Anticipatory postural adjustments in children with hemiplegia and diplegia
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Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) play an important role in the performance of many activities requiring the maintenance of standing posture. However, little is known about if and how children with cerebral palsy (CP) generate APAs. Two groups of children with CP (hemiplegia and diplegia) and a group of children with typical motor development performed arm flexion and extension movements while standing on a force platform. Electromyographic activity of six trunk and leg muscles and displacement of center of pressure (COP) were recorded. Children with CP were able to generate anticipatory postural adjustments and produce directionally specific APAs and COP displacements similar to those described in adults and typically developing children. However, children with diplegia were unable to generate APAs of the same magnitude as children with typical development and hemiplegia and had higher baseline muscle activity prior to movement. In children with diplegia, COP was posteriorly displaced and peak acceleration was smaller during bilateral extension compared to children with hemiplegia. The outcomes of the study highlight the role of APAs in the control of posture of children with CP and point out the similarities and differences in anticipatory control in children with diplegia and hemiplegia. These differences may foster ideas for treatment strategies to enhance APAs in children with CP.
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Children with CP show deficits in anticipatory postural adjustments, reactive postural adjustments, and sensory and musculoskeletal components of postural control compared with children with typical development.
“To date, it is known that children with CP show deficits in anticipatory postural adjustments, 4 -9 and reactive postural adjustments, 10 -12 as well as sensory 4,13 and musculoskeletal components 14,15 of postural control, compared with children with typical development.”
From Exercise interventions improve postural control in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as [8]
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- Authors
- Girolami, G. L., Shiratori, T., & Aruin, A. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Aruin, Alexander S.
- Venue
- Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 988-997
- ISSN
- 1050-6411 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2043042990
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Keywords
- anticipatory postural adjustments, cerebral palsy, hemiplegia, diplegia, center of pressure, trunk muscle activity, arm flexion and extension, anticipatory postural control, children
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Adolescent, Child, Electromyography, Postural Balance, Female, Hemiplegia, Humans, Male, Muscle Contraction, Posture, Muscle, Skeletal, Anticipation, Psychological
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