanced by Several Dielectric Films Prepared under the Low Substrate Temperature
Open accessAbstract
Optical paths in telescopes frequently incorporate silver mirrors for high sensitivity. Unfortunately, silver mirrors without protective coatings are susceptible to sulfurization and oxidation, compromising their quality. Even with protective layers, insufficient adhesion between the coating and the silver film can lead to peeling, exposing the silver to external environments and affecting its quality. This study aimed to identify dielectric materials with superior adhesion to silver, rendering them ideal choices for silver coating applications. By electron gun evaporation, different dielectric layers were deposited on the top and bottom of the silver film under a substrate temperature below 150 °C. These coatings were composed of materials with desired refractive indices, including aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), aluminum-doped silicon, magnesium fluoride (MgF 2 ), and other dielectrics. Following the deposition, a tape adhesion test was conducted to evaluate the bond strength of the samples. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was carried out to investigate the interaction between silver and its neighboring layers. The results revealed that Al 2 O 3 and MgF 2 exhibited exceptional adhesion to silver. Moreover, these multilayer coatings can effectively enhance the reflectance of silver in the visible (VIS) wavelength ranges.
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Dielectric thin films are better suited than metallic coatings for applications where metallic counterparts fail, owing to low optical losses (reflectivity over 99.9%), angular and spectral engineering, superior laser-induced damage threshold, and superior mechanical and chemical stability.
“However, a robust way to overcome these limitations is to use dielectric thin films. Known also as optical interference coatings [11], dielectric ones are better suited for applications where metallic counterparts fail. This advantage comes from their specific properties, such as low optical losses that result in a reflectivity of over 99.9%, angular and spectral engineering through alternating”
From Metal Oxide Thin Films for Advanced Photonic Applications (2026) · cites this paper as [17]
The Introduction (page unavailable in our copy) calls dielectric coatings interference coatings and says their layered design can reduce light loss and control transmission at selected wavelengths. It does not report reflectivity over 99.9%, angular engineering, or a superior laser-induced damage threshold. It also identifies mechanical durability as a limitation of dielectric coatings and describes aluminum mirrors as durable and mechanically stable, rather than establishing superior mechanical or chemical stability for dielectrics. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Wu, H.-Y., Chen, H.-W., Huang, S.-R., Hsiao, L.-J., Cheng, C.-L., Yu, G.-Y., Sun, Y.-S., & Hsu, J.-C.
- Affiliations
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (TW)
- National United University (TW)
- University of Huddersfield (GB)
- Fu Jen Catholic University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Sun, Yung-Shin
- Hsu, Jin-Cherng
- Venue
- Heliyon
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-08
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- e35507
- ISSN
- 2405-8440 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11334815
- OpenAlex
- W4401168379
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3
- FWCI
- 0.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Heliyon (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Huddersfield Research Portal (University of Huddersfield) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- National Science and Technology Council (112-2112-M-030-002, 111-2221-E-030-007)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Optical Coatings and Gratings
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Advanced Materials and Semiconductor Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Metal and Thin Film Mechanics
- Keywords
- silver mirror, multilayer dielectric coatings, low substrate temperature deposition, coating adhesion, alumina, magnesium fluoride, aluminum-doped silicon, oxidation resistance, reflectance enhancement, telescope optics
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