Moderne Behandlung von Kraniosynostosen
Open accessAbstract
Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Bei 13–48 % aller Lebendgeborenen treten Auffälligkeiten der Schädelform auf. Meistens ist ein lagerungsbedingter Plagiozephalus ursächlich. Bei vorzeitigem Verschluss von Schädelnähten resultieren pathognomische Deformitäten durch das kompensatorische Wachstum der umgebenden Schädelknochen. Es muss zwischen Einzelnahtsynostosen und Kraniosynostosen im Rahmen syndromaler Erkrankungen unterschieden werden. Ziel: Diese Arbeit soll einen Überblick über Diagnostik, konservative und chirurgische Therapie von Kraniosynostosen geben. Methoden: Narratives Review. Ergebnis: Bei Verdacht auf eine Kraniosynostose erfolgt zunächst die klinische Beurteilung und Einschätzung durch erfahrene Untersucher. Die pathognomische Schädelform ergibt die Arbeitsdiagnose. Bestätigt wird diese durch Verfahren wie 3D-Stereofotografie und Sonographie. In komplexen Fällen können CT oder MRT notwendig sein. Die Indikation für eine Therapie ergibt sich aus ästhetischen Gesichtspunkten und der Vorbeugung psychosozialer Folgen. Bei syndromalen Formen besteht diese insbesondere zur Vermeidung möglicher Folgen eines erhöhten Hirndrucks. Besteht die Indikation zur Operation muss zwischen endoskopischer und offener Technik unterschieden werden. Unterschiede bestehen hier hinsichtlich Invasivität und möglichem Korrekturausmaß. Im Anschluss an die operative Behandlung schließt sich häufig eine Helmtherapie an, um das bestmögliche Ergebnis zu erreichen. Die anschließende Follow-up-Periode erstreckt sich mindestens bis zum 12. Lebensjahr. Insgesamt sollte die Behandlung im Team mit Neurochirurgen, Mund‑, Kiefer‑, Gesichtschirurgen, Kinderärzten, Augenärzten und Humangenetikern stattfinden.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Diagnosis of craniosynostosis is typically based on clinical examination focused on skull shape, with additional methods such as head circumference, cranial ultrasound, and 3D stereophotography, and CT or MRI reserved for complex cases.
“The diagnosis of craniosynostosis is typically based on a clinical examination focused on skull shape. Additional methods, such as head circumference measurement, cranial ultrasound (CUS), and 3D stereophotography, may be used, with computed tomography (CT) or magnet resonance imaging (MRI) reserved for complex cases [2, 7, 8].”
From Developments in diagnostic and surgical techniques in children with sagittal suture craniosynostosis: a systematic review spanning the last 30 years (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
In “Als erster” (page unavailable), the paper says the working diagnosis usually follows clinical assessment of skull shape; it also describes 3D stereophotography and cranial ultrasound, with CT or MRI used for complex or syndromal cases. It does not identify head-circumference measurement as an additional diagnostic method. “Nachbehandlung und Outcome” discusses head-circumference percentiles as a postoperative outcome measure instead. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEarly diagnosis through detailed physical examination enables timely surgical intervention and helps minimise healthcare costs.
“Early diagnosis through a detailed physical examination not only enables timely surgical intervention but also helps minimise healthcare costs, underscoring the value of clinical expertise in managing this condition [2, 27].”
From Developments in diagnostic and surgical techniques in children with sagittal suture craniosynostosis: a systematic review spanning the last 30 years (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
The paper’s “Als erster” section describes clinical examination by an experienced examiner as the first diagnostic step. Its “Indikation” and “Nachbehandlung und Outcome” sections recommend early assessment and, in most cases where surgery is chosen, early correction. Our copy does not say that early diagnosis minimises healthcare costs (searched for Kosten and related terms). Page numbers were not available in the indexed passages. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSonography up to 13 months of age can distinguish an open from a closed suture with a reported sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 86-98%, without anaesthesia.
“sonography up to 13 months of age can distinguish an open from a closed suture with a reported sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 86–98% [2, 32], without any necessary anaesthesia.”
