FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Cardiotocography

Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour

Alfirević, Ž., Devane, D., & Gyte, G. M. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006066 · Cited by 1,037

The emergence of fetal behaviour. I. Qualitative aspects

de Vries, J. I. P., Visser, G. H. A., & Prechtl, H. F. R. (1982) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/0378-3782(82)90033-0 · Cited by 896

Are there behavioural states in the human fetus?

Nijhuis, J. G., Prechtl, H. F. R., Martin, C. B., & Bots, R. S. G. M. (1982) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/0378-3782(82)90106-2 · Cited by 808

Uncertain Value of Electronic Fetal Monitoring in Predicting Cerebral Palsy

Nelson, K. B., Dambrosia, J. M., Ting, T. Y., & Grether, J. K. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199603073341001 · Cited by 530

Choice of instruments for assisted vaginal delivery

O’Mahony, F., Hofmeyr, G. J., & Menon, V. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005455.pub2 · Cited by 352

Combined spinal-epidural versus epidural analgesia in labour

Simmons, S. W., Taghizadeh, N., Dennis, A. T., Hughes, D., & Cyna, A. M. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003401.pub3 · Cited by 335

The emergence of fetal behaviour. II. Quantitative aspects

de Vries, J. I. P., Visser, G. H. A., & Prechtl, H. F. R. (1985) · Early Human Development · doi:10.1016/0378-3782(85)90174-4 · Cited by 329

Betamimetics for inhibiting preterm labour

Neilson, J. P., West, H., & Dowswell, T. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004352.pub3 · Cited by 300

Intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring versus intermittent auscultation: A meta-analysis

Vintzileos, A. M. (1995) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0029-7844(94)00320-d · Cited by 273

Cardiotocography versus intermittent auscultation of fetal heart on admission to labour ward for assessment of fetal wellbeing

Devane, D., Lalor, J., Daly, S., McGuire, W. L., Cuthbert, A., & Smith, V. A. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd005122.pub5 · Cited by 231

DopFone: Doppler-Based Fetal Heart Rate Estimation Using Commodity Smartphones

Garg, P., Ma, M., MacKinnon, H. J., Richley, M., Iyer, V., Patel, S., & Adams, A. T. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3770671

Fetal Well-Being Prediction with One-Class Gaussian Process Anomaly Detection

Azarnir, T. G., Heiselman, C. J., & Djurić, P. M. (2025) · European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO) · doi:10.23919/eusipco63237.2025.11226585

Fetal heart and surroundings: umbilical cord traction triggers sympathetic heart rate surge in fetal lambs in the artificial womb

Castaldi, M. A., Castaldi, S. G., Mosquera, M. S., Hwang, G., Heffelfinger, M., Weilerstein, A., Davey, M. G., & Flake, A. W. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1667607

Additional file 1 of Hybrid-FHR: a multi-modal AI approach for automated fetal acidosis diagnosis

Zhao, Z., Zhu, J., Jiao, P., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Lu, X., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26670516

Additional file 1 of Large-scale analysis of interobserver agreement and reliability in cardiotocography interpretation during labor using an online tool

M’Barek, I. B., M’Barek, B. B., Jauvion, G., Holmström, E., Agman, A., Merrer, J., & Ceccaldi, P. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25223557

Additional file 1 of AI-driven decision support systems and epistemic reliance: a qualitative study on obstetricians’ and midwives’ perspectives on integrating AI-driven CTG into clinical decision making

Dlugatch, R., Georgieva, A., & Kerasidou, A. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24954509

Additional file 2 of Hybrid-FHR: a multi-modal AI approach for automated fetal acidosis diagnosis

Zhao, Z., Zhu, J., Jiao, P., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Lu, X., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26670519

Additional file 2 of Added value of the pulmonary vein pulsatility index and its correlation to neonatal umbilical artery pH in fetal growth restrictions: a Vietnamese matched cohort study

Pham, M. S., Tran, D. V., Pham, C. K., Truong, T. L. G., & Nguyen, V. Q. H. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24062540

Additional file 3 of Hybrid-FHR: a multi-modal AI approach for automated fetal acidosis diagnosis

