FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Cardiotocography

Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour

Alfirević, Ž., Devane, D., & Gyte, G. M. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006066 · Cited by 1,037

The emergence of fetal behaviour. I. Qualitative aspects

de Vries, J. I. P., Visser, G. H. A., & Prechtl, H. F. R. (1982) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/0378-3782(82)90033-0 · Cited by 896

Are there behavioural states in the human fetus?

Nijhuis, J. G., Prechtl, H. F. R., Martin, C. B., & Bots, R. S. G. M. (1982) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/0378-3782(82)90106-2 · Cited by 808

Uncertain Value of Electronic Fetal Monitoring in Predicting Cerebral Palsy

Nelson, K. B., Dambrosia, J. M., Ting, T. Y., & Grether, J. K. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199603073341001 · Cited by 530

Choice of instruments for assisted vaginal delivery

O’Mahony, F., Hofmeyr, G. J., & Menon, V. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005455.pub2 · Cited by 352

Combined spinal-epidural versus epidural analgesia in labour

Simmons, S. W., Taghizadeh, N., Dennis, A. T., Hughes, D., & Cyna, A. M. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003401.pub3 · Cited by 335

The emergence of fetal behaviour. II. Quantitative aspects

de Vries, J. I. P., Visser, G. H. A., & Prechtl, H. F. R. (1985) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/0378-3782(85)90174-4 · Cited by 329

Betamimetics for inhibiting preterm labour

Neilson, J. P., West, H., & Dowswell, T. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004352.pub3 · Cited by 300

Intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring versus intermittent auscultation: A meta-analysis

Vintzileos, A. M. (1995) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0029-7844(94)00320-d · Cited by 273

Cardiotocography versus intermittent auscultation of fetal heart on admission to labour ward for assessment of fetal wellbeing

Devane, D., Lalor, J., Daly, S., McGuire, W. L., Cuthbert, A., & Smith, V. A. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005122.pub5 · Cited by 231

Saltatory Pattern of Fetal Heart Rate during Labor Is a Sign of Fetal Hypoxia

Tarvonen, M. J., Sainio, S., Hämäläinen, E. K., Hiilesmaa, V. K., ANDERSSON, S. M., & Teramo, K. A. (2019) · Neonatology · doi:10.1159/000504941 · Cited by 17

Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction and Augmentation, 5th Edition

Simpson, K. R. (2020) · Nursing for Women s Health · doi:10.1016/j.nwh.2020.04.005 · Cited by 17

The addition of fetal scalp blood lactate measurement as an adjunct to cardiotocography to reduce caesarean sections during labour: The Flamingo randomised controlled trial

East, C. E., Davey, M., Kamlin, C. O. F., Davis, P. G., Sheehan, P. M., Kane, S. C., Brennecke, S. P., & The Flamingo Study Group (2021) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/ajo.13327 · Cited by 17

Uterine artery Doppler in early labor and perinatal outcome in low‐risk term pregnancy: prospective multicenter study

Dall’Asta, A., Figueras, F., Rizzo, G., Zegarra, R. R., Morganelli, G., Giannone, M., Cancemi, A., Mappa, I., Lees, C. C., Frusca, T., et al. (2023) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.26199 · Cited by 17

Correlation of a new index reflecting the fluctuation of parasympathetic tone and fetal acidosis in an experimental study in a sheep model

Garabédian, C., Clermont-Hama, Y., Sharma, D., Aubry, E., Butruille, L., Deruelle, P., Storme, L., Jonckheere, J. D., & Houfflin‐Debarge, V. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190463 · Cited by 17

A fetal heart rate morphological analysis toolbox for MATLAB

Boudet, S., de l’Aulnoit, A. H., Demailly, R., Delgranche, A., Peyrodie, L., Beuscart, R., & de l’Aulnoit, D. H. (2020) · SoftwareX · doi:10.1016/j.softx.2020.100428 · Cited by 17

Each Fetus Matters: An Urgent Paradigm Shift is needed to Move away from the Rigid “CTG Guideline Stickers” so as to Individualize Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring and to improve Perinatal Outcomes

