Carvacrol and 1,8-cineole alone or in combination at sublethal concentrations induce changes in the cell morphology and membrane permeability of Pseudomonas fluorescens in a vegetable-based broth
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of sublethal concentrations of carvacrol (CAR) and 1,8-cineole (CIN) alone and in combination on the morphology, cell viability and membrane permeability of Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 11253 cultivated in a vegetable-based broth. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy images of bacterial cells exposed to CAR and CIN alone or in combination showed marked ultrastructural changes after 1h of exposure. These changes included shrunken protoplasm, discontinuity of the outer and cytoplasmic membranes and leakage of the intracellular material. Confocal scanning laser microscopy images corroborated the electron microscopy data, showing a decrease in the number of SYTO-9 cells (intact cells) with a concomitant increase in the number of PI-positive cells (dead cells). All of these morphological changes are indicative of increased membrane permeability and the loss of bacterial envelope integrity, which ultimately lead to cell death. The combination of sublethal concentrations of CAR and CIN could be applied to inhibit the growth of P. fluorescens on vegetables.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Treating E. coli O157:H7 with oregano essential oil, which is rich in thymol and carvacrol, resulted in the collapse of cells after the loss of their contents.
“Observations made by electron microscopy showed that treating E. coli O157:H7 with oregano EO, which is rich in thymol and carvacrol, resulted in the collapse of cells after the loss of their contents [4,26,115].”
From Effect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria (2013) · cites this paper as [115]
Cites
Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—A review
Burt, S. (2004) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022 · Cited by 10,488 · see citing works
Biological effects of essential oils—A review
Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., & Idaomar, M. (2008) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.106 · Cited by 7,929 · see citing works
Berney, M., Hammes, F., Bosshard, F., Weilenmann, H., & Egli, T. W. (2007) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.02750-06 · Cited by 928 · see citing works
Elgayyar, M., Draughon, F. A., Golden, D. A., & Mount, J. R. (2001) · Journal of Food Protection · doi:10.4315/0362-028x-64.7.1019 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
Membrane toxicity of antimicrobial compounds from essential oils
Di Pasqua, R., Betts, G., Hoskins, N., Edwards, M., Ercolini, D., & Mauriello, G. (2007) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf0636465 · Cited by 648 · see citing works
Antimicrobial activity of carvacrol related to its chemical structure
Ben Arfa, A., Combes, S., Preziosi-Belloy, L., Gontard, N., & Chalier, P. (2006) · Letters in Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.01938.x · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Gill, A. O., & Holley, R. A. (2006) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.10.009 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Natural terpenes: Self-assembly and membrane partitioning
Turina, A. D. V., Nolan, M. V., Zygadlo, J. A., & Perillo, M. A. (2006) · Biophysical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bpc.2006.02.007 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Ragaert, P., Devlieghere, F., & Debevere, J. (2007) · Postharvest Biology and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.01.001 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
de Azerêdo, G. A., Stamford, T. L. M., Nunes, P. C., Neto, N. J. G., de Oliveira, M. E. G., & de Souza, E. L. (2011) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.04.012 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
La Storia, A., Ercolini, D., Marinello, F., Di Pasqua, R., Villani, F., & Mauriello, G. (2011) · Research in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2010.11.006 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Comparison of Antimicrobial Properties of Monoterpenes and their Carbonylated Products
Naigre, R., Kalck, P., Roques, C., Roux, I., & Michel, G. (1996) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-2006-957877 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Susceptibility of food-borne bacteria to binary combinations of antimicrobials at selected awand pH
Santiesteban-López, A., Palou, E., & López‐Malo, A. (2006) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03092.x · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Antimicrobial action of essential oil vapours and negative air ions against Pseudomonas fluorescens
Tyagi, A. K., & Malik, A. (2010) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.08.023 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Atividade antioxidante de óleos essenciais de espécies de Croton do nordeste do Brasil
de Morais, S. M., Júnior, F. E. A. C., da Silva, A. R. A., et al. (2006) · Química Nova · doi:10.1590/s0100-40422006000500004 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
de Sousa, J. P., de Azerêdo, G. A., Torres, R. D. A., Vasconcelos, M. A. D. S., da Conceição, M. L., & de Souza, E. L. (2011) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.12.026 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationBioactivity of selected essential oils and some components on Listeria monocytogenes biofilms
Leonard, C. M., Virijevic, S., Regnier, T. J. C., & Combrinck, S. (2010) · South African Journal of Botany · doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2010.07.002 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Morphological changes of Aeromonas hydrophila in response to osmotic stress.
Pianetti, A., Battistelli, M., Citterio, B., Parlani, C., Falcieri, E., & Bruscolini, F. (2009) · Micron · doi:10.1016/j.micron.2009.01.006 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Effect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria
Nazzaro, F., Fratianni, F., De Martino, L., Coppola, R., & De Feo, V. (2013) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph6121451 · Cited by 2,186 · see citing works
Zengin, H., & Baysal, A. (2014) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules191117773 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
- Authors
- de Sousa, J. P., Torres, R. D. A., de Azerêdo, G. A., Figueiredo, R. C. B. Q., Vasconcelos, M. A. D. S., & de Souza, E. L.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba (BR)
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (BR)
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (BR)
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Food Microbiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 158
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-13
- ISSN
- 0168-1605 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2035795349
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 6.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Food Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Antimicrobial agents and applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Microbial Inactivation Methods
- Keywords
- carvacrol, 1,8-cineole, Pseudomonas fluorescens, sublethal concentrations, membrane permeability, cell morphology, bacterial cell death, essential oil blends, foodborne pathogen control
- MeSH terms
- Eucalyptol, Cymenes, Bacteria, Cell Membrane, Cell Membrane Permeability, Cyclohexanols, Food Contamination, Microscopy, Electron, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Vegetables, Monoterpenes, Organelle Shape
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
