A perspective on biofuels use and CCS for GHG mitigation in the marine sector
Open accessAbstract
The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the marine sector were around 2.6% of world GHG emissions in 2015 and are expected to increase 50%-250% to 2050 under a "business as usual" scenario, making the decarbonization of this fossil fuel-intensive sector an urgent priority. Biofuels, which come in various forms, are one of the most promising options to replace existing marine fuels for accomplishing this in the short to medium term. Some unique challenges, however, impede biofuels penetration in the shipping sector, including the low cost of the existing fuels, the extensive present-day refueling infrastructure, and the exclusion of the sector from the Paris climate agreement. To address this, it is necessary to first identify those biofuels best suited for deployment as marine fuel. In this work, the long list of possible biofuel candidates has been narrowed down to four high-potential options-bio-methanol, bio-dimethyl ether, bio-liquefied natural gas, and bio-oil. These options are further evaluated based on six criteria-cost, potential availability, present technology status, GHG mitigation potential, infrastructure compatibility, and carbon capture and storage (CCS) compatibility-via both an extensive literature review and stakeholder discussions. These four candidates turn out to be relatively evenly matched overall, but each possesses certain strengths and shortcomings that could favor that fuel under specific circumstances, such as if compatibility with existing shipping infrastructure or with CCS deployment become pivotal requirements. Furthermore, we pay particular attention to the possibility of integrating deployment of these biofuels with CCS to further reduce marine sector emissions. It is shown that this aspect is presently not on the radar of the industry stakeholders but is likely to grow in importance as CCS acceptability increases in the broader green energy sector.
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The marine transportation sector could go for further alternative fuels to replace fossil-based ones compared to the aviation sector, as the engines and infrastructures of ships are more adequate to use lower-quality fuels.
“the marine transportation sector could go for further alternative fuels to replace the fossil-based ones in comparison to aviation sector”
From Assessing the future prospects of emerging technologies for shipping and aviation biofuels: A critical review (2024) · cites this paper as [46]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Challenges and opportunities for alternative fuels in the maritime sector
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- Authors
- Mukherjee, A., Bruijnincx, P., & Junginger, M.
- Affiliations
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Mukherjee, Agneev
- Venue
- iScience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 101758
- ISSN
- 2589-0042 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7674516
- OpenAlex
- W3096784050
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 141
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 0.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- iScience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biodiesel Production and Applications
- Keywords
- biofuels, carbon capture and storage, maritime decarbonization, ship emissions, bio-methanol, bio-oil, GHG mitigation, stakeholder perspectives
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