Chandraharan, E. (2016) · Obstetrics & Gynecology International Journal · doi:10.15406/ogij.2016.05.00168 · Cited by 16

Comparison of visual and computerised antenatal cardiotocography in the prevention of perinatal morbidity and mortality. A systematic review and meta-analysis

Baker, H., Pilarski, N., Morton, V. H., & Morris, R. K. (2021) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.05.048 · Cited by 16

Role of the cerebro-placental-uterine ratio in predicting adverse perinatal outcome in low-risk pregnancies at term

Graupner, O., Meister, M., Lecker, L., Karim-Payab, S., Franz, C., Carow, J., & Enzensberger, C. (2022) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-022-06733-8 · Cited by 16

Fetal monitoring technologies for the detection of intrapartum hypoxia - challenges and opportunities

Hussain, N. M., O’Halloran, M., McDermott, B., & Elahi, A. (2023) · Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express · doi:10.1088/2057-1976/ad17a6 · Cited by 16

A novel hybrid method for calculating the fetal heart rate from the non-invasive abdominal Electrocardiogram signal

Samuel, B., & Hota, M. K. (2024) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2024.106277 · Cited by 16

Development and evaluation of deep learning models for cardiotocography interpretation

Chiou, N., Young‐Lin, N., Kelly, C. J., Cattiau, J., Tiyasirichokchai, T., Diack, A., Koyejo, S., Heller, K., & Asiedu, M. (2025) · npj Women s Health · doi:10.1038/s44294-025-00068-w · Cited by 16

Automatic Identification and Classification of Fetal Heart-Rate Decelerations from Cardiotocographic Recordings

Sbrollini, A., Carnicelli, A., Massacci, A., Tomaiuolo, L., Zara, T., Marcantoni, I., Burattini, L., Morettini, M., Fioretti, S., & Burattini, L. (2018) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2018.8512432 · Cited by 16

AdvFPCG-Delineator: Advanced delineator for fetal phonocardiography

Tomassini, S., Sbrollini, A., Strazza, A., Sameni, R., Marcantoni, I., Morettini, M., & Burattini, L. (2020) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2020.102021 · Cited by 16

Periodic Change Detection in Fetal Heart Rate Using Cardiotocograph

Das, S., Mukherjee, H., Santosh, K., Saha, C. K., & Roy, K. (2020) · Proceedings - IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems · doi:10.1109/cbms49503.2020.00027 · Cited by 16

Intrapartum fetal heart rate between 150 and 160 bpm at or after 40 weeks and labor outcome

Ghi, T., di Pasquo, E., Dall’Asta, A., Commare, A., Melandri, E., Casciaro, A., Fieni, S., & Frusca, T. (2020) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.14024 · Cited by 19

Cardiotocographic features in COVID-19 infected pregnant women

Sınacı, S., Öcal, F. D., Tokalıoğlu, E. Ö., Öztürk, F. H., Şenel, S. A., Levent, K. H., Tekın, Ö. M., & Şahın, D. (2021) · Journal of Perinatal Medicine · doi:10.1515/jpm-2021-0132 · Cited by 16

Harnessing technology to enable all women mobility in labour and birth: feasibility of implementing beltless non-invasive fetal ECG applying the NASSS framework

Fox, D. J., Coddington, R., Scarf, V. L., Bisits, A., Lainchbury, A., Woodworth, R., Maude, R., Foureur, M. J., & Sandall, J. (2021) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-021-00953-6 · Cited by 16

Effectiveness of ambulatory non‐invasive fetal electrocardiography: impact of maternal and fetal characteristics

Liu, B., Thilaganathan, B., & Bhide, A. (2023) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.14543 · Cited by 16

Estimation of neonatal outcome artery pH value according to CTG interpretation of the last 60 min before delivery: a retrospective study. Can the outcome pH value be predicted?