Zhao, Z., Zhu, J., Jiao, P., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Lu, X., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26670522

Additional file 1 of Application of a specific clinical pathway can affect the choice of trial of labor in patients with a history of cesarean delivery

Pšenková, P., Tedla, M., Minarcinova, L., & Záhumenský, J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25656028

Child Mortality Prediction Using Machine Learning Techniques

Rao, B. N. K. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-8510-5.ch011

Multi-Scale, Multi-Basis Wavelet Voting Network for Automatic Analysis of Fetal Heart Rate Signals

Lu, Y., Liu, J., Bai, J., Rong, J., Qi, J., & Yang, Z. (2025) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2025.3647057

Assessing signal loss, accuracy, and acceptability of an ambulatory fetal electrocardiography with cardiotocography in the antepartum and intrapartum phases

Tan, M.-H., Ong, K. J. Y., Tiong, M. M. Y., Sultana, R., Luong, C., Thain, S. P. T., Kanagalingam, D., Chan, J. K. Y., Loy, S. L., & Ku, C. W. (2025) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.70113

Interobserver agreement: Individual CTG features show better agreement among investigators than the overall CTG assessment in cases of meconium-stained amniotic fluid

Rovas, L., Minkauskienė, M., Berskiene, K., Mačiulionytė, V., Papievytė, A., Petkevičiūtė, R., Petrušaitė, A., & Pinauskaitė, A. (2025) · European Journal of Midwifery · doi:10.18332/ejm/215682

Explainable AI in Prenatal Care: A Multi-feature Approach for Fetal Abnormality Detection

Aswathi, M. P. P., & Uma, V. (2026) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-3671-9_7

Toward implementation of lactate compared with pH in fetal scalp blood sampling during labor: A clinical comparative single‐center study

van Woudenberg, S. J., Mijnheer, I., van Borren, M. M. G. J., Roovers, L., & Janse, F. (2026) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.70329

Magnetic Induction Spectroscopy for Continuous Fetal Monitoring: Challenges and Opportunities

Rahimi, H., Baskin, F., Ferrer-Vilanova, A., Brammås, A., Johnson, J., Cuartero, M., Crespo, G. A., Holzmann, M., & Rodriguez, S. (2025) · IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) · doi:10.1109/biocas67066.2025.00045

Safety of Vojta’s reflex locomotion in term pregnancy: a randomized controlled pilot study of uterine activity and labor onset

Martínek, M., Zapletal, J., Drochýtek, V., Janovská, N., Švédová, B., Anna, B., Vlk, R., Lukas, R., Michael, H. J., & Tereza, N. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-31871-9

Analyse automatisée de la cardiotocographie en intrapartum : état des lieux, controverses et perspectives

M’Barek, I. B., Holmström, E., Ceccaldi, P., Michel, J., Vitrou, J., Pennec, E. L., & Stirnemann, J. (2026) · Gynécologie Obstétrique Fertilité & Sénologie · doi:10.1016/j.gofs.2026.01.006

Knowledge-Guided Dual-View Self-Supervised Learning for Robust FHR Signal Classification

Peng, Y., Lu, Y., Shi, S., & Wang, J. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) · doi:10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11357104

Increased rate of C-section in women with rheumatic diseases—indications under the magnifying glass: a retrospective cohort study

Hörhager, C., Mazzucato‐Puchner, A., Ott, J., Kuczwara, V., Szlatinay, A., Simader, E., Mandl, P., Mayrhofer, D., Ritschl, V., Stamm, T., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1895339

Introduction of central fetal monitoring and impact on neonatal outcome – a retrospective observational cohort study

Söröd, M., & Gyllencreutz, E. (2026) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2026.2629687

Pain management in childbirth: Neuraxial analgesia and drug alternatives

Keïta, H., Morau, E., Bonnet, M., Adalid, L., Baptiste, A.-S., Belveyre, T., Bonnin, M., Bouvet, L., Campion, S., Dewandre, P.-Y., et al. (2026) · Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.accpm.2026.101771

Automatic Identification of Fetal Acidosis Based on Three-Stage Training and Meta-Feature Fusion

