Electrophysiological indices of error monitoring in juvenile and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)—A meta-analytic appraisal
Abstract
Attempts to identify the central disturbed processes explaining the overt symptoms of juvenile and adult ADHD rely heavily on the concept of deficient error monitoring processes. A number of studies have investigated event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral performance in tasks traditionally used to probe the interference control and inhibition of motor responses. The inspection of the error negativity (Ne/ERN) and error positivity (Pe) components evoked in these tasks has produced conflicting results with respect to the nature and extent of an error monitoring deficit in ADHD. A meta-analytic aggregation of these single studies should help develop a reliable appraisal of the evidence for the compromised performance monitoring processes in ADHD. Our meta-analysis was confined to studies of adult and juvenile ADHD participants examined in GoNogo and Flanker task studies that also reported the Ne/ERN and Pe ERP components. Only seven studies were suited for the meta-analysis, but their aggregation nevertheless led to clear results: Ne was attenuated in adult and adolescent ADHD participants for both tasks, and Pe was attenuated only in the GoNogo tasks. The ADHD participants made more errors than the controls in both tasks but responded slower only in the Flanker task. To our knowledge, this meta-analysis is the first to compare electrophysiological and behavioral indices of error monitoring in adult and juvenile ADHD patients and healthy controls. Admittedly, the data av…
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Reduced ERN and Pe amplitudes have been found in studies of children and adults with ADHD using choice reaction time tasks.
“Reduced ERN and Pe amplitudes have been found in studies of children and adults with ADHD using choice reaction time tasks, suggesting the ERN and Pe may serve as biomarkers for the disorder (Bellato et al. 2021; Figuracion et al. 2024; Geburek et al. 2013; Kaiser et al. 2020; Liu et al. 2020; Lutz et al. 2021).”
From Reaction Time Variability and Electrophysiological Indices of Performance Monitoring in Youths With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2026) · cites this paper as Geburek et al. 2013
No citation lists for this paper
No citation lists for this paper yet — checked again daily.
References 87 · Cited by 71
Research works printed but not linked: 51
- Banaschewski, 2007, Annotation: what electrical brain activity tells us about brain function that other techniques cannot tell us—a child psychiatric perspective, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 415, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01681.x · DOI
- Boonstra, 2010, To act or not to act, that's the problem: primarily inhibition difficulties in adult ADHD, Neuropsychology, 24, 209, 10.1037/a0017670 · DOI
- Brázdil, 2005, Intracerebral error-related negativity in a simple Go/NoGo task, Journal of Psychophysiology, 19, 244, 10.1027/0269-8803.19.4.244 · DOI
- Chang, 2009, Error monitoring in college students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Journal of Psychophysiology, 23, 113, 10.1027/0269-8803.23.3.113 · DOI
- Cubillo, 2011, Fronto-striatal underactivation during interference inhibition and attention allocation in grown up children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and persistent symptoms, Psychiatry Research, 193, 17, 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.12.014 · DOI
- Davidson, 2008, ADHD in adults, a review of the literature, Journal of Attention Disorders, 11, 628, 10.1177/1087054707310878 · DOI
- Davies, 2004, Development of error-monitoring event-related potentials in adolescents, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1021, 324, 10.1196/annals.1308.039 · DOI
- Dibbets, 2010, Differential brain activation patterns in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) associated with task switching, Neuropsychology, 24, 413, 10.1037/a0018997 · DOI
- Donchin, 1988, Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating?, The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11, 357, 10.1017/S0140525X00058027 · DOI · Paper page
- DuPaul, 2001, Self-report of ADHD symptoms in university students: cross-gender and cross-national prevalence, Journal of Learning Disabilities, 34, 370, 10.1177/002221940103400412 · DOI
- Eriksen, 1974, Effects of noise letters upon identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task, Perception & Psychophysics, 16, 143, 10.3758/BF03203267 · DOI · Paper page
- Fayyad, 2007, Cross-national prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 402, 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.034389 · DOI · Paper page
- Gehring, 1993, A neural system for error detection and compensation, Psychological Science, 4, 385, 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00586.x · DOI · Paper page
- Goodman, 1997, The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a research note, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, 581, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x · DOI · Paper page
- Groom, 2010, Electrophysiological indices of abnormal error-processing in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 66, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02128.x · DOI
- Haavik, 2010, Clinical assessment and diagnosis of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 10, 1569, 10.1586/ern.10.149 · DOI
- Hedges, 1981, Distribution theory for Glass's estimator of effect size and related estima, Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 6, 107, 10.3102/10769986006002107 · DOI · Paper page
- Hedges, 2010, Robust variance estimation for meta-regression with dependent effect size estimators, Research Synthesis Methods, 1, 39, 10.1002/jrsm.5 · DOI · Paper page
- Herrmann, 2009, The effect of ADHD symptoms on performance monitoring in a non-clinical population, Psychiatry Research, 169, 144, 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.06.015 · DOI
- Herrmann, 2010, Neural correlates of performance monitoring in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 11, 457, 10.3109/15622970902977552 · DOI
- Holroyd, 1998, Error-related scalp potentials elicited by hand and foot movements: evidence for an output independent error-processing system in humans, Neuroscience Letters, 242, 65, 10.1016/S0304-3940(98)00035-4 · DOI
