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Cited by 9Endometriosis Research and TreatmentGynecological conditions and treatmentsEctopic Pregnancy Diagnosis and Management

Case report: Caesarean scar endometriosis – A rare entity

Open access
Purbadi, Sigit, Purwoto, Gatot, Winarto, Hariyono, Nuryanto, Kartiwa H., Scovani, Laurensia, Sotarduga, Gilbert Elia·2021·International Journal of Surgery Case Reports
DOI 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106204PMC PMC8329506
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Abstract

Introduction and importance: Caesarean scar endometriosis (CSE) is a rare form of endometriosis due to previous surgical scars from obstetrical and gynecological procedures. The incidence of CSE was 0.08% and quite difficult to diagnose. Case presentation: A 37-year-old multiparous woman came with intermittent pain in her lower left abdominal region and lump with a bluish color and solid consistency on the left side of the caesarean scar. Ultrasounds findings show a solid mass, measured 45 × 40 × 39 mm with neovascularization color score: 4. In April 2021, we performed mass resection, intraoperatively we found solid mass with no adhesion and infiltration found. Histological examination results confirm external endometriosis from the mass and the fascia was free from endometriosis. The symptoms reported relief after the procedure. Clinical discussion: Scar endometriosis is largely related to previous abdominal surgery like caesarean section, the mass increase in size during menses and becomes symptomatic. CSE develop ranging 12 months to 21 years and could mimic other hernias or tumor, that's why careful and precise examination is needed. The imaging modality we use in this case was ultrasonography which is the best and most accessible, reliable and cost-effective to diagnose. We performed large surgical excision of the lesion with reconstruction of damaged tissue to prevent recurrence and conversion to malignancy. Conclusion: Caesarean scar endometriosis should be considered in women of reproductive age with lower abdominal pain and/or mass at the caesarean scar from previous delivery or following obstetric-gynecologic surgery. Highlights:

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This case report describes a 37-year-old multiparous woman with caesarean scar endometriosis presenting as a painful bluish lump at the left end of a prior caesarean scar, confirmed by ultrasound and histology after surgical excision. The authors conclude that caesarean scar endometriosis should be considered in reproductive-age women with lower abdominal pain and/or a mass at a caesarean scar, and recommend complete surgical excision with reconstruction of damaged tissue.

Key findings

  • A 37-year-old woman with two prior caesarean sections (2010 and 2014) had intermittent lower left abdominal pain for about six years and a bluish, solid lump at the left side of the caesarean scar measuring 4 cm × 4 cm on physical examination.
  • Ultrasound showed a solid mass measuring 45 × 40 × 39 mm with neovascularization color score 4; in April 2021, mass resection including the fascia was performed, with intraoperative finding of a 5 cm solid mass, no adhesion or infiltration, and histology confirming external endometriosis with fascia free from endometriosis.
  • The patient reported symptom relief after surgery, and the authors state that CSE incidence is reported as 0.03–0.45%, with one study citing 0.08%, and that CSE can develop from 12 months to 21 years after surgery.
  • The discussion recommends large surgical excision with reconstruction of damaged tissue to prevent recurrence and conversion to malignancy, while noting that non-surgical gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs do not reduce size and recurrence after cessation is constant.

Methods

  • Single case report with case presentation, clinical discussion, and literature review.
  • Data included history, physical examination, ultrasound, intraoperative findings, histological examination, and postoperative follow-up; a timeline table summarized events from 2010 to April 2021.
  • Main analysis was descriptive synthesis of the case alongside cited literature; no statistical analysis was reported.

Limitations

  • The paper states that advanced imaging (CT/MRI) was not performed and that fine-needle aspiration cytology was not performed in this patient.
  • The paper does not include a formal limitations section; evident from the text, this is a single case report, so findings are not generalizable and no comparative or long-term follow-up data are provided.
  • Evident from the text, the duration of postoperative follow-up is not specified beyond routine wound control and a last follow-up noting complete extraction.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106204

Cites

20 of 20 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 32 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Findingown data

    Ultrasound findings showed a solid mass measuring 45 × 40 × 39 mm with neovascularization color score 4.

