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Plasticity of CD4+ T Cell Lineage Differentiation
Open accessAbstract
The differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells into lineages with distinct effector functions has been considered to be an irreversible event. T helper type 1 (Th1) cells stably express IFN-gamma, whereas Th2 cells express IL-4. The discovery and investigation of two other CD4(+) T cell subsets, induced regulatory T (iTreg) cells and Th17 cells, has led to a rethinking of the notion that helper T cell subsets represent irreversibly differentiated endpoints. Accumulating evidence suggests that CD4(+) T cells, particularly iTreg and Th17 cells, are more plastic than previously appreciated. It appears that expression of Foxp3 by iTreg cells or IL-17 by Th17 cells may not be stable and that there is a great degree of flexibility in their differentiation options. Here, we will discuss recent findings that demonstrate the plasticity of CD4(+) T cell differentiation and the biological implications of this flexibility.
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“The former group encompasses functionally distinct populations including T H 1 cells responsible for host defense against intracellular microbes and implicated in systemic autoimmunity, T H 2 cells that fight off extracellular parasites and are involved in anaphylactic reactions and T H 17 cells that mediate immunity against extracellular bacteria and fungi as well as organspecific autoimmunity (Z”
From Iron in infection and immunity (2020) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2009
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“However, the current view is that CD4 Th cell subsets are not separate lineages but have plasticity and form a continuum of mixed functional capacities [177, 178].”
From Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition) (2021) · cites this paper as [177]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhou, L., Chong, M. M. W., & Littman, D. R.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Littman, Dan R.
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 646-655
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2016827757
- Cited by
- 1,551
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 90 · 2015: 99 · 2014: 110 · 2013: 145 · 2012: 134
- FWCI
- 11.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 1574 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Keywords
- CD4+ T cell differentiation, T cell plasticity, Th1 cells, Th2 cells, induced regulatory T cells, Th17 cells, Foxp3, IL-17, T helper cell subsets
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer, Humans, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Cytokines, Cell Lineage, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Forkhead Transcription Factors
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