Kundu, S., Kuehnle, E., Schippert, C., von Ehr, J., Hillemanns, P., & STABOULIDOU, I. (2017) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-017-4516-4 · Cited by 16

Spinal and epidural sufentanil and fentanyl in early labour

Väänänen, A. J., Kuukasjärvi, M., Tekay, A., & Ahonen, J. (2019) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aas.13450 · Cited by 16

Imbalanced Cardiotocography Multi-classification for Antenatal Fetal Monitoring Using Weighted Random Forest

Chen, J., Liu, X., Wei, H., Chen, Q., Hong, J., Li, Q.-N., & Hao, Z. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34482-5_7 · Cited by 15

Vaginal Birth at Term – Part 1. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S3-Level, AWMF Registry No. 015/083, December 2020)

Abou‐Dakn, M., Schäfers, R., Peterwerth, N., Asmushen, K., Bässler-Weber, S., Boes, U., Bosch, A., Ehm, D., Fischer, T., Greening, M., et al. (2022) · Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/a-1904-6546 · Cited by 15

Real-time Classification of Fetal Status Based on Deep Learning and Cardiotocography Data

Lee, K.-S., Choi, E. S., Nam, Y. J., Liu, N. W., Yang, Y. S., Kim, H. Y., Ahn, K. H., & Hong, S. (2023) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10916-023-01960-1 · Cited by 15

Maternal physical activity in healthy pregnancy: Effect on fetal oxygen supply

van Poppel, M. N. M., Kruse, A., & Carter, A. M. (2024) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.14229 · Cited by 16

Affordable and low‐maintenance obstetric devices

Ayres‐de‐Campos, D., Stones, W. R., Theron, G. B., & Commitee, T. F. S. M. A. N. H. (2019) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.12838 · Cited by 15

Outcome of early‐onset fetal growth restriction with or without abnormal umbilical artery Doppler flow

Gairabekova, D., van Rosmalen, J., & Duvekot, J. J. (2021) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.14142 · Cited by 15

True vs Spurious Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Accelerations on the Cardiotocograph (CTG): An Urgent Need for Caution

Chandraharan, E. (2020) · Global Journal of Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.19080/gjorm.2019.07.555722 · Cited by 15

Cerebroplacental Ratio Prediction of Intrapartum Fetal Compromise according to the Interval to Delivery

Morales‐Roselló, J., Khalil, A. A., Loscalzo, G., Buongiorno, S., Brik, M., Mendoza, M., Fabrizio, C. D., Scarinci, E., Salvi, S., Lanzone, A., et al. (2022) · Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy · doi:10.1159/000525162 · Cited by 15

What we have learned about intrapartum fetal monitoring trials in the MFMU Network

Bloom, S. L., Belfort, M. A., & Saade, G. R. (2016) · Seminars in Perinatology · doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2016.03.008 · Cited by 15

Absence of accelerations during labor is of little value in interpreting fetal heart rate patterns

Holzmann, M., Wretler, S., & Nordström, L. (2016) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.12939 · Cited by 15

Digital cardiotocography: What is the optimal sampling frequency?

Romagnoli, S., Sbrollini, A., Burattini, L., Marcantoni, I., Morettini, M., & Burattini, L. (2019) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2019.02.016 · Cited by 15

Intrapartum care: An urgent need to question historical practices and ‘non-evidence’-based, illogical foetal monitoring guidelines to avoid patient harm

Chandraharan, E. (2019) · Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management · doi:10.1177/2516043519878583 · Cited by 15

Fetal Health Prediction From Cardiotocography Recordings Using Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks

Wong, W. K., Juwono, F. H., Apriono, C., & Fitri, I. R. (2025) · IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1109/ojemb.2025.3549594 · Cited by 14

Incidence, clinical features and perinatal outcome in anomalous fetuses with late‐onset growth restriction: cohort study

Dall’Asta, A., Stampalija, T., Mecacci, F., Zegarra, R. R., Sorrentino, S., Minopoli, M., Ottaviani, C., Fantasia, I., Barbieri, M., Lisi, F., et al. (2022) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.24961 · Cited by 14

Baseline/acceleration/deceleration determination of fetal heart rate signals using a novel ensemble LCResU-Net

