Anticipatory and compensatory postural adjustments in sitting in children with cerebral palsy
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine postural control in children with cerebral palsy performing a bilateral shoulder flexion to grasp a ball from a sitting posture. The participants were 12 typically developing children (control) without cerebral palsy and 12 children with cerebral palsy (CP). We analyzed the effect of ball mass (1 kg and 0.18 kg), postural adjustment (anticipatory, APA, and compensatory, CPA), and groups (control and CP) on the electrical activity of shoulder and trunk muscles with surface electromyography (EMG). Greater mean iEMG was seen in CPA, with heavy ball, and for posterior trunk muscles (p<.05). The children with CP presented the highest EMG and level of co-activation (p<.05). Linear regression indicated a positive relationship between EMG and aging for the control group, whereas that relationship was negative for participants with CP. We suggest that the main postural control strategy in children is based on corrections after the beginning of the movement. The linear relationship between EMG and aging suggests that postural control development is affected by central nervous disease which may lead to an increase in muscle co-activation.
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Children with CP show deficits in anticipatory postural adjustments, reactive postural adjustments, and sensory and musculoskeletal components of postural control compared with children with typical development.
“To date, it is known that children with CP show deficits in anticipatory postural adjustments, 4 -9 and reactive postural adjustments, 10 -12 as well as sensory 4,13 and musculoskeletal components 14,15 of postural control, compared with children with typical development.”
From Exercise interventions improve postural control in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as [7]
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Manuela, S., & Machado, T. (2014)
Standing on elevated platform changes postural responses during arm movementPreprint
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Developmental Characteristics of Postural Adjustment in Children Aged 3-6 Years Old During ReachingPreprint
Zhao, P., Kai, M., Ji, Z., & Guiping, J. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4590878
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TREINI Exoflex to improve posture and balance in a child with Cerebral Palsy
Cota, E. B., Vilela, B. O., Criscoullo, L. C., de Lima, A. F. B., Netto, R. D. C. P., Souto, D. O., & Cruz, T. K. F. (2026) · Revista Neurociências · doi:10.34024/rnc.2026.v34.20574
- Authors
- Bigongiari, A., de Andrade e Souza, F., Franciulli, P. M., Neto, S. E. R., Araujo, R. C., & Mochizuki, L.
- Affiliations
- Universidade São Judas Tadeu (BR)
- Venue
- Human Movement Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 648-657
- ISSN
- 0167-9457 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2000247204
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Movement Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Scientific Electronic Library Online (São Paulo Research Foundation, Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Keywords
- cerebral palsy, postural control, anticipatory postural adjustments, compensatory postural adjustments, sitting posture, shoulder flexion, co-contraction, trunk muscle activity, shoulder muscle activity, surface electromyography, children
- MeSH terms
- Biomechanical Phenomena, Cerebral Palsy, Child, Electromyography, Postural Balance, Female, Humans, Male, Muscle Contraction, Orientation, Posture, Psychomotor Performance, Reference Values, Shoulder Joint, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Weight Perception, Range of Motion, Articular, Muscle, Skeletal, Hand Strength, Anticipation, Psychological
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