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Cited by 147Cerebral Palsy and Movement DisordersBotulinum Toxin and Related Neurological DisordersMotor Control and Adaptation

Postural control during reaching in preterm children with cerebral palsy

Van Der Heide, Jolanda C, Begeer, Co, Fock, Johanna M, Otten, Bert, Stremmelaar, Elisabeth, Van Eykern, Leo A, Hadders‐Algra, Mijna·2004·Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00480.x
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Abstract

Postural control during reaching with the dominant arm was assessed in 58 preterm children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 2 to 11 years, comprising 34 with spastic hemiplegia (17 males, 17 females) and 24 with bilateral spastic CP (bilateral CP; 15 male, 9 females). Assessments were made by multiple surface electromyogram (EMG) and kinematic recording. Mean gestational age at birth for the children with spastic hemiplegia and those with bilateral CP was 28.6 weeks (SEM 0.33) and 28.2 weeks (SEM 0.34) respectively; their mean birth weights were 1158g (SEM 58) and 1190g (SEM 59) respectively. All but one of the children with spastic hemiplegia could walk without restriction, the exception being a child who had self‐mobility with limitations. In the group of children with bilateral CP, nine walked without assistive devices, 10 could walk with assistive devices, and five children needed a wheelchair for self‐mobility. Comparison data of 29 typically developing children (10 males, 19 females) born at term with appropriate birth weight were available. Results indicated that in most children with CP the basic level of postural control (‘direction‐specificity’, ie. muscle activation on the side opposite to direction of body sway) was intact. However, the children with CP showed dysfunctions in: (1) recruitment order of the postural muscles, i.e. they exhibited a stereotyped top‐down recruitment; and (2) the ability to modulate muscle contraction (that registers on EMG) to task‐specific conditions. The latter dysfunction was more pronounced in children with bilateral CP than in those with spastic hemiplegia. Postural dysfunctions were correlated to some extent with the degree of disability in everyday activities as assessed by the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory.

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  • Postural control dysfunction in children with CP contributes to limitations in gross motor skills requiring balance, especially gait, upper limb activities, and oral motor activities.

    “This dysfunction is known to contribute to limitations in gross motor skills that require balance, 16 especially gait, 17,18 during upper limb activities such as reaching, 19 and during oral motor activities such as eating, swallowing, and speaking. 20”

    From Exercise interventions improve postural control in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as [19]

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Authors
Van Der Heide, J. C., Begeer, C., Fock, J. M., Otten, B., Stremmelaar, E., Van Eykern, L. A., & Hadders‐Algra, M.
Affiliations
  • University of Groningen (NL)
  • University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
ORCID
Hadders‐Algra, Mijna
Venue
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2004-04
Volume
46
Issue
4
Pages
253-266
ISSN
  • 0012-1622 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-8749
DOI
10.1111/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00480.x
OpenAlex
W2116943699
Cited by
147
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
FWCI
3.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 1048 d)
Locations
  • Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
Keywords
postural control, reaching, cerebral palsy, preterm children, spastic hemiplegia, bilateral spastic cerebral palsy, surface electromyography, ambulatory function, disability severity, Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory
MeSH terms
Age Factors, Analysis of Variance, Biomechanical Phenomena, Cerebral Palsy, Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Disability Evaluation, Electromyography, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Kinetics, Male, Movement, Posture, Severity of Illness Index, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Weakness

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