Liu, M., Zeng, R., Xiao, Y., Bai, J., Liu, J., Zheng, Z., & Lu, Y. (2023) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2023.119610 · Cited by 14

Management of fetuses with apparent normal growth and abnormal cerebroplacental ratio: A risk‐based approach near term

Morales‐Roselló, J., Khalil, A. A., & Martínez‐Varea, A. (2023) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.14732 · Cited by 14

Fetal Heart Rate Auscultation, 3rd edition

Wisner, K., & Holschuh, C. (2018) · Nursing for Women s Health · doi:10.1016/j.nwh.2018.10.001 · Cited by 14

Misoprostol vs dinoprostone vaginal insert in labour induction: comparison of obstetrical outcome

Młodawski, J., Młodawska, M., Armańska, J., Świercz, G., & Głuszek, S. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-88723-5 · Cited by 14

Classification of fetal compromise during labour: signal processing and feature engineering of the cardiotocograph

O’Sullivan, M., Gabruseva, T., Boylan, G. B., O’Riordan, M., Lightbody, G., & Marnane, W. P. (2021) · European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO) · doi:10.23919/eusipco54536.2021.9616289 · Cited by 14

Non-invasive fetal monitoring: Fetal Heart Rate multimodal estimation from abdominal electrocardiography and phonocardiography

Faisant, M., Fontecave-Jallon, J., Genoux, B., Rivet, B., Dia, N., Resendiz, M., Riethmuller, D., Equy, V., & Hoffmann, P. (2022) · Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction · doi:10.1016/j.jogoh.2022.102421 · Cited by 14

A case–control study of the interaction of fetal heart rate abnormalities, fetal growth restriction, meconium in the amniotic fluid and tachysystole, in relation to the outcome of labour

Steer, P. J., Yau, C. W. H., Blott, M., Lattey, K., Nwandison, M., Uddin, Z., Winter, C., & Draycott, T. (2022) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.17302 · Cited by 14

Association between marked fetal heart rate variability and neonatal acidosis: A prospective cohort study

Loussert, L., Berveiller, P., Magadoux, A., Allouche, M., Vayssière, C., Garabédian, C., & Guerby, P. (2022) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.17345 · Cited by 14

Distance to Healthy Metabolic and Cardiovascular Dynamics From Fetal Heart Rate Scale-Dependent Features in Pregnant Sheep Model of Human Labor Predicts the Evolution of Acidemia and Cardiovascular Decompensation

Roux, S. G., Garnier, N., Abry, P., Gold, N., & Frasch, M. G. (2021) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2021.660476 · Cited by 14

PatchCTG: A Patch Cardiotocography Transformer for Antepartum Fetal Health Monitoring

Khan, M. J., Vatish, M., & Jones, G. D. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25092650 · Cited by 13

The association between uterine contraction frequency and fetal scalp pH in women with suspicious or pathological fetal heart rate tracings: A retrospective study

Frenken, M. W. E., van der Woude, D. A. A., Dieleman, J. P., Oei, S. G., & van Laar, J. O. E. H. (2022) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.01.023 · Cited by 13

Achieving an appropriate cesarean birth (CB) rate and analyzing the changes using the Robson Ten‐Group Classification System (TGCS): Lessons from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Italy

di Pasquo, E., Ricciardi, P., Valenti, A., Fieni, S., Ghi, T., & Frusca, T. (2022) · Birth · doi:10.1111/birt.12612 · Cited by 13

Large-scale analysis of interobserver agreement and reliability in cardiotocography interpretation during labor using an online tool

M’Barek, I. B., M’Barek, B. B., Jauvion, G., Holmström, E., Agman, A., Merrer, J., & Ceccaldi, P. (2024) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-024-06322-4 · Cited by 13

Automatic classification of fetal heart rate based on a multi-scale LSTM network

Rao, L., Lü, J., Wu, H., Zhao, S., Lu, B., & Li, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2024.1398735 · Cited by 15