From Developments in diagnostic and surgical techniques in children with sagittal suture craniosynostosis: a systematic review spanning the last 30 years (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
In “Redaktion > Als erster” (page unavailable), the paper describes sonography distinguishing open from ossified sutures, reports sensitivity of approximately 100% and specificity of 86–98%, and says it can be performed without sedation. It does not give a 13-month age limit, and its sensitivity figure is approximate rather than exactly 100%. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredClinical evaluation alone can accurately identify craniosynostosis, eliminating the need for imaging and reducing associated risks.
“Both Agrawal et al. and Schmidt et al. highlighted that clinical evaluation alone can accurately identify the condition, eliminating the need for imaging and reducing associated risks.”
From Developments in diagnostic and surgical techniques in children with sagittal suture craniosynostosis: a systematic review spanning the last 30 years (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
In “Als erster” (page not provided), the paper says clinical examination usually yields a working diagnosis from the characteristic skull shape. It does not say clinical evaluation eliminates imaging: the authors use suture ultrasound for final confirmation and reserve CT or MRI mainly for complex cases. They note that avoiding CT where possible reduces radiation exposure. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDiagnostic confirmation typically involves measurement of head circumference, ultrasonography and, if required and technically possible, three-dimensional stereophotography.
“Diagnostic confirmation typically involves the use of methods such as measurement of the head circumference, ultrasonography and if required and technically possible three-dimensional stereophotography.”
From Developments in diagnostic and surgical techniques in children with sagittal suture craniosynostosis: a systematic review spanning the last 30 years (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
The diagnostic section (‘Als erster’; page unavailable) describes 3D stereophotography as established imaging and says the centre uses cranial-suture ultrasonography for final diagnostic confirmation. It describes measuring the cephalic index, not head circumference, during initial assessment; ‘Nachbehandlung und Outcome’ mentions head-circumference percentiles only as a postoperative outcome measure. The source also describes 3D scans at initial visits rather than limiting them to cases where they are required and technically possible. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Endoscopic approaches are preferred in infants younger than 6 months, while open surgical techniques are typically used in older children.
“Endoscopic approaches are preferred in infants younger than 6 months, while open surgical techniques are typically used in older children [2, 50, 85].”
From Developments in diagnostic and surgical techniques in children with sagittal suture craniosynostosis: a systematic review spanning the last 30 years (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
The Indikation section recommends endoscopic surgery at about 3 months and says open surgery is particularly suitable for children first presenting at 6 months or older. But the Nachbehandlung und Outcome section says this centre also tends to choose open surgery when a child first presents after 4 months, so the paper does not support a general preference for endoscopy throughout the entire under-6-month group. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSchmidt et al. (2023) recommended determining cephalic index as particularly appropriate for scaphocephaly and for follow-up assessment after surgery.
“Another recommended method of assessment would be to determine the CI. This parameter is particularly appropriate for the presence of scaphocephaly and for follow-up assessment, even after surgery [2].”
From Developments in diagnostic and surgical techniques in children with sagittal suture craniosynostosis: a systematic review spanning the last 30 years (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
Schmidt et al. (2023) reported that sonography shows an echo-poor gap in intact sutures and a missing gap in ossified sutures, with sensitivity almost 100% and specificity 86-98% compared to CT.
“In the article published in 2023, Schmidt et al. explained that in sonography an echo-poor gap between the adjoining cranial bones can be recognised in an intact suture, which corresponds to the fibrous unclosed suture; in an ossified cranial suture, however, a corresponding gap is missing [2].”
From Developments in diagnostic and surgical techniques in children with sagittal suture craniosynostosis: a systematic review spanning the last 30 years (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
The effective use of these technologies requires specialized expertise for accurate interpretation.
“The effective use of these technologies still requires specialized expertise for accurate interpretation and further appropriate treatment recommendations based on the latest research findings [2, 6].”
From Developments in diagnostic and surgical techniques in children with sagittal suture craniosynostosis: a systematic review spanning the last 30 years (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
Today the most common approach for evaluating suspected craniosynostosis is a detailed clinical examination by skilled professionals, where characteristic skull morphology serves as the primary indicator for provisional diagnosis.
“Today the most common approach for evaluating suspected craniosynostosis is a detailed clinical examination by skilled professionals, where characteristic skull morphology serves as the primary indicator for provisional diagnosis.”