    “Ultrasounds findings show a solid mass, measured 45 × 40 × 39 mm with neovascularization color score: 4.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    No evidence of endometriosis was found after the procedure.

    “The patient reported a relief of symptoms after the procedure and no evidence of endometriosis was found.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    The patient reported relief of symptoms after the procedure.

    “The symptoms reported relief after the procedure.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Premisecitation

    Scar endometriosis is largely related to previous abdominal surgery like caesarean section.

    “Scar endometriosis is largely related to previous abdominal surgery like caesarean section, the mass increase in size during menses and becomes symptomatic.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [4] Padmanabhan L. Mhaskar R. Mhaskar A. Scar endometriosis J. Obstet. Gynecol. India 53 1 2003 59 61

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [5] Bhowmick R.N. Paul P. Dutra S. Roy B. Endometriosis of laparotomy scar (a review of 13 cases) J. Obstet. Gynecol. India 36 1 1986 130 131

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [6] Chatterjee S.K. Scar endometriosis: a clinicopathologic study of 17 cases Obstet. Gynecol. 56 1 1980 81 84 7383492

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Premisecitation

    The mass of CSE appears hypoechoic and heterogeneous with messy internal echoes on ultrasound.

    “The mass will appear hypoechoic and heterogeneous with messy internal echoes [15], [17].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [15] Ideyi S.C. Schein M. Niazi M. Gerst P.H. Spontaneous endometriosis of the abdominal wall Dig. Surg. 20 3 2003 246 248 10.1159/000070392 12759505 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [17] Hensen J.-H.J. Van Breda Vriesman A.C. Puylaert J.B.C.M. Abdominal Wall endometriosis: clinical presentation and imaging features with emphasis on sonography Am. J. Roentgenol. 186 3 2006 616 620 10.2214/AJR.04.1619 16498086 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims. 13
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 13

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Intraoperatively, a solid mass with a diameter of 5 cm, soft consistency, and clear border was found, with no adhesion and infiltration.

    “In April 2021, we performed mass resection, intraoperatively we found solid mass with no adhesion and infiltration found.”
    • Also stated in: § Case description · plain
      “Intraoperatively was found solid mass with a diameter of 5 cm, soft consistency, and clear border (Fig. 4). No adhesion and infiltration were found.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    A 37-year-old multiparous woman presented with intermittent pain in her lower left abdominal region and a bluish solid lump on the left side of the caesarean scar.

    “A 37-year-old multiparous woman came with intermittent pain in her lower left abdominal region and lump with a bluish color and solid consistency on the left side of the caesarean scar.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Histological examination confirmed external endometriosis from the mass and the fascia was free from endometriosis.

    “Histological examination results confirm external endometriosis from the mass and the fascia was free from endometriosis.”
    • Also stated in: § Case description · plain
      “Histological examination results confirm external endometriosis from the mass and the fascia was free from endometriosis (Fig. 5).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    The patient had a history of two previous caesarean sections in 2010 and 2014.

    “She had a history of previous caesarean sections twice in 2010 and 2014.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The caesarean section was performed with Pfannenstiel incision without any post-operative complication.

    “From the obstetrical history, the caesarean section was performed with Pfannenstiel incision without any post-operative complication.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The incidence of CSE is 0.08%.

    “The incidence of CSE was 0.08% and quite difficult to diagnose.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [10] Minaglia S. Mishell D.R. Ballard C.A. Incisional endometriomas after cesarean section: a case series J. Reprod. Med. 52 7 2007 630 634 17847762

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Caesarean scar endometriosis (CSE) is a rare form of endometriosis due to previous surgical scars from obstetrical and gynecological procedures.

    “Caesarean scar endometriosis (CSE) is a rare form of endometriosis due to previous surgical scars from obstetrical and gynecological procedures.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [4] Padmanabhan L. Mhaskar R. Mhaskar A. Scar endometriosis J. Obstet. Gynecol. India 53 1 2003 59 61

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [5] Bhowmick R.N. Paul P. Dutra S. Roy B. Endometriosis of laparotomy scar (a review of 13 cases) J. Obstet. Gynecol. India 36 1 1986 130 131

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [6] Chatterjee S.K. Scar endometriosis: a clinicopathologic study of 17 cases Obstet. Gynecol. 56 1 1980 81 84 7383492

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    CSE can develop ranging 12 months to 21 years.