- Kessler, 2006, The Prevalence and Correlates of Adult ADHD in the United States: results From the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 716, 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.4.716 · DOI · Paper page
- Kooij, 2005, Internal and external validity of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in a population-based sample of adults, Psychological Medicine, 35, 817, 10.1017/S003329170400337X · DOI · Paper page
- Kopp, 1996, N2, P3 and the lateralized readiness potential in a NoGo task involving selective response priming, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 99, 19, 10.1016/0921-884X(96)95617-9 · DOI · Paper page
- McLoughlin, 2009, Performance monitoring is altered in adult ADHD: a familial event-related potential investigation, Neuropsychologia, 47, 3134, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.07.013 · DOI
- Mulligan, 2011, Neural correlates of inhibitory control in adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: evidence from the Milwaukee longitudinal sample, Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 194, 119, 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.02.003 · DOI
- Nieuwenhuis, 2001, Error-related brain potentials are differentially related to awareness of response errors: evidence from an antisaccade task, Psychophysiology, 38, 752, 10.1111/1469-8986.3850752 · DOI · Paper page
- Nigg, 2001, Is ADHD a disinhibitory disorder?, Psychological Bulletin, 127, 571, 10.1037/0033-2909.127.5.571 · DOI
- Nigg, 2005, Executive functions and ADHD in adults: evidence for selective effects on ADHD symptom domains, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 706, 10.1037/0021-843X.114.3.706 · DOI · Paper page
- O'Connell, 2009, The neural correlates of deficient error awareness in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Neuropsychologia, 47, 1149, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.01.011 · DOI
- Overbeek, 2005, Dissociable components of error processing: on the functional significance of the Pe vis-à-vis the ERN/Ne, Journal of Psychophysiology, 19, 319, 10.1027/0269-8803.19.4.319 · DOI · Paper page
- Polanczyk, 2007, The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis, The American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 942, 10.1176/appi.ajp.164.6.942 · DOI · Paper page
- Polich, 2007, Updating P300: an integrative theory of P3a and P3b, Clinical Neurophysiology, 118, 2128, 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.04.019 · DOI · Paper page
- Rohlf, 2011, Biological child and adolescent psychiatry. Set shifting and working memory in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Journal of Neural Transmission
- Rosenthal, 1979, The “file drawer problem” and tolerance for null results, Psychological Bulletin, 86, 638, 10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638 · DOI · Paper page
- Segalowitz, 2009, Individual differences and developmental change in the ERN response: implications for models of ACC function, Psychological Research, 73, 857, 10.1007/s00426-008-0193-z · DOI
- Sergeant, 2000, The cognitive-energetic model: an empirical approach to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 24, 7, 10.1016/S0149-7634(99)00060-3 · DOI · Paper page
- Shiels, 2010, Self-regulation in ADHD: the role of error processing, Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 951, 10.1016/j.cpr.2010.06.010 · DOI · Paper page
- Simons, 2010, The way of our errors: theme and variations, Psychophysiology, 47, 1, 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00929.x · DOI · Paper page
- Solanto, 2011, Diagnosis of ADHD in adults: what is the appropriate DSM-5 symptom threshold for hyperactivity–impulsivity?, Journal of Attention Disorders, 1–4
- Spitzer, 1992, The structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R (SCID), I: history, rationale, and description, Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 624, 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820080032005 · DOI · Paper page
- Szuromi, 2011, P300 deficits in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis, Psychological Medicine, 41, 1529, 10.1017/S0033291710001996 · DOI
- Vidal, 2000, Is the error negativity specific to errors?, Biological Psychology, 51, 109, 10.1016/S0301-0511(99)00032-0 · DOI · Paper page
- Viechtbauer, 2010, Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package, Journal of Statistical Software, 36, 1, 10.18637/jss.v036.i03 · DOI · Paper page
- Ward, 1993, The WURS: a rating scale to aid in the retrospective diagnosis of ADHD in childhood, The American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 885
- Welsh, 1988, Assessing frontal lobe functioning in children: views from developmental psychology, Developmental Neuropsychology, 4, 199, 10.1080/87565648809540405 · DOI
- Wiersema, 2007, Developmental changes in error monitoring: an event-related potential study, Neuropsychologia, 45, 1649, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.01.004 · DOI
- Wiersema, 2009, ERP correlates of error monitoring in adult ADHD, Journal of Neural Transmission, 116, 371, 10.1007/s00702-008-0165-x · DOI
- Wild-Wall, 2009, Neural activity associated with executive functions in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), International Journal of Psychophysiology, 74, 19, 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.06.003 · DOI
- Wilens, 2002, Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan, Annual Review of Medicine, 53, 113, 10.1146/annurev.med.53.082901.103945 · DOI
- Yeung, 2004, The neural basis of error detection: conflict monitoring and the error-related negativity, Psychological Review, 111, 931, 10.1037/0033-295X.111.4.931 · DOI · Paper page
- Authors
- Geburek, A. J., Rist, F., Gediga, G., Stroux, D., & Pedersen, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Münster (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Geburek, A.J.
- ORCID
- Pedersen, A.
- Venue
- International Journal of Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-03
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 349-362
- ISSN
- 0167-8760 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1986361448
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, error monitoring, error-related negativity, error positivity, event-related potentials, go/no-go task, flanker task, interference control, performance monitoring, adult ADHD
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Monitoring, Physiologic, Neuropsychological Tests
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review