From Developments in diagnostic and surgical techniques in children with sagittal suture craniosynostosis: a systematic review spanning the last 30 years (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
Two primary surgical approaches are utilized for treatment of craniosynostosis: the (flexible) endoscopic-assisted technique and the conventional open surgical approach, with the choice depending on individual surgical planning and case specifics.
“Two primary surgical approaches are utilized for the treatment of craniosynostosis: the (flexible) endoscopic-assisted technique and the conventional open surgical approach, with the choice depending on individual surgical planning and case specifics.”
From Developments in diagnostic and surgical techniques in children with sagittal suture craniosynostosis: a systematic review spanning the last 30 years (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
In more challenging or atypical cases, additional imaging techniques like CT and MRI may be employed.
“In more challenging or atypical cases, additional imaging techniques like CT and MRI may be employed [2, 7, 8, 37].”
From Developments in diagnostic and surgical techniques in children with sagittal suture craniosynostosis: a systematic review spanning the last 30 years (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Intracranial pressure in craniostenosis
Renier, D., Sainte-Rose, C., Marchac, D., & Hirsch, J.-F. (1982) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1982.57.3.0370 · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Morriss‐Kay, G. M., & Wilkie, A. O. M. (2005) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00475.x · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Endoscopic craniectomy for early surgical correction of sagittal craniosynostosis
Jimenez, D. F., & Barone, C. M. (1998) · Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1998.88.1.0077 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Plagiocephaly and Brachycephaly in the First Two Years of Life: A Prospective Cohort Study
Hutchison, B. L., Hutchison, L. A. D., Thompson, J., & Mitchell, E. A. (2004) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2003-0668-f · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Evolution in the frequency of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis: Clinical article
Di Rocco, F., Arnaud, E., & Renier, D. (2009) · Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics · doi:10.3171/2009.3.peds08355 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
The evolving role of springs in craniofacial surgery: The first 100 clinical cases
Lauritzen, C. G. K., Davis, C., Ivarsson, A., Sanger, C., & Hewitt, T. D. (2008) · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000297638.76602.de · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Intracranial Pressure in Single-Suture Craniosynostosis
Thompson, D. N. P., Malcolm, G. P., Jones, B. M., Harkness, W. F. J., & Hayward, R. D. (2008) · Pediatric Neurosurgery · doi:10.1159/000120907 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Incidence of Cranial Asymmetry in Healthy Newborns
Peitsch, W. K., Keefer, C. H., LaBrie, R. A., & Mulliken, J. B. (2002) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.110.6.e72 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Increase of prevalence of craniosynostosis
Cornelissen, M., Ottelander, B. D., Rizopoulos, D., van der Hulst, R., Mink van der Molen, A., van der Horst, C., Delye, H., van Veelen, M.-L., Bonsel, G., & Mathijssen, I. (2016) · Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jcms.2016.07.007 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
The Impact of Age at Surgery on Long-Term Neuropsychological Outcomes in Sagittal Craniosynostosis
Patel, A., Yang, J. F., Hashim, P. W., Travieso, R., Terner, J. S., Mayes, L. C., Kanev, P. M., Duncan, C. C., Jane, J. A., Jane, J. A., et al. (2014) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000000511 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Hashim, P. W., Patel, A., Yang, J. F., Travieso, R., Terner, J., Losee, J. E., Pollack, I., Jane, J., Jane, J., Kanev, P., et al. (2014) · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000000420 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Cranial vault growth in craniosynostosis
Delashaw, J. B., Persing, J. A., Broaddus, W. C., & Jane, J. A. (1989) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1989.70.2.0159 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Endoscopic-assisted repair of craniosynostosis
Murad, G. J. A., Clayman, M., Seagle, M. B., White, S., Perkins, L. A., & Pincus, D. W. (2005) · Neurosurgical FOCUS · doi:10.3171/foc.2005.19.6.7 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Lateral canthal advancement of the supraorbital margin
