A new method for three-dimensional evaluation of the cranial shape and the automatic identification of craniosynostosis using 3D stereophotogrammetry
Abstract
Craniosynostosis is a congenital defect which can result in abnormal cranial morphology. Three dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry is potentially an ideal technique for the evaluation of cranial morphology and diagnosis of craniosynostosis because it is fast and harmless. This study presents a new method for objective characterization of the morphological abnormalities of scaphocephaly and trigonocephaly patients using 3D photographs of patients and healthy controls. Sixty 3D photographs of healthy controls in the age range of 3-6 months were superimposed and scaled. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to find the mean cranial shape and the cranial shape variation in this normal population. 3D photographs of 20 scaphocephaly and 20 trigonocephaly patients were analysed by this PCA model to test whether cranial deformities of scaphocephaly and trigonocephaly patients could be objectively identified. PCA was used to find the mean cranial shape and the cranial shape variation in the normal population. The PCA model was able to significantly distinguish scaphocephaly and trigonocephaly patients from the normal population. 3D stereophotogrammetry in combination with the presented method can be used to objectively identify and classify the cranial shape of healthy newborns, scaphocephaly and trigonocephaly patients.
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Data collected with the 3D stereography method can be used for post-operative production of a personalised helmet orthosis.
“In addition to finding a diagnosis with the 3D stereography method described from de Jong et al. 2020, this method also enables an effective follow-up assessment, and the data collected can also be used for the post-operative production of a personalised helmet orthosis [77–79].”
From Developments in diagnostic and surgical techniques in children with sagittal suture craniosynostosis: a systematic review spanning the last 30 years (2025) · cites this paper as [79]
The 3D stereography method described by de Jong et al. 2020 enables effective follow-up assessment.
“In addition to finding a diagnosis with the 3D stereography method described from de Jong et al. 2020, this method also enables an effective follow-up assessment, and the data collected can also be used for the post-operative production of a personalised helmet orthosis [77–79].”
From Developments in diagnostic and surgical techniques in children with sagittal suture craniosynostosis: a systematic review spanning the last 30 years (2025) · cites this paper as [79]
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Artificial Intelligence in Cleft and Craniofacial Care
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- Authors
- Meulstee, J. W., Verhamme, L. M., Borstlap, W. A., Van der Heijden, F., De Jong, G. A., Xi, T., Bergé, S. J., Delye, H., & Maal, T. J. J.
- Affiliations
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Meulstee, J.W.
- Venue
- International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-07
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 819-826
- ISSN
- 0901-5027 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2605184803
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 5.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Twente Research Information (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Craniofacial Disorders and Treatments
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Geometry and Topology › Morphological variations and asymmetry
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face recognition and analysis
- Keywords
- craniosynostosis, scaphocephaly, trigonocephaly, skull morphology, 3D stereophotogrammetry, principal component analysis, neonates, cranial shape variation
- MeSH terms
- Craniosynostoses, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Photogrammetry, Prospective Studies, Case-Control Studies, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Principal Component Analysis
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