Effects of Prenatal and Perinatal Exposure to Fine Air Pollutants and Maternal Fish Consumption on the Occurrence of Infantile Eczema
Open accessAbstract
Background: As there is a scarcity of evidence on potential hazards and preventive factors for infantile eczema operating in the prenatal period, the main goal of this study was to assess the role of prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the occurrence of infant eczema jointly with the possible modulating effect of maternal fish consumption. Methods: The study sample consisted of 469 women enrolled during pregnancy, who gave birth to term babies (>36 weeks of gestation). Among all pregnant women recruited, personal measurements of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) were performed over 48 h in the second trimester of pregnancy. After delivery, every 3 months in the first year of the newborn’s life, a detailed, standardized, face-to-face interview was administered to each mother, in the process of which a trained interviewer recorded any history of infantile eczema and data on potential environmental hazards. The estimated risk of eczema related to higher prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 >53.0 µg/m 3) and postnatal ETS as well as the protective effect of maternal fish intake were adjusted for potential confounders in a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: While the separate effects of higher prenatal PM 2.5 and postnatal ETS exposure were not statistically significant, their joint effect appeared to have a significant influence on the occurrence of infantile eczema [odds ratio 2.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–5.18]. With maternal fish intake of more than 205 g/week, the risk of eczema decreased by 43% (odds ratio 0.57, 95% CI 0.35–0.93). The incidence rate ratio (IRR) for eczema symptoms, estimated from the Poisson regression model, was increased with both higher exposure to prenatal PM 2.5 and postnatal ETS (IRR 1.55, 95% CI 0.99–2.44) and in children of atopic mothers (IRR 1.35, 95% CI 1.04–1.75) but was lower in girls (IRR 0.78, 95% CI 0.61–1.00). The observed preventive effect of fish consumption on the frequency of eczema symptoms was consistent with the results of the logistic analysis (IRR 0.72, 95% CI 0.52–0.99). Conclusions: The findings indicate that higher prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter combined with postnatal exposure to ETS may increase the risk of infant eczema, while maternal fish intake during pregnancy may reduce the risk of infantile eczema.
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High prenatal PM2.5 coupled with postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure led to a significantly increased risk for infant eczema.
“Similarly, in the same cohort, high prenatal PM2.5 coupled with postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure led to a significantly increased risk for infant eczema, an inflammatory-driven dermatitis [214].”
From Air pollution and children’s health—a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter (2021) · cites this paper as [214]
The Results (p. 279) report a significant association between joint exposure to high prenatal PM2.5 and postnatal environmental tobacco smoke and the onset of infantile eczema (odds ratio 2.39, 95% CI 1.10–5.18). The claim’s “led to” wording is stronger than the paper’s conclusion (p. 280), which says the combined exposure *may* increase risk rather than establishing causation. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWhen maternal fish intake was high, the risk of infant eczema decreased by 43%.
“However, when maternal fish intake was high, the risk of infant eczema decreased by 43%, indicating possible benefits of PUFAs for reducing allergic disease.”
From Air pollution and children’s health—a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter (2021) · cites this paper as [214]
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- Authors
- Jedrychowski, W., Perera, F., Maugeri, U., Mrozek-Budzyn, D., Miller, R. L., Flak, E., Mroz, E., Jacek, R., & Spengler, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Jagiellonian University (PL)
- Columbia University (US)
- University of Pavia (IT)
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 155
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 275-281
- ISSN
- 1018-2438 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0097
- PMC
- PMC3047761
- OpenAlex
- W2027011766
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Archives of Allergy and Immunology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES010165, R01ES015282, 5 RO1ES10165)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Keywords
- infantile eczema, prenatal air pollution exposure, PM2.5, environmental tobacco smoke, maternal fish consumption, sex differences, eczema prevention, perinatal exposure
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Air Pollution, Animals, Dermatitis, Atopic, Environmental Exposure, Female, Fish Products, Humans, Male, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Prospective Studies, Sex Factors, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Prevalence, Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Particulate Matter, Young Adult
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