Hoffman, H. J., & Mohr, G. (1976) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1976.45.4.0376 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Sagittal craniosynostosis: Surgical outcomes and long-term growth
Fearon, J. A., McLaughlin, E. B., & Kolar, J. C. (2006) · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000200774.31311.09 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
“Black bone” MRI: a partial flip angle technique for radiation reduction in craniofacial imaging
Eley, K. A., McIntyre, A., Watt‐Smith, S. R., & Golding, S. J. (2012) · British Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1259/bjr/95110289 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Long-term developmental follow-up in children with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis
Bellew, M., & Chumas, P. (2015) · Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics · doi:10.3171/2015.3.peds14567 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
An Appraisal of the Cephalic Index in Sagittal Craniosynostosis, and the Unseen Third Dimension
Fearon, J. A., Ditthakasem, K., Herbert, M., & Kolar, J. (2017) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000003422 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Diagnosis and treatment of positional plagiocephaly
Jung, B. K., & Yun, I. S. (2020) · Archives of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.7181/acfs.2020.00059 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The incidence of craniosynostosis in the Netherlands, 1997–2007
Kweldam, C. F., van der Vlugt, J. J., & van der Meulen, J. J. N. M. (2011) · Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2010.08.026 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Infections in Craniofacial Surgery: A Combined Report of 567 Procedures from Two Centers
Fearon, J. A., Yu, J. C.-K., Bartlett, S. P. P., Munro, I. R., & Whitáker, L. A. (1997) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-199709001-00006 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The Whitaker Classification of Craniosynostosis Outcomes: An Assessment of Interrater Reliability
Wes, A. M., Naran, S., Sun, J. J., Mazzaferro, D. M., Xu, W., Nguyen, P. D., Whitáker, L. A., Bartlett, S. P. P., & Taylor, J. A. (2017) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000003688 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Meulstee, J. W., Verhamme, L. M., Borstlap, W. A., Van der Heijden, F., De Jong, G. A., Xi, T., Bergé, S. J., Delye, H., & Maal, T. J. J. (2017) · International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2017.03.017 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Imaging in craniosynostosis: when and what?
Massimi, L., Bianchi, F., Frassanito, P., Calandrelli, R., Tamburrini, G., & Caldarelli, M. (2019) · Child s Nervous System · doi:10.1007/s00381-019-04278-x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Cranial Ultrasound as a First-Line Imaging Examination for Craniosynostosis
Rozovsky, K., Udjus, K., Wilson, N., Barrowman, N. J., Simanovsky, N., & Miller, E. (2016) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2230 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Isaac, K. V., Meara, J. G., & Proctor, M. R. (2018) · Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics · doi:10.3171/2018.5.peds1846 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Combining deep learning with 3D stereophotogrammetry for craniosynostosis diagnosis
de Jong, G., Bijlsma, E., Meulstee, J., Wennen, M., van Lindert, E., Maal, T., Aquarius, R., & Delye, H. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72143-y · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Montoya, J. C., Eckel, L. J., DeLone, D. R., Kotsenas, A. L., Diehn, F. E., Yu, L., Bartley, A. C., Carter, R. E., McCollough, C. H., & Fletcher, J. G. (2017) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a5063 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Maxillary Dental Development in Complete Unilateral Alveolar Clefts
Solis, A., Figueroa, A. A., Cohen, M., Polley, J. W., & Evans, C. A. (1998) · The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal · doi:10.1597/1545-1569(1998)035 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Management of positional plagiocephaly
Saeed, N., Wall, S. A., & Dhariwal, D. K. (2007) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.2006.093740 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Cranial ultrasound is a reliable first step imaging in children with suspected craniosynostosis
Pogliani, L., Zuccotti, G. V., Furlanetto, M., Giudici, V., Erbetta, A., Chiapparini, L., & Valentini, L. (2017) · Child's Nervous System · doi:10.1007/s00381-017-3449-3 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Endoscopic surgery for nonsyndromic craniosynostosis: a 16-year single-center experience
