Waning COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness for BNT162b2 and CoronaVac in Malaysia: An Observational Study
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Abstract
Objectives We aimed to investigate and compare waning vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 related ICU admission, and COVID-19-related death for BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines. Methods We consolidated national data on COVID-19 vaccination and outcomes, and used cases from September 1 st –30 th , 2021 to compare VE between the ‘early' (fully vaccinated in April–June 2021) and ‘late' (July–August 2021) groups. We estimated VE against COVID-19 infection with a negative binomial regression and VE against ICU admission and death among confirmed COVID-19 cases with a logistic regression. Results For BNT162b2, VE against COVID-19 infections declined from 90.8% (95% CI 89.4, 92.1) in the ‘late' group to 79.3% (95% CI 76.1, 82.1) in the ‘early' group. VE for BNT162b2 against ICU admission and death were stable. For CoronaVac, VE waned against COVID-19 infections from 74.5% (95% CI 70.6, 78.0) to 30.4% (95% CI 18.8, 40.3). Effectiveness against ICU admission waned from 56.0% (95% CI 51.2, 60.2) to 28.7% (95% CI 12.2, 42.1). CoronaVac's effectiveness against death remained stable. Conclusion VE against COVID-19 infection waned after 3–5 months of full vaccination for both BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines in Malaysia. For CoronaVac, protection against ICU admission also declined.
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- Authors
- Suah, J. L., Husin, M., Tok, P. S. K., Tng, B. H., Thevananthan, T., Low, E. V., Appannan, M. R., Muhamad Zin, F., Mohd Zin, S., Yahaya, H., Peariasamy, K. M., & Sivasampu, S.
- Affiliations
- Ministry of Health (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Suah, Jing Lian
- Husin, Masliyana
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-06
- Volume
- 119
- Pages
- 69-76
- ISSN
- 1201-9712 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8938298
- OpenAlex
- W4225402540
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 20
- FWCI
- 8.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Keywords
- COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, waning immunity, BNT162b2, CoronaVac, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 infection, intensive care unit admission, COVID-19 mortality, vaccine protection duration, Malaysia
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, Vaccine Efficacy, BNT162 Vaccine, Humans, Malaysia
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