Wang, H., Yin, Y., Zhang, X., Liu, X., Zhao, J. M., Che, N., & Wang, L. (2026) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app16042045

Prediction of Cesarean Delivery in Term Nulliparous Women with Dinoprostone

Taşkum, İ., Sucu, S., Makansi, N., Yergin, E., Aslan, F., Gökkaya, M., & Sınacı, S. (2026) · Eastern Journal Of Medicine · doi:10.5505/ejm.2026.63004

Maternal age and the predictive performance of the uterine artery pulsatility index for composite adverse perinatal outcomes in late-onset fetal growth restriction: a retrospective cohort study

Golgelioglu, M., Akçabay, Ç., Akverdi, G., & Kavak, S. B. (2026) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-026-08865-0

An Approach of ML Model to Detect Fetal Hypoxia for Fetal Health Status from Cardiotocogram Data

Prasad, K., Patnaik, P. K., Agrawal, A., & Khatri, N. (2026) · International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems · doi:10.1007/s44196-026-01199-x

Strategies to reduce the caesarean section rate at a regional hospital in northern KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

Govender, L. (2026) · South African Journal of Child Health · doi:10.7196/sajch.2025.v20i1.s14

Validation and modification of a cardiotocograph interpretation training programme for midwives in South Africa to address existing interpretation inconsistencies, using the virtual nominal group technique

Lukhele, S., Mulaudzi, F., & Gundo, R. (2026) · South African Journal of Child Health · doi:10.7196/sajch.2025.v20i1.s13

Intra-operative fetal monitoring during non-obstetric surgery for complications after bariatric surgery: a standard operating procedure

Habraken, V., van der Woude, D. A. A., Khemlani, K. H., Leclercq, W., Niemarkt, H. J., & van Laar, J. O. (2026) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2026.2637209

Visual Biofeedback (VB) through Trans-Perineal Ultrasound (TPU) during the active second stage of labor to improve maternal childbirth satisfaction: protocol of a randomized controlled trial

Packet, B., Laenen, A., Haenen, K., Williams, H., Deprest, J. A., & Richter, J. (2026) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-026-08854-3

Randomised study of human machine collaboration for cardiotocography interpretation during labour

M’Barek, I. B., M’Barek, B. B., Jauvion, G., Whelehan, V., Papageorghiou, A., Pennec, E. L., & Stirnemann, J. (2026) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-026-02556-y

Tools or culture? Human factors, not technology, drive cesarean section rates for suspected fetal distress

Ragusa, A., Meloni, A., Maini, I. M., Re, A. L., Luca, C. D., D’Avino, S., Svelato, A., Soncini, E., Ficarola, F., Matta, M., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.70967

Classification of Fetal Health Status Based on Application of Deep Learning and Support Vector Machine from Cardiotocogram Data

Van, D. D., Anh, B. B., Tran, H. D., & Dang, T. H. (2025) · International Conference on Health Science and Technology (ICHST) · doi:10.1109/ichst66555.2025.11428450

Incidence and risk factors associated with fetal heart rate abnormalities within one hour of labor epidural analgesia initiation: a retrospective cohort study

Mousson, C., Ducos, M., Gaouyer, J., Ramdane, N., Estevez, M. G., & Garabédian, C. (2026) · Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction · doi:10.1016/j.jogoh.2026.103166

Allo-immunisation érythrocytaire maternofœtale

Maurice, P., Wirth-Mastain, J., Potier, A., Toly‐Ndour, C., Mailloux, A., Huguet‐Jacquot, S., Beaud, J., Maënulein, E., Lafon, B., Régnier, I., et al. (2026) · EMC - Obstétrique · doi:10.1016/s0246-0335(25)50245-4

Analyse du rythme cardiaque fœtal lors de l’accouchement

Desseauve, D., Farin, A., Garabédian, C., & Riethmuller, D. (2026) · EMC - Obstétrique · doi:10.1016/s0246-0335(25)64569-8

Intrapartum cardiotocographic patterns and perinatal outcomes in extremely preterm births: an exploratory retrospective cohort study

de Klerk, N. D., de Vries, I. R., Dieleman, J. P., Fransen, A. F., & Oei, S. G. (2026) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-026-08954-0

Link Between Non-Invasive Intrapartum Interventions and Cardiotocography Patterns, Amniotic Fluid Color, and Immediate Neonatal Outcomes

Garcia-Cuadrado, N., Fernández-Araque, A., Verde, Z., Sáinz-Gil, M., Durantez‐Fernández, C., García, R. M. C., & Velasco, V. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14070888

Pratiques obstétricales maïeutiques lors de l'accouchement : État des lieux et évaluation des types de poussée

Barasinski, C. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/b760f593z58e6z4e9aza701z976035091654

Acquisition du rythme cardiaque fœtal et analyse de données pour la recherche de facteurs prédictifs de l’acidose fœtale

de l’Aulnoit, A. H. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/8d01e7f3z52b2z422bzafeez3f3e7bc7bd32

Management of acute brain injury in pregnant patients what is different?

Godoy, D. A., Picetti, E., & Llompart-Pou, J. A. (2026) · Current Opinion in Critical Care · doi:10.1097/mcc.0000000000001380

Estimation multimodale du Rythme Cardiaque Foetal : contributions méthodologiques et validation clinique

Rojas, M. R. (2024) · doi:10.70675/f4d59983z4b26z45f0z895ez37abdd5ee723

Wertigkeit der Dopplersonografie im Vergleich zu anderen Überwachungsverfahren

Gnirs, J. L., & Lobmaier, S. M. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-71396-9_20

Intrapartum CTG characteristics associated with isolated single umbilical artery in term fetuses: A matched case–control study

Berben, P. B. Q., de Vries, I. R., Vullings, R., der Jagt, M. B. V. D. H., Oei, S. G., & van Laar, J. O. E. H. (2026) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.70190

Association between the cumulative duration of abnormal cardiotocography patterns and fetal acidemia

Kajiwara, K., Ogawa, K., Reiko, O., Umehara, N., Hidenori, A., Aikou, O., & Wada, S. (2026) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2026.2651460

Fusion of Multimodal Estimations by Extended State Hidden Markov Model: Application to Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring

Rault, B., Fontecave-Jallon, J., & Rivet, B. (2026) · IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp55912.2026.11463080

Perinatal depression symptoms impact on the Computerized Cardiotocography parameters: a prospective studyPreprint

Verde, M. L., Luciano, M., Pisani, D., Cerillo, A., Caparrotti, F., Pasquini, L., Fordellone, M., Brandi, C., Rocca, B. D., & Torella, M. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9022315/v1

Signal loss during external cardiotocography in labor: a retrospective quantitative study

Roth, G.-E., Laurent, A., Goetsch, T., Silva, I. D., & Voillequin, S. (2026) · Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction · doi:10.1016/j.jogoh.2026.103197

Prospective Observational Study Investigating the Association of Fetal Distress and Oligohydramnios With Antenatal Ultrasonographic Umbilical Cord Hypercoiling

Baruah, P., Panda, S., Das, A., Sharma, N. K., Datta, A., Das, R., Lynser, D., Malakar, H., Saikia, D., & Sarma, I. D. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.107944

CTG Monitoring: Obstetricians and the Risk Problem

Small, K., Bewley, S., & Lyerly, A. (2026) · Critical studies in risk and uncertainty · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-02731-3_21

Caesarean Section Delivery: Issue, Rates, Indications and Contraindications, Causes of Increasing Rates, Interventions to Reduce Rates

Visconti, M., Pascucci, E., Monari, F., & Facchinetti, F. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05381-7_69

Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring

Oikonomou, M., & Chandraharan, E. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05381-7_62

Study on the Application Results of a Flexible Wearable Fetal-Maternal Heart Rate Monitor During Labor

Cai, J., Chen, H., Liu, J., Zhang, C., & Huang, Z. H. (2026) · Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering · doi:10.1007/s40846-026-01031-z

Fetal autonomic responses inferred from heart rate variability during recurrent decelerations without acidosis—An observational study

Magawa, S., Nii, M., Tamaishi, Y., Okumura, A., Takakura, S., Maki, S., Toriyabe, K., Takayama, E., Kondo, E., & Ikeda, T. (2026) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.71066

Applicability of fetal heart rate variation, umbilical artery resistivity index and maternal body temperature for predicting imminent parturition in bitches

Gomes, D. R., Salazar, D. V. V., Ramos, D. J., Stanquini, C. S., Disselli, T., Aires, L. P. N., Tinto, S. T., Henriques, M. A. A. D., Müller, A. F., Uscátegui, R. A. R., et al. (2026) · Animal Reproduction · doi:10.1590/1984-3143-ar2025-0103

Edge AI for Low Power, Real-Time Detection of Fetal Compromise

Mendis, L., Karmakar, D., Marimuthu Palaniswami, A., Brownfoot, F., & Keenan, E. (2026) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2026.3697010

Use of intrapartum cardiotocography in low-risk pregnancies: A cross-sectional study

Madsen, F. B., Gommesen, D., Nathan, N. O., Nordentoft, A. C., Hegaard, H. K., & Backhausen, M. G. (2026) · Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare · doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2026.101236

Fetus Condition Detection Using a Hybrid AlexNet and Support Vector Machine Model

Aron, M., Melinte, B.-M., Petroiu, G. G., & Rotariu, C. (2026) · World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-24724-7_62

Cervical ripening with mechanical method vs oral misoprostol in pregnancies with elevated BMI: a cohort study

Castoldi, M., Fuchs, F., Deruelle, P., Scotti, G. M., Candiani, M., & Cavoretto, P. I. (2026) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-026-08458-4

Factors Associated with Cesarean Delivery Due to Intrapartum Fetal Compromise in Late-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Sümer, D., Filiz, A. A., Akbulut, Ö. V., Çanga, K., Seçilir, B., Dönmez, H., Tekeş, G. Ç., & Yücel, K. Y. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15114298

Reference values for fetal heart rate monitoring in a large tertiary hospital population: a retrospective study

Eenkhoorn, C., Goos, T. G., Franx, A., Dankelman, J., Willemsen, S. P., & Eggink, A. J. (2026) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2026.2680348

An attempt to improve recognition of fetal acidemia by a remodeled intrapartum cardiotocography classification: A case–control study

Fogelberg, M., Bjurström, J. W., Dahlbäck, C., Ekengård, F., Rickle, G. S., Källén, K., & Herbst, A. (2026) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.70287

Transperineal Ultrasound Parameters in Predicting Mode of Delivery in Women with Prolonged Second Stage of Labour: Prospective Observational Study

Dhakad, R., Dave, A., & Thora, A. L. (2026) · The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India · doi:10.1007/s13224-026-02399-3

High-frequency oscillation fetal heart rate with normal variability on intrapartum cardiotocography: Pathological finding or misleading pattern?

Petrecca, A., di Pasquo, E., Miglio, A. D., & Ghi, T. (2026) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2026.115253

Machine Learning-Based Classification of Fetal Health Using Cardiotocography Data: An H2O and Power BI Approach

Almazaydeh, L. H., Sabouni, S. A., Seyam, S. M., AlMassad, T. M., Salaas, Y. A., & Aljelani, S. M. (2026) · International Conference on Integrated Intelligence and Cognitive Engineering (ICIICE) · doi:10.1109/iciice69672.2026.11565400

Uterine contractile activity thresholds associated with neonatal acidemia at term: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial cohort

Juhantalo, M., Hautakangas, T., Palomäki, O., & Uotila, J. T. (2026) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.71151

Integrating Clinical Parameters and Cardiotocograms for Real-Time AlertingPreprint

Schulz, C., Kaaz, V., Brodowski, L., Dutemeyer, V., & Deserno, T. M. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9651298/v1

Fast-and-frugal decision trees for clinicians

Katsikopoulos, K. V., Pereira, S., & Keller, N. (2026) · La Presse Médicale · doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2026.104368

A risk-based classification of late-onset fetal growth disorders according to intrapartum fetal compromise

Morales‐Roselló, J., & Khalil, A. A. (2026) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2026.102747

PRACTICE-ORIENTED TRAINING OF OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNECOLOGISTS AT THE WORKPLACE

Berbets, A. M., Semenyak, A., & Rak, L. M. (2026) · Neonatology surgery and perinatal medicine · doi:10.24061/2413-4260.xvi.2.60.2026.2

Prediction of mode of delivery in nulliparous women by single measurement of angle of progression in active phase of first stage of labor

Dasari, P., Durai, V., Garg, S. S., & Vasudevan, S. (2026) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.71096

Fetal Monitoring in Labor

Gnirs, J. L., Schneider, K.-T. M., Kühnert, M., & Schiermeier, S. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-70578-0_42

A systematic review of heat exposure on fetal heart rate: more evidence is urgently needed

Abraham, J. M., M’Barek, I. B., Rubin, G., Isaac, T. S., Jones, G. D., Papageorghiou, A. T., & Hirst, J. E. (2026) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2026.102045

CTG Based Fetal Health Classification Using ML With Interpretability Using SHAP

Varghese, A., Davis, A., Anly, C. T., Annmariya, P. S., & Antony, A. (2026) · International Conference on AI-Driven Solutions for Sustainable Smart Cities: Challenges and Opportunities (ADSSSC) · doi:10.1109/adsssc67751.2026.11582437

Fetal monitoring in pregnancy: proactive actions

Shklyar, A. L., Sviridova, N. I., Ткаченко, Л. В., Skladanovskaya, T. V., & Kostenko, T. I. (2026) · Journal of Volgograd State Medical University · doi:10.19163/1994-9480-2026-23-2-23-30

High-risk category II electronic fetal monitoring features in the first stage of labor is a risk factor for neonatal acidemia

CHAFFAY, J., Woolfolk, C., Kelly, J. C., FROLOVA, A. I., Russell, S., Macones, G. A., Cahill, A. G., & Raghuraman, N. (2026) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2026.102058

Abnormal Intrapartum Cardiotocographic Tracing, Fetal Outcome and Placental Pathology

Nardi, E., Grassi, S., Costantino, A., Simeone, S., Castiglione, F., Oliva, A., & Arena, V. (2026) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics16142224

Impact of oxytocin discontinuation on fetal heart rate and uterine contractility: A pre‐specified ancillary analysis embedded within a randomized trial

Lafforgue, L., Girault, A., Sentilhes, L., Desbrière, R., Korb, D., Barjat, T. R., Ray, C. L., & Garabédian, C. (2026) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.70295

Care of the Newborn and Cord During the Third Stage of Labour (Scientific Impact Paper No. 78)

Bewley, S., Drain, R., Drife, J., Soe, A., & Weeks, A. D. (2026) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.70269

Principles of Intrapartum Monitoring in Fetal Growth Restriction

Zegarra, R. R., Fieni, S., & Ghi, T. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009322270.035

Scientific Evidence for Physiological Interpretation of Cardiotocography

Yan-Ju, J., & Chandraharan, E. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009322270.039

Management of Prolonged Decelerations and Bradycardia

Yanamandra, N., Kanagalingam, D., & Chandraharan, E. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009322270.024

Intrapartum Monitoring of a Preterm Fetus

Krishna, A., & Chandraharan, E. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009322270.013

Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring: Quo Vadis?

Oikonomou, M., Velemir, L., & Chandraharan, E. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009322270.044

Unusual Fetal Heart Rate Patterns

Ingram, C., Aird, K., & Chandraharan, E. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009322270.022

A Single‐Center Retrospective Cohort Study of Risk Factors for Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury at a Tertiary Hospital in Japan

Goto, D., Isohata, H., Yamazaki, Y., Goto, H., Yoshimura, Y., Hattori, K., Shimaoka, T., Oikawa, J., & Ochiai, D. (2026) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.70416

Antepartum electronic fetal monitoring interpretation: multicenter observational study

Gracia, P. V., Paz, C. R., Ávila, C. C., González, K., Sáenz, G., Gómez, A., & Mock, R. (2026) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-026-09711-z

MOM's Care: A Wearable IoT-Based Maternal and Fetal Health Monitoring Framework Using an Android Application and Real- Time Risk Alert Mechanism — A Proof-of-Concept Prototype StudyPreprint

