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An evolutionary perspective on the mechanisms of immunosenescence
Open accessAbstract
There is an accumulating body of evidence that a decline in immune function with age is common to most if not all vertebrates. For instance, age-associated thymic involution seems to occur in all species that possess a thymus, indicating that this process is evolutionary ancient and conserved. The precise mechanisms regulating immunosenescence remain to be resolved, but much of what we do know is consistent with modern evolutionary theory. In this review, we assess our current knowledge from an evolutionary perspective on the occurrence of immunosenescence, we show that life history trade-offs play a key role and we highlight the possible advantages of the age-related decline in thymic function.
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“In addition, their number decreases following the involution of primary lymphoid organs, because age-related defects have been observed in their stroma.”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“An abrupt contraction is seen in later life.”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Therefore, at the age of 50, T cell production is <10% of its previous peak levels.”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“The reduced ability to respond to new antigens is linked to a decreased number of peripheral naïve T and B cells (see last paragraph of this section).”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [36]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Shanley, D. P., Aw, D., Manley, N. R., & Palmer, D. B.
- Affiliations
- Newcastle University (GB)
- Royal Veterinary College (GB)
- University of Georgia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shanley, Daryl P.
- Palmer, Donald B.
- Venue
- Trends in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-07
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 374-381
- ISSN
- 1471-4906 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2045107302
- Cited by
- 315
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 1.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Trends in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RVC Research Online (Royal Veterinary College) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Keywords
- immunosenescence, thymic involution, aging, immune function decline, life-history trade-offs, evolutionary immunology, thymus, vertebrates
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Biological Evolution, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Reproduction, Thymus Gland, T-Lymphocyte Subsets
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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