    “CSE can develop ranging 12 months to 21 years because it could be remain dormant for several years until it shows symptoms, the common symptoms include cyclical pain, swelling which worsen in the menstrual cycle [3].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [3] Douglas C. Rotimi O. Extragenital endometriosis - a clinicopathological review of a Glasgow hospital experience with case illustrations J. Obstet. Gynaecol. (Lahore) 24 7 2004 804 808 10.1080/01443610400009568 15763794

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The most plausible theory for scar endometriosis is direct mechanical implantation: endometrial tissue from uterine opening is accidentally implanted into the abdominal incision and grows to form a mass that increases in size during menses and becomes symptomatic.

    “Most studies said that scar endometriosis involves surgical procedures in which the uterus is opened, endometrial tissue gets accidentally implanted into the abdominal incision and it grows to form a mass that increases in size during menses and becomes symptomatic, this is the most plausible theory named direct mechanical implantation [14].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [14] Gunes M. Kayikcioglu F. Ozturkoglu E. Haberal A. Incisional endometriosis after cesarean section, episiotomy and other gynecologic procedures J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 31 5 2005 471 475 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2005.00322.x 16176520 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationown data

    CSE occurs in women of reproductive age with lower abdominal pain and/or mass at the caesarean scar from previous delivery or following obstetric-gynecologic surgery.

    “Caesarean scar endometriosis should be considered in women of reproductive age with lower abdominal pain and/or mass at the caesarean scar from previous delivery or following obstetric-gynecologic surgery.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Interpretationnone given

    Larger and deeper lesions to the muscle or fascia are more difficult to excise completely.

    “A surgical procedure like we do in our cases is an accurate treatment of choice of SCE and also for recurrent lesions, as expected, the larger and deeper lesions to the muscle or the fascia are more difficult to excise completely.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Scar endometriosis is a rare form of endometriosis that is usually confused with other surgical or dermatological lesions.

    “Scar endometriosis is a rare form of endometriosis that is usually confused with other surgical or dermatological lesion [3].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [3] Douglas C. Rotimi O. Extragenital endometriosis - a clinicopathological review of a Glasgow hospital experience with case illustrations J. Obstet. Gynaecol. (Lahore) 24 7 2004 804 808 10.1080/01443610400009568 15763794

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Cleaning the abdominal wound with saline solution before closure, especially in corner sites, is needed to prevent recurrence; careful flushing and irrigation of the adipose layer and fascia layer during closure is critical.

    “Recent studies also suggest the need to clean the abdominal wound with saline solution before closure especially in corner sites to prevent recurrence, careful flushing and irrigation of the adipose layer and fascia layer during closure is critical [21].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [21] Zhang P. Sun Y. Zhang C. Yang Y. Zhang L. Wang N. Cesarean scar endometriosis: presentation of 198 cases and literature review BMC Womens Health 19 1 2019 14 10.1186/s12905-019-0711-8 30658623 PMC6339338

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    MRI is a useful modality for presurgical mapping of deep pelvis endometriosis with sensitivity 90-92% and specificity 91-98%.

    “A study said that MRI is a useful modality for presurgical mapping of deep pelvis endometriosis with sensitivity and specificity that could reach 90%–92% and 91%–98%, respectively [18].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [18] Kinkel K. Frei K.A. Balleyguier C. Chapron C. Diagnosis of endometriosis with imaging: a review Eur. Radiol. 16 2 2006 285 298 10.1007/s00330-005-2882-y 16155722 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    CSE may cause long-term discomfort involving cyclic lower abdominal pain.

    “It is a rare disease, with a reported incidence of 0.03–0.45% CSE may cause long-term discomfort involving cyclic lower abdominal pain [7], [8], [9].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [7] Horton J.D. DeZee K.J. Ahnfeldt E.P. Wagner M. Abdominal wall endometriosis: a surgeon’s perspective and review of 445 cases Am. J. Surg. 196 2008 207 212 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.07.035 18513698 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [8] Nominato N.S. Prates L.F.V.S. Lauar I. Morais J. Maia L. Geber S. Caesarean section greatly increases risk of scar endometriosis Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 152 1 2010 83 85 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.05.001 20510495 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [9] Reddi Rani P. Soundararaghavan S. Rajaram P. Endometriosis in abdominal scars - review of 27 cases Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. 36 3 1991 215 218 10.1016/0020-7292(91)90716-I 1685456 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Surgical procedure is an accurate treatment of choice for SCE and recurrent lesions.

    “A surgical procedure like we do in our cases is an accurate treatment of choice of SCE and also for recurrent lesions, as expected, the larger and deeper lesions to the muscle or the fascia are more difficult to excise completely.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: Large surgical excision with reconstruction of damaged tissue is effective in preventing recurrence and conversion to malignancy in patients with SCE.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs help alleviate clinical symptoms of SCE but do not reduce the size and recurrence after cessation of medication is constant.

    “For the non-surgical, we could use gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs which help alleviate clinical symptoms, but this method did not reduce the size and recurrence after the cessation of medication is constant [19].”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [19] Cherrabi F. Moukit M. Kouach J. Rahali D.M. Dehayni M. <article-title>Caesarean scar endometriosis: a case report</article-title> <journal-title>Int. J. Reprod. Contracept. Obstet. Gynecol.</journal-title> Int. J. Reprod. Contracept. Obstet. Gynecol. 7 3 2018 Feb 27 1221 10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20180922 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    CSE can be diagnosed by physical examination and comprehensive history-taking, presenting with mass near previous surgical scar associated with regularly repeating colic pain.

    “CSE can be diagnosed by physical examination and comprehensive history-taking, it presents with mass near previous surgical scar associated with regularly repeating colic pain, which also appeared in our cases [16].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [16] Cöl C. Yilmaz E.E. Cesarean scar endometrioma: case series World J. Clin. Cases 2 5 2014 133 136 10.12998/wjcc.v2.i5.133 24868512 PMC4023306 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Primary cutaneous endometriosis without prior abdominal surgery could be caused by tubal retrograde spread, genetic and immunologic influences, lymphatic and vascular spread.

    “However, this theory cannot explain all cases where few cases of primary cutaneous endometriosis without prior abdominal surgery such as vulva, perineum, groin, umbilicus, and extremities, hence these types of endometriosis could be caused by tubal retrograde spread, genetic and immunologic influences, lymphatic and vascular spread [15].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [15] Ideyi S.C. Schein M. Niazi M. Gerst P.H. Spontaneous endometriosis of the abdominal wall Dig. Surg. 20 3 2003 246 248 10.1159/000070392 12759505 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) is one of the most frequent extra pelvic locations, mostly occurring due to previous surgical scars from obstetrical and gynecological procedures such as caesarean delivery, hysterectomy, episiotomy, and tubal ligations.

    “Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) is one of the most frequent extra pelvic locations, mostly occur due to previous surgical scars from obstetrical and gynecological procedures such as caesarean delivery, hysterectomy, episiotomy, and tubal ligations [4], [5], [6].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [4] Padmanabhan L. Mhaskar R. Mhaskar A. Scar endometriosis J. Obstet. Gynecol. India 53 1 2003 59 61

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [5] Bhowmick R.N. Paul P. Dutra S. Roy B. Endometriosis of laparotomy scar (a review of 13 cases) J. Obstet. Gynecol. India 36 1 1986 130 131

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites [6] Chatterjee S.K. Scar endometriosis: a clinicopathologic study of 17 cases Obstet. Gynecol. 56 1 1980 81 84 7383492

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Caesarean section greatly increases the risk of developing AWE due to direct implantation of endometrial tissue from the caesarean incision to the scar.

    “Nominato et al., said that CS greatly increased the risk of developing AWE due to its pathophysiology where endometrial tissue from caesarean incision directly implanted to the scar.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites [8] Nominato N.S. Prates L.F.V.S. Lauar I. Morais J. Maia L. Geber S. Caesarean section greatly increases risk of scar endometriosis Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 152 1 2010 83 85 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.05.001 20510495 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    CSE has a reported incidence of 0.03-0.45%.

    “It is a rare disease, with a reported incidence of 0.03–0.45% CSE may cause long-term discomfort involving cyclic lower abdominal pain [7], [8], [9].”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites [7] Horton J.D. DeZee K.J. Ahnfeldt E.P. Wagner M. Abdominal wall endometriosis: a surgeon’s perspective and review of 445 cases Am. J. Surg. 196 2008 207 212 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.07.035 18513698 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [8] Nominato N.S. Prates L.F.V.S. Lauar I. Morais J. Maia L. Geber S. Caesarean section greatly increases risk of scar endometriosis Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 152 1 2010 83 85 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.05.001 20510495 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [9] Reddi Rani P. Soundararaghavan S. Rajaram P. Endometriosis in abdominal scars - review of 27 cases Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. 36 3 1991 215 218 10.1016/0020-7292(91)90716-I 1685456 source

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Ultrasonography is the best and most accessible, reliable, and cost-effective imaging technique to diagnose CSE.

    “We also need to use ultrasonographic examination to prove our suggestion, it is the best and most accessible, reliable, and cost-effective imaging technique to diagnose CSE.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites [15] Ideyi S.C. Schein M. Niazi M. Gerst P.H. Spontaneous endometriosis of the abdominal wall Dig. Surg. 20 3 2003 246 248 10.1159/000070392 12759505 source

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites [17] Hensen J.-H.J. Van Breda Vriesman A.C. Puylaert J.B.C.M. Abdominal Wall endometriosis: clinical presentation and imaging features with emphasis on sonography Am. J. Roentgenol. 186 3 2006 616 620 10.2214/AJR.04.1619 16498086 source

      Not checked in the free run.

23 of 23

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    The main cause of endometriosis in this patient was direct implantation during intraperitoneal lavage with sterile water.

    “From this fact we assume the main cause of endometriosis in this patient was from direct implantation that could be happened during intraperitoneal lavage with sterile water.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    CSE can mimic other hernias or tumors.

    “CSE develop ranging 12 months to 21 years and could mimic other hernias or tumor, that's why careful and precise examination is needed.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Large surgical excision with reconstruction of damaged tissue is effective in preventing recurrence and conversion to malignancy in patients with SCE.

    “From our experience, we suggested large surgical excision of the lesion with a reconstruction of damaged tissue for patients with SCE because based on our experience this type of surgery is effective in preventing recurrence and conversion to malignancy.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    CSE is the most commonly reported type of AWE.

    “Caesarean Scar Endometriosis (CSE) is the most commonly reported type of AWE.”
4 of 4

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Endometriosis is a sex hormone-dependent gynecological disease in which functional and morphological endometrial tissue is present outside the uterine cavity.

    “Endometriosis is a sex hormone-dependent gynecological disease where the functional and morphological endometrial tissues are present outside the uterine cavity [1].”

    From Abdominal Wall Endometriosis at the Cesarean Section Scar (2023) · cites this paper as [1]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 21 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Padmanabhan, 2003, Scar endometriosis, J. Obstet. Gynecol. India, 53, 59
  2. Bhowmick, 1986, Endometriosis of laparotomy scar (a review of 13 cases), J. Obstet. Gynecol. India, 36, 130

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Purbadi, S., Purwoto, G., Winarto, H., Nuryanto, K. H., Scovani, L., & Sotarduga, G. E.
Affiliations
Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (ID)
Corresponding author
Purbadi, Sigit
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2021-01
Volume
85
Issue
C
Pages
106204
ISSN
2210-2612 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106204
PMC
PMC8329506
OpenAlex
W3184244872
Semantic Scholar
619f1a0e3c75639a16fdcb272450fcf4f5f5db5d
Cited by
9
References
21
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2
FWCI
1.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Surgery Case Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gynecological conditions and treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosis and Management
Keywords
scar endometriosis, cesarean section, abdominal wall mass, ultrasonography, surgical excision, abdominal pain, recurrence prevention

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