Dalle Ore, C. L., Dilip, M., Brandel, M. G., McIntyre, J. K., Hoshide, R., Calayag, M., Gosman, A. A., Cohen, S. R., & Meltzer, H. S. (2018) · Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics · doi:10.3171/2018.2.peds17364 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Iyer, R. R., Ye, X., Jin, Q., Lu, Y., Liyanage, L. N., & Ahn, E. S. (2018) · Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics · doi:10.3171/2018.5.peds184 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Need for standard outcome reporting systems in craniosynostosis
Szpalski, C., Weichman, K. E., Sagebin, F. M., & Warren, S. M. (2011) · Neurosurgical FOCUS · doi:10.3171/2011.6.focus1192 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Weathers, W. M., Khechoyan, D., Wolfswinkel, E. M., Mohan, K., Nagy, A., Bollo, R. J., Buchanan, E. P., & Hollier, L. H. (2014) · Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction · doi:10.1055/s-0033-1356758 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Suchyta, M. A., Gibreel, W. O., Hunt, C. H., Gorny, K. R., Bernstein, M. A., & Mardini, S. (2018) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000004396 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Langvatn, E. A., Frič, R., Due‐Tønnessen, B. J., & Eide, P. K. (2019) · Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics · doi:10.3171/2019.2.peds18767 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Wood, B. C., Ahn, E. S., Wang, J. Y., Oh, A. K., Keating, R. F., Rogers, G. F., & Magge, S. N. (2017) · Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics · doi:10.3171/2017.1.peds16478 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Hughes, C. D., Langa, O. C., Nuzzi, L. C., Staffa, S. J., Proctor, M. R., Meara, J. G., & Ganske, I. M. (2021) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open · doi:10.1097/gox.0000000000003493 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ottenhausen, M., Heider, J., Al-Butmeh, S., Fassl, V., Keric, N., Heid, F. M., Al‐Nawas, B., & Ringel, F. A. (2021) · Brain and Spine · doi:10.1016/j.bas.2021.100675 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Saeed NR, Wall SA, Dhariwal DK (2008) Manage- ment of positional plagiocephaly. Arch Dis Child 93(1):82-84
- Di Rocco F, Arnaud E, Renier D (2009) Evolution in the frequency of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. J Neurosurg Pediatr 4(1):21-25
- SuchytaMAetal(2018)Usingblackbonemagnetic resonance imaging in craniofacial virtual surgical planning: a comparative cadaver study. Plast Reconstr Surg 141(6):1459-1470
- Kapp-Simon KA (1998) Mental development and learning disorders in children with single suture craniosynostosis. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 35(3):197-203
- LangvatnEAetal(2019)Intracranialvolumeversus static and pulsatile intracranial pressure values in childrenwithcraniosynostosis. JNeurosurgPediatr 24(1):66-74
- Shimoji T, Tomiyama N (2004) Mild trigonocephaly and intracranial pressure: report of 56 patients. Childs Nerv Syst 20(10):749-756
- Fearon JA et al (1997) Infections in craniofacial surgery: acombinedreportof567proceduresfrom two centers. Plast Reconstr Surg 100(4):862-868
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hermann, J., Raak, C. K., Ostermann, T., & Scharbrodt, W. (2025) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-025-03978-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Additional methods, such as head circumference measurement, cranial ultrasound (CUS), and 3D stereophotography, may be used, with computed tomography (CT) or magnet resonance imaging (MRI) reserved for complex cases [2, 7, 8].”
InfluentialSchneider, D. T., Weber, L. T., & Zepp, F. (2023) · Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde · doi:10.1007/s00112-023-01786-8
- Authors
- Schmidt, L., Fassl, V., Erhardt, L., Winter, J., Lollert, A., Heider, J., & Ottenhausen, M.
- Affiliations
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Schmidt, Leon
- Venue
- Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde
- Published
- 2023-01-20
- ISSN
- 0026-9298 (ISSN-L)
- 1433-0474
- OpenAlex
- W4317597426
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 0.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- de
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Gutenberg Open Science (submittedVersion, cc-by-nd)
- Gutenberg Open Science (cc-by)
- Funders
- Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Craniofacial Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pectus Deformity Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Reconstructive Facial Surgery Techniques
- Keywords
- craniosynostosis, plagiocephaly, cranial sutures, syndromic craniosynostosis, endoscopic craniosynostosis surgery, helmet therapy, cranial deformity, cranial ultrasound, multidisciplinary care
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