Bose, A., Rana, R. I., & Ghosh, S. K. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10223625/v1

Frequency-Domain Attention Cascaded Multi-Scale Convolutional Network for Fetal Heart Rate Abnormality Classification

You, Z., Zeng, A., & Pan, D. (2026) · International Conference on Computer and Communication Systems (ICCCS) · doi:10.1109/icccs69761.2026.11613497

Cardiotocography patterns are stronger predictors of neonatal acidemia than decision-to-delivery interval in emergency cesarean deliveries

Yilmaz, A., & Kurt, D. (2026) · Ginekologia Polska · doi:10.5603/gpl.108951

Association Between Intrapartum Cardiotocography Patterns and Neonatal Outcomes: A Hospital-Based Observational Study

Chowdhury, S. B., Akther, H., & Chowdhury, N. (2024) · Islami Bank Medical College Journal · doi:10.70945/ibmcj.v19i02.0219

Fetal Responses to Hypoxemia and Asphyxia

Bennet, L., Lear, C. A., Wassink, G., & Gunn, A. J. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009418034.006

An Explainable Hybrid TabNet–Residual MLP Framework for Robust Fetal Health Prediction Using Focal Loss and Leakage-Aware Cross-Validation

Ahmed, S., Elzanfaly, D. S., & Yakoub, A. (2026) · Technologies · doi:10.3390/technologies14080490

Utility of Admission and Intrapartum Cardiotocography for Predicting Umbilical Artery pH Status at Birth: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Iran

Golshahi, F., Sahebdel, B., Saedi, N., Shirazi, M., Golshahi, J., Zare, A., Faraji, N., Madani, Z. H., Hantoushzadeh, S., Salmanian, B., et al. (2026) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.73009

Análisis de las Secuelas Neurobiológicas y Legales tras eventos de Encefalopatía Hipóxico-Isquémica Neonatal, Evaluando la Responsabilidad Médica y el Impacto Psiquiátrico a Largo Plazo en la Madre (tept).

Ordoñez, M. S. I., Barahona, L. D. S., Paspuezán, E. O. C., Cardenas, D. F. M., & Nuñez, R. E. M. (2026) · ASCE MAGAZINE · doi:10.70577/asce.v5i3.1066

Basal plate remodeling in vascular-metabolic pregnancy disorders

Dugalić, S., Jovanović, L., Ivanović, K., Milinčić, M., Pavlović, D., Lazarević, A., & Gojnić-Dugalić, M. (2026) · Journal of Perinatal Medicine · doi:10.1515/jpm-2026-0297

Spontaneous Rupture of Uterine Vessels Complicated with Placental Abruption: A Rare Case Report

Bunjamin, I. A., Hayati, K., Gianina, K., Pusianawati, D., & Rachmadhini, G. T. (2026) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s557211

CMA-Net: a lightweight cross-scale Mamba network for robust fetal monitoring in noisy environments

Zhou, X., Su, Z., & You, Q. (2026) · Biomedical Engineering Letters · doi:10.1007/s13534-026-00612-w

FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Intermittent auscultation

Lewis, D., Downe, S. M., & Panel, F. I. F. M. E. C. (2015) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.06.019 · Cited by 118

Intermittent auscultation of fetal heart rate during labour – a widely accepted technique for low risk pregnancies: But are the current national guidelines robust and practical?

Sholapurkar, S. L. (2010) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.3109/01443615.2010.484108 · Cited by 13

What are the recommended guidelines for conducting intermittent auscultation in labor wards to ensure fetal well-being?

Tripdatabase (2025) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.17765518

5.6 INTRAPARTUM FETAL HEART RATE MONITORING AIM

Care, I., & Section, B. (2001)

Intermittent auscultation fetal monitoring during labour: A systematic scoping review to identify methods, effects, and accuracy

Blix, E., Maude, R., Hals, E., Kısa, S., Karlsen, E., Nohr, E. A., de Jonge, A., Lindgren, H. E., Downe, S. M., Reinar, L. M., et al. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219573 · Cited by 58