Benefits of yoga in pregnancy: a randomised controlled clinical trial

Kuder, L., Dinevski, D., Dinevski, I. V., Takač, I., Mujezinović, F., & Gašparović, V. E. (2024) · Journal of Perinatal Medicine · doi:10.1515/jpm-2024-0422 · Cited by 13

Cardiotocographic parameters in small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses: How do they vary from normal at different gestational ages? A study of 11687 fetuses from 25 to 40 weeks of pregnancy

Amorim‐Costa, C., Ayres‐de‐Campos, D., & Bernardes, J. (2017) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.13235 · Cited by 13

Cardiotocography analysis based on segmentation-based fractal texture decomposition and extreme learning machine

Cömert, Z., & Kocamaz, A. F. (2017) · Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU) · doi:10.1109/siu.2017.7960397 · Cited by 13

Evidence of lower oxygen reserves during labour in the growth restricted human foetus: a retrospective study

Parisi, S., Monzeglio, C., Attini, R., Biolcati, M., Masturzo, B., Mensa, M., Mischinelli, M., Pilloni, E., & Todros, T. (2017) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-017-1392-7 · Cited by 13

Identifying newborns with umbilical cord blood metabolic acidosis by intrapartum cardiotography combined with fetal ECG ST analysis (STAN): comparison of the new and old FIGO systems to classify cardiotocograms

Olofsson, P., Norén, H., Carlsson, A., & Rosén, K. G. (2018) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2018.1494148 · Cited by 13

A systematic review on the utility of non-invasive electrophysiological assessment in evaluating for intra uterine growth restriction

Smith, V., Nair, A., Warty, R. R., Sursas, J. A., Costa, F. D. S., & Wallace, E. M. (2019) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2357-9 · Cited by 13

Non-Invasive Fetal Electrocardiogram Extraction Based on Novel Hybrid Method for Intrapartum ST Segment Analysis

Martínek, R., Kahankova, R. V., Jaroš, R., Barnova, K., Matonia, A., Jeżewski, M., Czabański, R., Horoba, K., & Jeżewski, J. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3058733 · Cited by 13

Comparison between Cerebroplacental Ratio and Umbilicocerebral Ratio in Predicting Adverse Perinatal Outcome in Pregnancies Complicated by Late Fetal Growth Restriction: A Multicenter, Retrospective Study

Mascio, D. D., Herraı̀z, I., Villalaín, C., Buca, D. I. P., Morales‐Roselló, J., Loscalzo, G., Sileo, F. G., Finarelli, A., Bertucci, E., Facchinetti, F., et al. (2021) · Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy · doi:10.1159/000516443 · Cited by 13

Implementation of a revised classification for intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring and association to birth outcome: A national cohort study

Jonsson, M., Söderling, J. K., Ladfors, L., Nordström, L., Nilsson, M., Algovik, M., Norman, M., & Holzmann, M. (2022) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.14296 · Cited by 13

A Novel, Cardiac-Derived Algorithm for Uterine Activity Monitoring in a Wearable Remote Device

Mhajna, M., Sadeh, B., Yagel, S., Sohn, C., Schwartz, N., Warsof, S. L., Zahar, Y., & Reches, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.933612 · Cited by 13

Technical Update No. 429: Maternal Heart Rate Artefact During Intrapartum Fetal Health Surveillance

Kiely, D., Hobson, S. R., Tyndall, K., & Oppenheimer, L. W. (2022) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2022.06.002 · Cited by 13

Risk factors of stillbirths in four district hospitals on Pemba Island, Tanzania: a prospective cohort study

Skytte, T. B., Holm-Hansen, C. C., Ali, S. M., Ame, S., Molenaar, J., Greisen, G. O., Poulsen, A., Sørensen‎, J. L., & Lund, S. B. (2023) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-023-05613-6 · Cited by 13

Feasibility of antenatal ambulatory fetal electrocardiography: a systematic review

Liu, B., Ridder, A., Smith, V., Thilaganathan, B., & Bhidé, A. (2023) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2023.2204390 · Cited by 13

Implementation of the combined use of non‐invasive fetal electrocardiography and electrohysterography during labor: A prospective clinical study

