The DOI matches its Crossref record; 119 of the 119 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An evolutionary perspective on the mechanisms of immunosenescence
Open accessAbstract
There is an accumulating body of evidence that a decline in immune function with age is common to most if not all vertebrates. For instance, age-associated thymic involution seems to occur in all species that possess a thymus, indicating that this process is evolutionary ancient and conserved. The precise mechanisms regulating immunosenescence remain to be resolved, but much of what we do know is consistent with modern evolutionary theory. In this review, we assess our current knowledge from an evolutionary perspective on the occurrence of immunosenescence, we show that life history trade-offs play a key role and we highlight the possible advantages of the age-related decline in thymic function.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In addition, their number decreases following the involution of primary lymphoid organs, because age-related defects have been observed in their stroma.”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“An abrupt contraction is seen in later life.”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Therefore, at the age of 50, T cell production is <10% of its previous peak levels.”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“The reduced ability to respond to new antigens is linked to a decreased number of peripheral naïve T and B cells (see last paragraph of this section).”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [36]
Citations
Cites
Inflamm‐aging: An Evolutionary Perspective on Immunosenescence
FRANCESCHI, C., BONAFÈ, M., VALENSIN, S., OLIVIERI, F., DE LUCA, M., OTTAVIANI, E., & DE BENEDICTIS, G. (2000) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.x · Cited by 5,358
Pleiotropy, natural selection, and the evolution of senescence.
Williams, G. C. (1957) · Evolution · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1957.tb02911.x · Cited by 4,279
The moulding of senescence by natural selection
Hamilton, W. D. O. (1966) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/0022-5193(66)90184-6 · Cited by 2,289
Franceschi, C., Capri, M., Monti, D., Giunta, S., Olivieri, F., Sevini, F., Panourgia, M. P., Invidia, L., Celani, L., Scurti, M., et al. (2007) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2006.11.016 · Cited by 2,087
Kirkwood, T. B. L. (1977) · Nature · doi:10.1038/270301a0 · Cited by 2,007
Pleiotropy, natural selection, and the evolution of senescence
Williams, G. C. (1957) · Evolution · doi:10.2307/2406060 · Cited by 1,912
AN UNSOLVED PROBLEM OF BIOLOGY
(1953) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1953.tb84985.x · Cited by 1,806
Kirkwood, T. B. L., & Austad, S. N. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35041682 · Cited by 1,774
IMMUNOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF THE THYMUS
MILLER, J. (1961) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(61)90693-6 · Cited by 1,396
Evolution of senescence: late survival sacrificed for reproduction
Kirkwood, T. B. L., & Rose, M. R. (1991) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1991.0028 · Cited by 1,127
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Inflammation and aging: signaling pathways and intervention therapies
Li, X., Li, C., Zhang, W., Wang, Y., Qian, P., & Huang, H. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01502-8 · Cited by 1,443
“In addition, the majority of functional cells are substituted with senescent fibroblasts and adipocytes, and stromal cells during thymus aging.(88,111,112) In the aged mouse thymus, elevated levels of phosphorylated histone H2AX and the Table 1.”
BackgroundSpeakman, J. R., & Mitchell, S. E. (2011) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2011.07.001 · Cited by 797
Aiello, A., Farzaneh, F., Candore, G., Caruso, C., Davinelli, S., Gambino, C. M., Ligotti, M. E., Zareian, N., & Accardi, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02247 · Cited by 693
Age and immunity: What is “immunosenescence”?
Pawelec, G. (2018) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2017.10.024 · Cited by 606
Immunosenescence and inflammaging in the aging process: age-related diseases or longevity?
Santoro, A., Bientinesi, E., & Monti, D. (2021) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101422 · Cited by 603
The Effect of Age on Thymic Function
Palmer, D. B. (2013) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00316 · Cited by 494
Aging of the immune system: Focus on inflammation and vaccination
Pinti, M., Appay, V., Campisi, J., Frasca, D., Fülöp, T., Sauce, D., Larbi, A., Weinberger, B., & Cossarizza, A. (2016) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201546178 · Cited by 439
Ageing of the human metaorganism: the microbial counterpart
Biagi, E., Candela, M., Fairweather‐Tait, S. J., Franceschi, C., & Brigidi, P. (2011) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-011-9217-5 · Cited by 375
Thymic involution and rising disease incidence with age
Palmer, S., Albergante, L., Blackburn, C. C., & Newman, T. J. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1714478115 · Cited by 364
Human Hemato-Lymphoid System Mice: Current Use and Future Potential for Medicine
Rongvaux, A., Takizawa, H., Strowig, T., Willinger, T., Eynon, E. E., Flavell, R. A., & Manz, M. G. (2013) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-095921 · Cited by 359
The Immune System and Its Dysregulation with Aging
Müller, L., Benedetto, S. D., & Pawelec, G. (2019) · Sub-cellular biochemistry/Subcellular biochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3681-2_2 · Cited by 294
Ageing and gut microbes: Perspectives for health maintenance and longevity
Biagi, E., Candela, M., Turroni, S., Garagnani, P., Franceschi, C., & Brigidi, P. (2013) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2012.10.005 · Cited by 276
Eisenberg, D. T. A. (2010) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.21127 · Cited by 215
Gui, J., Mustachio, L. M., Su, D., & Craig, R. W. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 211
Thymus and aging: morphological, radiological, and functional overview
Rezzani, R., Nardo, L., Favero, G., Peroni, M., & Rodella, L. F. (2013) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-013-9564-5 · Cited by 198
Ageing compromises mouse thymus function and remodels epithelial cell differentiation
Baran‐Gale, J., Morgan, M. D., Maio, S., Dhalla, F., Calvo‐Asensio, I., Deadman, M. E., Handel, A. E., Maynard, A., Chen, S., Green, F., et al. (2020) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.56221 · Cited by 191
Calcium channel ITPR2 and mitochondria–ER contacts promote cellular senescence and aging
Ziegler, D. V., Vindrieux, D., Goehrig, D., Jaber, S., Collin, G., Griveau, A., Wiel, C., Bendridi, N., Djebali, S., Farfariello, V., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-20993-z · Cited by 202
Mechanisms Underlying T Cell Immunosenescence: Aging and Cytomegalovirus Infection
Tu, W., & Rao, S. (2016) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.02111 · Cited by 192
The Nlrp3 inflammasome promotes age-related thymic demise and immunosenescence
Youm, Y.-H., Kanneganti, T.-D., Vandanmagsar, B., Zhu, X., Ravussin, A., Adijiang, A., Owen, J. S., Thomas, M. J., Francis, J., Parks, J. S., et al. (2012) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2011.11.005 · Cited by 172
Microbiota and Mucosal Immunity in Amphibians
Colombo, B. M., Scalvenzi, T., