Natural terpenes: Self-assembly and membrane partitioning
Abstract
Monoterpenes (MTs) are highly hydrophobic substances present in essential oils. They cover a wide spectrum of biological effects with a membrane interaction as a common point. Here we studied the surface activity of camphor, cineole, thymol, menthol and geraniol, and their ability to reach and incorporate into model membranes affecting some features of their dynamic organization. All the MTs studied self-aggregated in water with critical micellar concentrations (CMC) between 3 and 8 microM. Their octanol-water and membrane-water partition coefficients were correlated with one another. They all penetrated in monomolecular layers of dipalmitoyl-phosphatildylcholine at the air-water interface, even at surface pressures (pi) above the equilibrium lateral pressure of bilayers; thymol exhibited the highest (61.3 mN/m) and camphor the lowest (37 mN/m) pi(cut-off) value. They affected the self-aggregation of Triton X-100, increasing its CMC from 0.16 mM in the absence of MTs up to 0.68 mM (e.g. for geraniol), and the topology of sPC vesicles, increasing its surface curvature, suggesting their location at the polar head group region of the membrane. The latter was supported by their ability to increase differentially the polarity of the membrane environment sensed by two electrochromic dyes. Dipole moment values (between 1.224 and 2.523 D) and solvation areas (between 80 and 97 A(2)) were calculated from their energy-minimized structures. The relative contribution of each experimental, theoretical and structural property to determine MTs' effects on membrane dynamics were evaluated by a principal component analysis.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
At low levels of thymol, the membrane can adapt its lipid profile to maintain membrane function and structure.
“At low levels of thymol, the membrane can adapt its lipid profile to maintain membrane function and structure [29].”
From Effect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria (2013) · cites this paper as [29]
Inhibiting electron transport for energy production and disrupting the proton motive force, protein translocation and synthesis of cellular components are physiological changes that can result in cell lysis and death.
“Inhibiting electron transport for energy production and disrupting the proton motive force, protein translocation and synthesis of cellular components are all physiological changes that can result in cell lysis and death [19,29].”
From Effect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria (2013) · cites this paper as [29]
Cites
Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Lakowicz, J. R. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3061-6 · Cited by 26,948 · see citing works
Intermolecular and Surface Forces
(2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391927-4.10024-6 · Cited by 17,234 · see citing works
Intermolecular and Surface Forces
(2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2011-0-05119-0 · Cited by 9,144 · see citing works
Partition coefficients and their uses
Leo, A., Hansch, C., & Elkins, D. R. (1971) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr60274a001 · Cited by 4,253 · see citing works
Marsh, D. (1996) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/s0304-4157(96)00009-3 · Cited by 1,121 · see citing works
Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Jain, M. K. (1984) · Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-022x(84)90009-5 · Cited by 1,025 · see citing works
Preparation and Use of Liposomes as Models of Biological Membranes
Bangham, A. D., Hill, M. W., & Miller, N. G. A. (1974) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7422-4_1 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Korn, E. D. (1978) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-4036-2 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Interpretation of ecological data
Riordan, D. V., & Stark, C. R. (2010) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.197.4.332 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Bagatolli, L. A., & Gratton, E. (2000) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(00)76592-1 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Granger, R. E., Campbell, E., & Johnston, G. A. R. (2005) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2005.01.002 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Cullis, P. R., Hope, M. J., Bally, M. B., Madden, T. D., Mayer, L. D., & Fenske, D. B. (1997) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/s0304-4157(97)00006-3 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Transdermal delivery of zidovudine: effect of terpenes and their mechanism of action
Narishetty, S. T. K., & Panchagnula, R. (2004) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2003.11.022 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Griffin, S. G., Wyllie, S. G., & Markham, J. L. (1999) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(99)01009-2 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Mukerjee, P. (1974) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.2600630647 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Geraniol interferes with membrane functions in strains ofCandida andSaccharomyces
Bard, M., Albrecht, M. R., Gupta, N., Guynn, C. J., & Stillwell, W. H. (1988) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/bf02535593 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Introducción a la bioestadística
Sokal, R. R., Gabarrón, J., & Rohlf, F. J. (1980) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Garcı́a, D. A., Bujons, J., Vale, C., & Sunol, C. E. (2005) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.07.009 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
de Paula, E., & Schreier, S. (1995) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0005-2736(95)00155-6 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Introducción a la teoría y práctica de la taxonomía numérica
Crisci, J. V., & Armengol, M. F. L. (1983) · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Surface activity of thymol: implications for an eventual pharmacological activity
Sánchez, M. E., Turina, A. V., Garcı́a, D. A., Nolan, M. V., & Perillo, M. A. (2004) · Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2003.11.007 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Mohammadi, B., Haeseler, G., Leuwer, M., Dengler, R., Krampfl, K., & Bufler, J. (2001) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01033-0 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Molecular and physicochemical aspects of local anesthetic-membrane interaction.
de-Paula, E., & Schreier, S. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Robson, R. J., & Dennis, E. A. (1978) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0005-2736(78)90096-2 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Physicochemical studies of lidocaine–menthol binary systems for enhanced membrane transport
Kang, L. (2000) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/s0378-5173(00)00505-6 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Caetano, W., Gelamo, É. L., Tabak, M., & Itri, R. (2002) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1006/jcis.2001.8164 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Red blood cell shape as a function of medium’s ionic strength and pH
Rasia, M., & Bollini, A. (1998) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/s0005-2736(98)00057-1 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Shojaei, A. H., Khan, M. A., Lim, G., & Khosravan, R. (1999) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/s0378-5173(99)00301-4 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Interaction of benzocaine with model membranes
Pinto, L. D. M. A., Yokaichiya, D. K., Fraceto, L. F., & de Paula, E. (2000) · Biophysical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0301-4622(00)00196-4 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Garcı́a, D. A., & Perillo, M. A. (1999) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/s0005-2736(99)00040-1 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Perillo, M. A., Scarsdale, N. J., Yu, R. K., & Maggio, B. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.21.10019 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Adenier, A., & Aaron, J. (2002) · Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/s1386-1425(01)00552-2 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Acid–base equilibrium of anionic dyes partially bound to micelles of nonionic surfactants
Saikia, P. M., Bora, M., & Dutta, R. K. (2005) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2004.11.047 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Biondi, A. C., & Disalvo, E. A. (1990) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/0005-2736(90)90263-n · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Pinto, L. D. M. A., Malheiros, S. V. P., Lino, A. C. S., de Paula, E., & Perillo, M. A. (2005) · Biophysical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bpc.2005.09.006 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Zunino, M. P., & Zygadlo, J. A. (2005) · Journal of Chemical Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10886-005-5285-2 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Partitioning of 1, 4-benzodiazepines into natural membranes
Perillof, M. A., Garcı́a, D. A., & Arce, A. (1995) · Molecular Membrane Biology · doi:10.3109/09687689509027510 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Garcı́a, D. A., Quiroga, S., & Perillo, M. A. (2000) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/s0009-2797(00)00254-4 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Rosetti, C. M., Oliveira, R. G., & Maggio, B. (2005) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2004.11.009 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Garcı́a, D. A. (1999) · Molecular Membrane Biology · doi:10.1080/096876899294652 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Flunitrazepam induces geometrical changes at the lipid–water interface
Perillo, M. A., & Garcı́a, D. A. (2001) · Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/s0927-7765(00)00171-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Kulkarni, S. B., & Vargha-Butler, E. I. (1995) · Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/0927-7765(94)01159-3 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Garcı́a, D. A., Perillo, M. A., Zygadlo, J. A., & Martijena, I. D. (1995) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/bf02536610 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Turina, A. V., & Perillo, M. A. (2003) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/s0005-2736(03)00236-0 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Masamoto, K., Matsuura, K., Itoh, S., & Nishimura, M. (1981) · The Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a133214 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Garcı́a, D. A., & Perillo, M. A. (2002) · Biophysical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0301-4622(02)00004-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Terpenes, stereochemistry and bioactivities.
Perillo, M. A., & Zygadlo, J. A. (2005) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Perillo, M. A., & Arce, A. (1996) · Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods · doi:10.1016/1056-8719(96)00002-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Garcı́a, D. A., & Perillo, M. A. (2004) · Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2004.04.001 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 50 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Biological effects of essential oils—A review
Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., & Idaomar, M. (2008) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.106 · Cited by 7,929 · see citing works
“In bacteria, the permeabilization of the membranes is associated with loss of ions and reduction of membrane potential, collapse of the proton pump and depletion of the ATP pool (Knobloch et al., 1989; Sikkema et al., 1994; Helander et al., 1998; Ultee et al., 2000, 2002; Di Pasqua et al., 2006; Turina et al., 2006).”
BackgroundHyldgaard, M., Mygind, T., & Meyer, R. L. (2012) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00012 · Cited by 2,191 · see citing works
“Thymol integrates at the polar head-group region of a lipid bilayer causing alterations to the cell membrane, which at low concentrations induce adaptational changes in the membrane lipid profile in order to compensate for thymol’s fluidifying effects and to maintain the membrane function and structure (Turina et al.,…”
BackgroundEffect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria
Nazzaro, F., Fratianni, F., De Martino, L., Coppola, R., & De Feo, V. (2013) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph6121451 · Cited by 2,186 · see citing works
Dhifi, W., Bellili, S., Jazi, S., Bahloul, N., & Mnif, W. (2016) · Medicines · doi:10.3390/medicines3040025 · Cited by 1,361 · see citing works
“Damage to the wall and the cell membrane can lead to the leakage of macromolecules and lysis [17,20,71].”
BackgroundSwamy, M. K., Akhtar, M. S., & Sinniah, U. R. (2016) · Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2016/3012462 · Cited by 949 · see citing works
Essential Oils: Extraction, Bioactivities, and Their Uses for Food Preservation
Tongnuanchan, P., & Benjakul, S. (2014) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/1750-3841.12492 · Cited by 884 · see citing works
Tariq, S., Wani, S., Rasool, W., Shafi, K., Bhat, M. A., Prabhakar, A., Shalla, A. H., & Rather, M. A. (2019) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103580 · Cited by 715 · see citing works
Cristani, M., D'Arrigo, M., Mandalari, G., Castelli, F., Sarpietro, M. G., Micieli, D., Venuti, V., Bisignano, G., Saija, A., & Trombetta, D. (2007) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf070094x · Cited by 671 · see citing works
Role of essential oils in food safety: Antimicrobial and antioxidant applications
Bhavaniramya, S., Vishnupriya, S., Al-Aboody, M. S., Vijayakumar, R., & Baskaran, D. (2019) · Grain & Oil Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.gaost.2019.03.001 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Use of Essential Oils in Bioactive Edible Coatings: A Review
Sánchez‐González, L., Vargas, M., González‐Martínez, C., Chiralt, A., & Cháfer, M. (2011) · Food Engineering Reviews · doi:10.1007/s12393-010-9031-3 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
“In prokaryotic cells, the permeabilization of membranes is associated with the loss of ions and the reduction in the membrane potential, the collapse of the proton pump and the depletion of the ATP pool [31, 128].”
BackgroundSalvia‐Trujillo, L., Rojas‐Graü, M. A., Soliva‐Fortuny, R., & Martín‐Belloso, O. (2015) · Postharvest Biology and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2015.03.009 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Arfat, Y. A., Benjakul, S., Prodpran, T., Sumpavapol, P., & Songtipya, P. (2014) · Food Hydrocolloids · doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.04.023 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Plant volatiles: Production, function and pharmacology
Maffei, M. E., Gertsch, J., & Appendino, G. (2011) · Natural Product Reports · doi:10.1039/c1np00021g · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Chemistry, bioactivities, mode of action and industrial applications of essential oils
Jugreet, S., Suroowan, S., Rengasamy, K. R. R., & Mahomoodally, M. F. (2020) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2020.04.025 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Peng, Y., & Li, Y. (2013) · Food Hydrocolloids · doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.10.013 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Antimicrobial Plant Metabolites: Structural Diversity and Mechanism of Action
Radulović, N. S., Blagojević, P. D., Stojanović-Radić, Z. Z., & Stojanović, N. M. (2013) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867311320070008 · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Essential oils and its antibacterial, antifungal and anti-oxidant activity applications: A review
Hou, T., Sana, S. S., Li, H., Xing, Y., Nanda, A., Netala, V. R., & Zhang, Z. (2022) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101716 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Major bioactivities and mechanism of action of essential oils and their components
Saad, N. Y., Muller, C. D., & Lobstein, A. (2013) · Flavour and Fragrance Journal · doi:10.1002/ffj.3165 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Sani, M. A., Khezerlou, A., & Ehsani, A. (2018) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.08.001 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Potential application of essential oils as antimicrobial preservatives in cheese
Khorshidian, N., Yousefi, M., Khanniri, E., & Mortazavian, A. M. (2017) · Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.ifset.2017.09.020 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Tongnuanchan, P., Benjakul, S., & Prodpran, T. (2013) · Journal of Food Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.03.005 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Essential oils encapsulated in liposomes: a review
Sherry, M., Charcosset, C., Fessi, H., & Greige‐Gerges, H. (2013) · Journal of Liposome Research · doi:10.3109/08982104.2013.819888 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Antifungal Activity of Citrus Essential Oils
Li, J., Lei, Z., Li, L., Xie, R., Xi, W., Guan, Y., Sumner, L. W., & Zhou, Z. (2014) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf5006148 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Biosynthesis of essential oils in aromatic plants: A review
Rehman, R., Hanif, M. A., Mushtaq, Z., & Al-Sadi, A. M. (2015) · Food Reviews International · doi:10.1080/87559129.2015.1057841 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
“In some cases, modification in intracellular redox potential and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by essential oils can be linked with their capability to exert antigenotoxic effects.((250,259,260))”
BackgroundTerpenoid biosynthesis in trichomes—current status and future opportunities
Markus Lange, B., & Turner, G. W. (2013) · Plant Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7652.2012.00737.x · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Werrie, P.-Y., Durenne, B., Delaplace, P., & Fauconnier, M. (2020) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods9091291 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
“Studies on artificial monolayer membranes of dipalmitoyl-phosphatildylcholine describe the penetration of monoterpenes such as camphor, cineole, thymol, menthol and geraniol, which affect the vesicles topology [33].”
BackgroundInactivation of Escherichia coli by citral
Somolinos, M., García‐Gonzalo, D., Condón, S., Mackey, B. M., & Pagán, R. (2009) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04597.x · Cited by 175 · see citing works
From plants to antimicrobials: Natural products against bacterial membranes
Nourbakhsh, F., Lotfalizadeh, M., Badpeyma, M., Shakeri, A., & Soheili, V. (2021) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.7275 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Akthar, M. S., Degaga, B., & Azam, T. (2014) · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Antunes, M. D., Dannenberg, G. D. S., Fiorentini, Â. M., Pinto, V. Z., Lim, L., Zavareze, E. D. R., & Dias, Á. R. G. (2017) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.095 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Miguel, S. P., Simões, D., Moreira, A. F., Sequeira, R. S., & Correia, I. J. (2018) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.041 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
da Silva, F. T., da Cunha, K. F., Fonseca, L. M., Antunes, M. D., Halal, S. L. M. E., Fiorentini, Â. M., Zavareze, E. D. R., & Dias, Á. R. G. (2018) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.079 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Lan, W., Wang, S., Chen, M., Sameen, D. E., Lee, K., & Liu, Y. (2019) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.230 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Membrane Disruption Properties of Essential Oils—A Double-Edged Sword?
Yap, P. S. X., Yusoff, K., Lim, S. E., Chong, C. M., & Lai, K. (2021) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr9040595 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
“For instance, thymol was found to be able to induce membrane alteration through integration with polar head-groups of the lipid bilayer; however, at low concentrations, the adapted membrane lipid compositions can still regulate and maintain membrane fluidity and function [12,28].”
BackgroundHanif, M. A., Nisar, S., Khan, G. S., Mushtaq, Z., & Zubair, M. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16546-8_1 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Stringaro, A., Vavala, E., Colone, M., Pepi, F., Mignogna, G., Garzoli, S., Cecchetti, S., Ragno, R., & Angiolella, L. (2014) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2014/125904 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
“The monoterpenes act by disrupting microbial cytoplasmic membrane, which thus loses its high impermeability for protons and bigger ions; if disturbance of membrane integrity occurs, then its functions are compromised not only as a barrier but also as a matrix for enzymes and as an energy transducer [32].”
BackgroundKumar, M., Tomar, M., Saurabh, V., Mahajan, T. R., Punia, S., Contreras, M. D. M., Rudra, S. G., Kaur, C., & Kennedy, J. F. (2020) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.009 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Sánchez‐González, L., Cháfer, M., González‐Martínez, C., Chiralt, A., & Desobry, S. (2011) · Journal of Food Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.02.016 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Pavan, B., Dalpiaz, A., Marani, L., Beggiato, S., Ferraro, L., Canistro, D., Paolini, M., Vivarelli, F., Valerii, M. C., Comparone, A., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00018 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“Indeed, the geometry and the hydrophilic/hydrophobic compensation of its molecule would allow geraniol a higher thermodynamic stability and permanence in a membrane bilayer model than other monoterpenes (Turina et al., 2006).”
BackgroundTherapeutic potentials of bioactive compounds from mango fruit wastes
Asif, A., Farooq, U., Akram, K., Hayat, Z., Shafi, A., Sarfraz, F., Sidhu, M. A. I., Rehman, H.-U., & Aftab, S. (2016) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2016.05.004 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Agro-industrial wastes as sources of bioactive compounds for food and fermentation industries
Shirahigue, L. D., & Ceccato‐Antonini, S. R. (2020) · Ciência Rural · doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20190857 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Ramos, C., Teixeira, B., Batista, I., Matos, O., Serrano, C., Neng, N. R., Nogueira, J. M. F., Nunes, M. L., & Marques, A. (2011) · Natural Product Research · doi:10.1080/14786419.2010.531478 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“These six lipophilic compounds are able to enter the cell membranes of microorganisms and permeate them, through the disruption of the polysaccharide, fatty acid and phospholipid structures, and they promote the loss of ions by collapsing the proton pump and depleting the adenosine-5′-triphosphate pool (Turina, Nolan,…”
BackgroundCellular and Molecular Targets of Menthol Actions
Öz, M., Nebrisi, E. E., Yang, K. S., Howarth, F. C., & Kury, L. T. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00472 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“It is not completely soluble in water (431 mg/L at 20 ◦ C), but freely soluble in chloroform, diethyl ether, and alcohol (Kamatou et al., 2013) with Log octanol/water value of 3.4, indicating that menthol is a lipophilic compound capable of interacting with membranes (Turina et al., 2006).”
InfluentialGucwa, K., Milewski, S., Dymerski, T., & Szweda, P. (2018) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules23051116 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“The antimicrobial effect may be linked to reduced membrane potentials, the disruption of proton pumps, and the depletion of the ATP [14].”
BackgroundScur, M. C., Pinto, F. G. D. S., Pandini, J. A., da Costa, W. F., Leite, C. W., & Temponi, L. G. (2016) · Brazilian Journal of Biology · doi:10.1590/1519-6984.13714 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“However, Turina et al. (2006) reported that owing the high hydrophobicity of monoterpenes, their toxic effects on the bacterial cell membrane result in its expansion, fluidity, and permeability, in addition to causing inhibition of respiration and change in the process of ions transport.”
BackgroundRisaliti, L., Kehagia, A., Daoultzi, E., Lazari, D. M., Bergonzi, M. C., Vergkizi, S., Hadjipavlou‐Litina, D., & Bilia, A. R. (2019) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2019.03.034 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Jummes, B., Sganzerla, W. G., da Rosa, C. G., Noronha, C. M., Nunes, M. R., Bertoldi, F. C., & Barreto, P. L. M. (2020) · Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101499 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of cinnamaldehyde against S. epidermidis
Albano, M., Crulhas, B. P., Alves, F. C. B., Pereira, A. F. M., Andrade, B. F. M. T., Barbosa, L. N., Furlanetto, A., Lyra, L. P. D. S., Rall, V. L. M., & Júnior, A. F. (2018) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.009 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
de Oliveira, E. R., Truzzi, E., Ferraro, L., Fogagnolo, M., Pavan, B., Beggiato, S., Rustichelli, C., Maretti, E., Lima, E. M., Leo, E., et al. (2020) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.033 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Effects of monoterpenes on ion channels of excitable cells
Öz, M., Lozon, Y., Sultan, A. M., Yang, K. S., & Galadari, S. (2015) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.05.006 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“Therefo it is not surprising that several physicochemical properties of lipid bilayer membranes are significantly affected by these compounds as a result of their partitioninginto membranes (Sánchez et al., 2004; Turina et al., 2006; Zunino et al., 2011).”
BackgroundChebbac, K., Ghneim, H. K., Moussaoui, A. E., Bourhia, M., Barnossi, A. E., Ouaritini, Z. B., Salamatullah, A. M., Alzahrani, A. A., Aboul‐Soud, M. A. M., Giesy, J. P., et al. (2022) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules27031136 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Reduced membrane potentials, interruption of proton pumps and ATP exhaustion may all contribute to the observed antimicrobial activity [64].”
Gallucci, M. N., Carezzano, M. E., Oliva, M. M., Demo, M. S., Pizzolitto, R. P., Zunino, M. P., Zygadlo, J. A., & Dambolena, J. S. (2014) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/jam.12432 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“The presence of the Log P descriptor in the mathematical models suggested that part of the antifungal activity of the phenolic compounds can be explained by their interaction with the plasma membrane (Turina et al. 2006; Cristani et al. 2007; Khan et al. 2011; Zunino et al. 2011).”
BackgroundRole of sepiolite in the release of active compounds from gelatin–egg white films
Giménez, B., Gómez-Guillén, M. C., López-Caballero, M. E., Gómez‐Estaca, J., & Montero, P. (2011) · Food Hydrocolloids · doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2011.09.003 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Efficacy of chitosan films with basil essential oil: perspectives in food packaging
Hemalatha, T., Umamaheswari, T., Senthil, R., Krithiga, G., & Anbukkarasi, K. (2017) · Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization · doi:10.1007/s11694-017-9601-7 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Efficacy of thymol against Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces
Elissondo, M. C., Albani, C. M., Gende, L. B., Eguaras, M. J., & Denegri, G. M. (2007) · Parasitology International · doi:10.1016/j.parint.2007.12.005 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Asprea, M., Leto, I., Bergonzi, M. C., & Bilia, A. R. (2016) · LWT · doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2016.12.006 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Andrade, J. C., Morais‐Braga, M. F. B., Guedes, G. M. D. M., Tintino, S. R., de Freitas, M. A., de Menezes, I. R. A., & Coutinho, H. D. M. (2014) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2014.10.011 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“The composition of lipophilic substances such as alphatocopherol allow perturbations in the bacterial membrane, resulting in damage to essential elements for the integrity of the membrane such as: reduction in membrane potential and loss of ions, cytochrome C, proteins and radicals, followed by the collapse of proton…”
BackgroundLithocholic acid and derivatives: Antibacterial activity
do Nascimento, P. G. G., Lemos, T. L. G., de Almeida, M. C. S., Souza, J. M. O., Bizerra, A. M. C., Santiago, G. M. P., da Costa, J. G. M., & Coutinho, H. D. M. (2015) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2015.07.007 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Edible Coatings Enriched with Essential Oils and their Compounds for Fresh and Fresh-cut Fruit
Antunes, M. D. C., Gago, C., Cavaco, A. M., & Miguel, M. G. (2012) · Recent Patents on Food Nutrition & Agriculture · doi:10.2174/2212798411204020114 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“Other studies have demonstrated that some components are able to act on the cytoplasmic membrane proteins or to inhibit the activity of some enzymes involved in cell metabolic pathways [37-41].”
BackgroundFerreira, J. V. N., Capello, T. M., Siqueira, L. J. A., Lago, J. H. G., & Caseli, L. (2016) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00600 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Antimicrobial mechanism of nanocellulose composite packaging incorporated with essential oils
Firmanda, A., Fahma, F., Warsiki, E., Syamsu, K., Arnata, I. W., Sartika, D., Suryanegara, L., Qanytah, & Suyanto, A. (2023) · Food Control · doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109617 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Pandey, A. K., Chávez‐González, M. L., Sanches-Silva, A. T., & Singh, P. (2021) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.076 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms
Vázquez‐Sánchez, D., Cabo, M. L., & Rodríguez-Herrera, J. J. (2014) · Food Science and Technology International · doi:10.1177/1082013214553996 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“Previously, bacterial adaptation to individual active compounds of EOs (e.g. carvacrol, thymol, camphor or cineole) had been detected (Di-Pasqua et al., 2010; Turina et al., 2006; Ultee et al., 2000), but not to crude EOs (including thyme oil).”
BackgroundMicroemulsion systems containing bioactive natural oils: an overview on the state of the art
Júnior, F. H. X., Vauthier, C., Morais, A. R. D. V., Alencar, É. D. N., & do Egito, E. S. T. (2016) · Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy · doi:10.1080/03639045.2016.1235186 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Santos, M. I., Marques, C. F., Mota, J., Pedroso, L., & Lima, A. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10040760 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Taha, S. M., & Eldahshan, O. A. (2017) · Chemistry & Biodiversity · doi:10.1002/cbdv.201600443 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Andrade, J. C., Morais‐Braga, M. F. B., Guedes, G. M. D. M., Tintino, S. R., de Freitas, M. A., Quintans‐Júnior, L. J., de Menezes, I. R. A., & Coutinho, H. D. M. (2015) · Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.09.004 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“Lipophilic substances and menadione cause disturbances in the bacterial membrane, resulting in damage of the fundamental elements needed for membrane integrity, such as reduced membrane potential and loss of ions, cytochrome C, proteins and radicals, followed by the collapse of the proton pump and ATP depletion (Sikke…”
BackgroundEssential Oils: Chemical Composition and Diverse Biological Activities : A Comprehensive Review
Miri, Y. B. (2025) · Natural Product Communications · doi:10.1177/1934578x241311790 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“74 These fi ndings highlight the multifaceted mechanisms by which EOs exert their antibacterial effects, offering potential as alternative antimicrobial agents, particularly in the face of rising antibiotic resistance.”
Ammar, R. B. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28093669 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Eugenol-inhibited root growth in Avena fatua involves ROS-mediated oxidative damage
Ahuja, N., Singh, H. P., Batish, D. R., & Kohli, R. K. (2014) · Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.11.012 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Monoterpenes, being lipophilic, penetrate the cell membrane, change their fluidity and induce expansion resulting in the disruption of the membrane and hence ion leakage [40].”
BackgroundBioactivity and health effects of garlic essential oil: A review
Huang, L., Liu, Z., Wang, J., Fu, J., Jia, Y., Ji, L., & Wang, T. (2023) · Food Science & Nutrition · doi:10.1002/fsn3.3253 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“Plant essential oil can also play its antifungal role by destroying mitochondrial membranes and interfering with the electron transport system (de Turina et al., 2006).”
BackgroundVeras, H. N. H., Rodrigues, F. F. G., Botelho, M. A., de Menezes, I. R. A., Coutinho, H. D. M., & da Costa, J. G. M. (2013) · Arabian Journal of Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.10.030 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Selim, S., Abdel-Aziz, M., Mashait, M. S., & Warrad, M. (2013) · African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.5897/ajpp2013.3518 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
de Sousa, J. P., Torres, R. D. A., de Azerêdo, G. A., Figueiredo, R. C. B. Q., Vasconcelos, M. A. D. S., & de Souza, E. L. (2012) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.06.008 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Ansari, I. A., & Akhtar, M. S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-7205-6_3 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Tintino, S. R., de Souza, V. C. A., da Silva, J. M. A., Oliveira–Tintino, C. D. D. M., Pereira, P. S., Leal‐Balbino, T. C., Pereira‐Neves, A., Siqueira-Júnior, J. P., da Costa, J. G. M., Rodrigues, F. F. G., et al. (2020) · Membranes · doi:10.3390/membranes10060130 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“It is known in the literature that fat-soluble substances can induce changes to the membranes, resulting in change in membrane morphophysiology and cause damage, such as: reduced membrane potential as well as ion; cytochrome C; protein and radicals loss, and subsequently collapse of the proton pump with ATP depletion…”
BackgroundAmrouche, T., Noll, K. S., Wang, Y., Huang, Q., & Chikindas, M. L. (2010) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-010-9042-7 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Toxic effects on membrane structure and function have been generally used to explain the antimicrobial action of some phytochemicals [6, 11, 38]; however, the specific mechanisms involved in the antimicrobial action of curcumin remain poorly characterized.”
BackgroundTongnuanchan, P., Benjakul, S., & Prodpran, T. (2014) · International aquatic research. · doi:10.1007/s40071-014-0062-x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Monoterpenes (C10) and sesquiterpenes (C15) are highly hydrophobic substances found in essential oils, in which the content varied with types of essential oils (Turina et al. 2006).”
BackgroundFazio, L. D., Spisni, E., Cavazza, E., Strillacci, A., Candela, M., Centanni, M., Ricci, C., Rizzello, F., Campieri, M., & Valerii, M. C. (2016) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00038 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Stable, Monodisperse, and Highly Cell-Permeating Nanocochleates from Natural Soy Lecithin Liposomes
Asprea, M., Tatini, F., Piazzini, V., Rossi, F., Bergonzi, M. C., & Bilia, A. R. (2019) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics11010034 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“This is typical of small terpenes, which are able to decrease the size of lipid nanocarriers by forcing the PC structure to increase its surface curvature [30].”
BackgroundPatrone, V., Campana, R., Vittoria, E., & Baffone, W. (2009) · Current Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00284-009-9531-7 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“The antimicrobial properties of essential oils are attributed to the presence of lipophilic compounds as terpenoids and phenolics which disturb the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane with leakage of vital intracellular constitutes or impairment of bacterial enzyme systems [3, 15].”
BackgroundJugreet, S., & Mahomoodally, M. F. (2020) · South African Journal of Botany · doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2020.05.001 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
In vitro activity of Carvacrol against titanium-adherent oral biofilms and planktonic cultures
Ciandrini, E., Campana, R., Federici, S., Manti, A., Battistelli, M., Falcieri, E., Papa, S., & Baffone, W. (2014) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-013-1179-9 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“The microscopic observation by TEM of the exposure of pathogens to Carvacrol displayed that this compound seem to penetrate the cytoplasmic membrane, increasing the permeability and causing the shrinkage of the protoplasm and the loss of cytosolic material [9, 58].”
Menthol Inhibits 5-HT3 Receptor–Mediated Currents
Ashoor, A., Nordman, J. C., Veltri, D., Yang, K. S., Шуба, Я. М., Kury, L. T. A., Sadek, B. S., Howarth, F. C., Shehu, A., Kabbani, N., et al. (2013) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.113.203976 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“…manner, including skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (EC505 938 mM–1mM) (Palade, 1987; Neumann and Copello, 2011), tracheal epithelial cells (100 mM–1 mM) (Takeuchi et al., 1994), human leukemia cells (25–100 mM) (Lu et al., 2006), and dorsal horn neurons (100 mM–1 mM) (Tsuzuki et al., 2004).”
BackgroundTintino, S. R., Oliveira–Tintino, C. D. D. M., Campina, F. F., Limaverde, P. W., Pereira, P. S., Siqueira-Júnior, J. P., Coutinho, H. D. M., Quintans‐Júnior, L. J., da Silva, T. G., Leal‐Balbino, T. C., et al. (2017) · Medicinal Chemistry Research · doi:10.1007/s00044-017-2063-y · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“…resulting in damage of the fundamental elements needed for membrane integrity, such as reduced membrane potential and loss of ions, cytochrome C, proteins and radicals, followed by the collapse of the proton pump and ATP depletion (Sikkema et al. 1994; Turina et al. 2006; Hirayama et al. 2006).”
BackgroundAntibacterial Effect of Thymol Loaded SBA-15 Nanorods Incorporated in PCL Electrospun Fibers
Gámez, E., Elizondo-Castillo, H., Tascon, J., García-Salinas, S., Navascués, N., Mendoza, G., Arruebo, M., & Irusta, S. (2020) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano10040616 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“This kind of compound, due to the hydrophobic effect, can easily self-assemble spontaneously in an aqueous media [48], forming micellar systems around silica particles, which would remain in the release medium due to the micellar concentration achievable [48].”
BackgroundStructural basis for promiscuous action of monoterpenes on TRP channels
Nguyen, T. H. D., Itoh, S., Okumura, H., & Tominaga, M. (2021) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-021-01776-0 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Fatima, K., Masood, N., Wani, Z. A., Meena, A., & Luqman, S. (2021) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.003 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Advances in polysaccharide-based antibacterial materials
He, M., Huang, Y., Wang, J., Chen, Z., Xie, J., Cui, Z., Xu, D., Zhang, X., & Yao, W. (2025) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.142598 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Gomes, M. R. F., Schuh, R. S., Jacques, A. L. B., Augustin, O. A., Bordignon, S. A. D. L., Dias, D. D. O., Kelmann, R. G., Koester, L., Gehring, M. P., Morrone, F. B., et al. (2012) · Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia · doi:10.1590/s0102-695x2012005000136 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“As typical lipophilic substances, they pass through cytoplasmic membrane, breaking the structure of their different layers of polysaccharides, fatty acids and phospholipids and finally permeate them (Di Pasqua et al., 2006; Turina et al., 2006).”
BackgroundPirbalouti, A. G., Firoznezhad, M., Craker, L. E., & Akbarzadeh, M. (2013) · Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia · doi:10.1590/s0102-695x2013000600002 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“If the membrane integrity is disturbed, then the membrane properties of barrier, matrix for enzymes and energy transducer are compromised (Turina Adel et al., 2006; Gill and Holley, 2006).”
BackgroundGómez‐Estaca, J., López-Caballero, M. E., Martínez-Bartolomé, M. Á., de Lacey, A. M. L., Gómez-Guillén, M. C., & Montero, M. P. (2018) · International Journal of Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.06.015 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Oxidation Reactions of Thymol: A Pulse Radiolysis and Theoretical Study
Venu, S., Naik, D. B., Sarkar, S. K., Aravind, U. K., Nijamudheen, A., & Aravindakumar, C. T. (2012) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1021/jp3082358 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Effect of oregano essential oil and carvacrol on Cryptosporidium parvum infectivity in HCT-8 cells
Gaur, S., Kuhlenschmidt, T. B., Kuhlenschmidt, M. S., & Andrade, J. E. (2017) · Parasitology International · doi:10.1016/j.parint.2017.11.001 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Stability and antimicrobial activity of eucalyptus essential oil emulsions
Clavijo-Romero, A., Quintanilla‐Carvajal, M. X., & Ruíz, Y. (2018) · Food Science and Technology International · doi:10.1177/1082013218794841 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“These attributes of this essential oil are related to membrane damage (Di Pasqua et al., 2007; Nazzaro et al., 2013; Turina et al., 2006), cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity (Burt, 2004; Murata et al.”
Uehara, S. A., de Andrade, D. R., Takata, R., Júnior, A., & Vidal, M. V. (2018) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.12.054 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Melanogenic Properties of Essential Oil from Peel of Pomelo cv. Guan Xi
He, W., Li, X., Peng, Y., He, X., & Pan, S. (2019) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules24020242 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Due to the high hydrophobicity of terpenoids, their toxic effects lead to swelling and enhanced fluidity and permeability of the cell membranes [27].”
BackgroundHosseini, S. M., Hejazian, L. B., Amani, R., & Badeli, N. S. (2020) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-020-08128-1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Castro, P. S., Soares, F., & Santos, P. M. (2021) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · doi:10.3390/molecules26010091
Jarvis, G. E., Barbosa, R., & Thompson, A. J. (2015) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.115.230011 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“…nature of the oils suggests that the binding sites of citral, eucalyptol, and linalool are located in the transmembrane region, consistent with the slow wash-in and washout that is observed when compounds must first diffuse into membranes before reaching their target (Turina et al., 2006).”
Background
- Authors
- Turina, A. D. V., Nolan, M. V., Zygadlo, J. A., & Perillo, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (AR)
- Corresponding author
- Perillo, M.A.
- Venue
- Biophysical Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-07
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 101-113
- ISSN
- 0301-4622 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2070361637
- Cited by
- 305
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 1.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biophysical Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Surfactants and Colloidal Systems
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Keywords
- monoterpenes, essential oils, self-assembly, critical micelle concentration, membrane partitioning, surface activity, camphor, 1,8-cineole, thymol, menthol, geraniol, DPPC, Triton X-100, vesicle curvature, membrane polarity, solvation, principal component analysis
- MeSH terms
- Air, Octanols, Bromthymol Blue, Diffusion, Membranes, Artificial, Micelles, Particle Size, Permeability, Phosphatidylcholines, Pyrimidinones, Surface Properties, Terpenes, Water, Molecular Structure, Octoxynol, Principal Component Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review