Frenken, M. W. E., van der Woude, D. A. A., Vullings, R., Oei, S. G., & van Laar, J. O. E. H. (2023) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.14571 · Cited by 13

Baseline fetal heart rate analysis: Eleven automatic methods versus expert consensus

de l’Aulnoit, A. H., Boudet, S., Demailly, R., Peyrodie, L., Beuscart, R., & de l’Aulnoit, D. H. (2016) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2016.7591501 · Cited by 13

Correlation between umbilical vein-to-artery delta pH and type of intrapartum hypoxia in a cohort of acidemic neonates: A retrospective analysis of CTG findings

Ghi, T., Chandraharan, E., Fieni, S., Dall’Asta, A., Galli, L., Ferretti, A., Ricciardi, P., Locatelli, A., Lambicchi, L., Bellussi, F., et al. (2018) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.10.005 · Cited by 13

National survey of routines for intrapartum fetal monitoring in Norway

Kaasen, A., Aanstad, K. J., Pay, A. S. D., Økland, I., & Blix, E. (2018) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.13500 · Cited by 13

Independent Analysis of Decelerations and Resting Periods through CEEMDAN and Spectral-Based Feature Extraction Improves Cardiotocographic Assessment

Fuentealba, P., Manríquez, A. I., & Ortmeier, F. (2019) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app9245421 · Cited by 13

Which is the best ultrasound parameter for the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome within 1 day of delivery?

Morales‐Roselló, J., Loscalzo, G., Gallego, A., Jakaitė, V., & Alfredo Perales, M. (2021) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2021.1989401 · Cited by 12

Tending to the machine: The impact of intrapartum fetal surveillance on women in Australia

Fox, D. J., Coddington, R., Levett, K. M., Scarf, V. L., Sutcliffe, K. L., & Newnham, E. C. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0303072 · Cited by 12

A Pragmatic Approach to Fetal Monitoring via Cardiotocography Using Feature Elimination and Hyperparameter Optimization

Hardalaç, F., Akmal, H., Ayturan, K., Acharya, U. R., & Tan, R. (2022) · Interdisciplinary Sciences Computational Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12539-024-00647-6 · Cited by 12

Long-term outcomes after neonatal acidemia

Zaigham, M., Källén, K., Sundberg, T.-M., & Olofsson, P. (2025) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2025.02.028 · Cited by 12

Evaluation of 3-tier and 5-tier FHR pattern classifications using umbilical blood pH and base excess at delivery

Kikuchi, H., Noda, S., Katsuragi, S., Ikeda, T., & Horio, H. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228630 · Cited by 12

Prognostic Value of Cerebroplacental Ratio in Appropriate-for-Gestational-Age Fetuses Before Induction of Labor in Late-Term Pregnancies

Ortiz, J. U., Graupner, O., Flechsenhar, S., Karge, A., Ostermayer, E., Abel, K., Kuschel, B., & Lobmaier, S. M. (2021) · Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound · doi:10.1055/a-1399-8915 · Cited by 12

Intrapartum deceleration and acceleration areas are associated with neonatal encephalopathy

Geva, Y., Salem, S. Y., Geva, N., Rotem, R., Talmor, M., Shema, N., Shany, E., & Weintraub, A. Y. (2022) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.14638 · Cited by 12

Clinical practice guidelines for intrapartum cardiotocography interpretation: A systematic review

Brown, J., Kanagaretnam, D., & Zen, M. (2023) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/ajo.13667 · Cited by 12

Circadian patterns of heart rate variability in fetal sheep after hypoxia‐ischaemia: A biomarker of evolving brain injury

Lear, C. A., Maeda, Y., King, V. J., Dhillon, S. K., Beacom, M. J., Gunning, M. I., Lear, B. A., Davidson, J. O., STONE, P. R., Ikeda, T., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp284560 · Cited by 12

Federated Machine Learning Based Fetal Health Prediction Empowered with Bio-Signal Cardiotocography

Nasir, M. U., Khalil, O. K., Ateeq, K., Almogadwy, B. S., Khan, M. A., Azam, M. H., & Khan, M. A. (2024) · Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print) · doi:10.32604/cmc.2024.048035 · Cited by 12

