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FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Cardiotocography
Open accessAbstract
Intermittent auscultation is the technique used to listen to the fetal heart rate (FHR) for short periods of time without a display of the resulting pattern. Whether it is used for intrapartum fetal monitoring in low-risk women or for all cases in settings where there are no available alternatives, all healthcare professionals attending labor and delivery need to be skilled at performing intermittent auscultation, interpreting its findings, and taking appropriate action. The main aim of this chapter is to describe the tools and techniques for intermittent auscultation in labor.
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“Contrary to common beliefs and assumptions, most cases of CP originate from the antenatal or postnatal period of life.31,86”
From Umbilical cord pH, blood gases, and lactate at birth: normal values, interpretation, and clinical utility. (2023) · cites this paper as [86]
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Liu, B., Thilaganathan, B., & Bhide, A. (2023) · Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1002/uog.26192 · Cited by 4
Diagnostic accuracy of fetal scalp lactate for intrapartum acidosis compared with scalp pH
Pascual, J., Gamboa, S. M., Gimenez, O. R., Esteras, R. C., Rodríguez‐Solanilla, B., & Mateo, S. C. (2016) · Journal of Perinatal Medicine · doi:10.1515/jpm-2016-0044 · Cited by 4
Monitoring fetal well-being in labor in late fetal growth restriction
Dall’Asta, A., Cagninelli, G., Galli, L., Frusca, T., & Ghi, T. (2021) · Minerva Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.23736/s2724-606x.21.04819-x · Cited by 4
Simulation of fetal heart rate variability with a mathematical model
Jongen, G. J. L. M., der Jagt, M. B. V. D. H., Oei, S. G., van de Vosse, F. N., & Bovendeerd, P. H. M. (2017) · Medical Engineering & Physics · doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2017.01.016 · Cited by 4
Ekengård, F., Cardell, M., & Herbst, A. (2022) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2022.2157717 · Cited by 3
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Lukhele, S., Mulaudzi, F., & Gundo, R. (2025) · International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijans.2025.100825 · Cited by 3
Fogelberg, M., Dahlbäck, C., Ekengård, F., Rickle, G. S., & Herbst, A. (2025) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology X · doi:10.1016/j.eurox.2025.100389 · Cited by 3
Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction and Augmentation, 6th Edition
Simpson, K. R. (2025) · Nursing for Women s Health · doi:10.1016/j.nwh.2025.03.001 · Cited by 3
Red blood cell alloimmunization and pregnancy: Diagnosis and management
Valentini, B., Zegarra, R. R., Ghi, T., & Dall’Asta, A. (2025) · Pregnancy · doi:10.1002/pmf2.70085 · Cited by 3
CTGFusionNet: fusion of deep learning models for predicting fetal distress—a multimodal approach
Mohan, P. P. A., Uma, V., Sasirekha, R., & Hamsika, V. (2025) · Health Information Science and Systems · doi:10.1007/s13755-025-00383-1 · Cited by 3
Abunadi, I. (2025) · Machine Learning with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.mlwa.2025.100766 · Cited by 3
Lin, S., Di, X., Yao, M., Xu, Y., Wei, H., Shi, Z., Hao, R., Wu, N., Wang, D., Wang, Z., et al. (2026) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-026-04794-z · Cited by 3
Berben, P. B. Q., Smolders, Y., de Vries, I. R., de Klerk, N. D., Fransen, A. F., Regis, M., der Jagt, M. B. V. D. H., van der Ven, M., den Berg, A. M. J. V. S.-V., Oei, S. G., et al. (2026) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.70187 · Cited by 3
Perinatal Asphyxia (Acute Fetal Distress)
da Silva, F. C., de Sá, R. A. M., & de Oliveira, C. A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83434-0_51 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Ayres‐de‐Campos, D., Spong, C. Y., Chandraharan, E., & Panel, F. I. F. M. E. C.
- Affiliations
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (US)
- St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (GB)
- Venue
- International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-09-30
- Volume
- 131
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 13-24
- ISSN
- 0020-6695 (ISSN-L)
- 0020-7292
- 1879-3479
- OpenAlex
- W1931727703
- Cited by
- 911
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 112 · 2025: 107 · 2024: 108 · 2023: 104 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 98 · 2020: 75 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 9
- FWCI
- 52.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- err (2016-04-01)
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CLOK (University of Central Lancashire) (acceptedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and fetal healthcare
- Keywords
- intrapartum fetal monitoring, cardiotocography, intermittent auscultation, fetal heart rate, labor, low-risk pregnancy, fetal monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Female, Fetal Monitoring, Humans, International Cooperation, Obstetric Labor Complications, Pregnancy, Cardiotocography
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