The continuous audit of events and outcomes of labour and birth using the Ten Group Classification System and its role in quality improvement

Kempe, P., & Vikström-Bolin, M. (2019) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.04.044 · Cited by 12

Autonomic response to fetal acidosis using an experimental sheep model

Vanspranghels, R. G., Jonckheere, J. D., Drumez, É., Prévost, A. L. D., Sharma, D., Ghesquière, L., Storme, L., Houfflin‐Debarge, V., & Garabédian, C. (2020) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.01.018 · Cited by 12

“My whole room went into chaos because of that thing in the corner”: Unintended consequences of a central fetal monitoring system

Small, K., Sidebotham, M., Gamble, J. A., & Fenwick, J. (2021) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2021.103074 · Cited by 12

Intrapartum fetal surveillance: a physiological approach

Griffiths, K., Gupta, N., & Chandraharan, E. (2022) · Obstetrics Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ogrm.2022.05.003 · Cited by 11

New Markers for Placental Dysfunction at Term – Potential for More

Graupner, O., Kuschel, B., Axt-Fliedner, R., & Enzensberger, C. (2022) · Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/a-1761-1337 · Cited by 11

How does the use of continuous electronic fetal monitoring influence women’s experiences of labour? A systematic integrative review of the literature from high income countries

Murray, S., Fox, D. J., Coddington, R., & Scarf, V. L. (2024) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2024.101619 · Cited by 11

Effect of intrapartum oxygen on the rate of cesarean delivery: a meta-analysis

Burd, J., Quist‐Nelson, J., Moors, S., Raghuraman, N., Aly, H. Z., & Berghella, V. (2021) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100374 · Cited by 11

Does gestational age at term play a role in the association between cerebroplacental ratio and operative delivery for intrapartum fetal compromise?

Ortiz, J. U., Graupner, O., Karge, A., Flechsenhar, S., Haller, B., Ostermayer, E., Abel, K., Kuschel, B., & Lobmaier, S. M. (2021) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.14222 · Cited by 11

Serum Biomarkers Of Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury

Faridová, A., Heřman, H., Danačíková, Š., Svoboda, J., & Otáhal, J. (2023) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.935214 · Cited by 11

Exploring fetal response to acidosis in ewes: Choosing an adequate experimental model

Garabédian, C., Aubry, E., Sharma, D., Bleu, G., Clermont-Hama, Y., Ghesquière, L., Hübert, T., Deruelle, P., Storme, L., Jonckheere, J. D., et al. (2018) · Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction · doi:10.1016/j.jogoh.2018.04.007 · Cited by 11

Implementation of a multidisciplinary perinatal emergency response team improves time to definitive obstetrical evaluation and fetal assessment

Smith, J. A., Sosulski, A., Eskander, R., Moazzez, A., Patel, N., Putnam, B. A., & Kim, D. Y. (2020) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/ta.0000000000002615 · Cited by 11

Normal delivery: physiologic support and medical interventions. Guidelines of the French National Authority for Health (HAS) with the collaboration of the French College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF) and the French College of Midwives (CNSF)

Petitprez, K., Mattuizzi, A., Guillaume, S., Arnal, M., Artzner, F., Bernard, C., Caron, F., Chevalier, I., Daussy-Urvoy, C., Ducloy-Bouthorsc, A.-S., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2021.1918089 · Cited by 11

Intrapartum assessment of fetal well-being

Jayasooriya, G. S., & Djapardy, V. (2017) · BJA Education · doi:10.1093/bjaed/mkx034 · Cited by 11

Clinical evaluation of electrohysterography as method of monitoring uterine contractions during labor: A propensity score matched study

Frenken, M. W. E., Thijssen, K. M. J., Vlemminx, M. W. C., van den Heuvel, E. R., Westerhuis, M. E. M. H., & Oei, S. G. (2021) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.02.029 · Cited by 10

Effect of Intrapartum Maternal Hemoglobin on Mode of Delivery and Short-Term Neonatal Outcome: A Systematic Review

Smith, J. S., Bullens, L. M., der Jagt, M. B. V. D. H., Heimel, P. J. V. R., & Oei, S. G. (2022) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/ogx.0000000000001074 · Cited by 10

Doppler ultrasound of umbilical and middle cerebral artery in third trimester small‐for‐gestational age fetuses to decide on timing of delivery for suspected fetal growth restriction: A cohort with nested RCT (DRIGITAT)

Marijnen, M. C., Kamphof, H. D., Damhuis, S. E., Smies, M., Leemhuis, A. G., Wolf, H., Gordijn, S. J., Ganzevoort, W., & DRIGITAT Trial Group (2024) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.17770 · Cited by 10

Uterine contractile activity and neonatal outcome – A blind analysis of a randomized controlled trial cohort

Juhantalo, M., Hautakangas, T., Palomäki, O., & Uotila, J. T. (2024) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.14838 · Cited by 10

Fetal Heart Rate Preprocessing Techniques: A Scoping Review

Campos, I., Gonçalves, H. M. D. S. L. M., Bernardes, J., & Castro, L. (2024) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering11040368 · Cited by 10

The peripheral chemoreflex and fetal defenses against intrapartum hypoxic-ischemic brain injury at term gestation

Lear, C. A., Dhillon, S. K., Nakao, M., Lear, B. A., Georgieva, A., Ugwumadu, A. H. N., STONE, P. R., Bennet, L., & Gunn, A. J. (2024) · Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.siny.2024.101543 · Cited by 10

Cerebroplacental ratio-based management versus care as usual in non-small-for-gestational-age fetuses at term with maternal perceived reduced fetal movements (CEPRA): a multicentre, cluster-randomised controlled trial

Lens, L. A., Posthuma, S., Damhuis, S. E., Burger, R. J., Groen, H., Duijnhoven, R. G., Kumar, S., Heazell, A. E. P., Khalil, A. A., Ganzevoort, W., et al. (2025) · The Lancet Obstetrics Gynaecology & Women s Health · doi:10.1016/j.lanogw.2025.100002 · Cited by 10

Parasympathetic tone variations according to umbilical cord pH at birth: a computerized fetal heart rate variability analysis

Butruille, L., Jonckheere, J. D., Flocteil, M., Garabédian, C., Houfflin‐Debarge, V., Storme, L., Deruelle, P., & Logier, R. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing · doi:10.1007/s10877-016-9957-y · Cited by 13

Untimely diagnosis of fetomaternal hemorrhage: what went wrong?

Piva, I., Iannone, P., Morano, D., & Greco, P. (2018) · Journal of Perinatal Medicine · doi:10.1515/jpm-2017-0344 · Cited by 10

Use of automated fetal heart rate analysis to identify risk factors for umbilical cord acidosis at birth

de l’Aulnoit, A. H., Génin, M., Boudet, S., Demailly, R., Ternynck, C., Babykina, G., de l’Aulnoit, D. H., & Beuscart, R. (2019) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.103525 · Cited by 10

FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Intermittent auscultation

Lewis, D., Downe, S. M., & Panel, F. I. F. M. E. C. (2015) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.06.019 · Cited by 118

Intermittent auscultation of fetal heart rate during labour – a widely accepted technique for low risk pregnancies: But are the current national guidelines robust and practical?

Sholapurkar, S. L. (2010) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.3109/01443615.2010.484108 · Cited by 13

What are the recommended guidelines for conducting intermittent auscultation in labor wards to ensure fetal well-being?

Tripdatabase (2025) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.17765518

5.6 INTRAPARTUM FETAL HEART RATE MONITORING AIM

Care, I., & Section, B. (2001)

Intermittent auscultation fetal monitoring during labour: A systematic scoping review to identify methods, effects, and accuracy

Blix, E., Maude, R., Hals, E., Kısa, S., Karlsen, E., Nohr, E. A., de Jonge, A., Lindgren, H. E., Downe, S. M., Reinar, L. M., et al. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219573 · Cited by 58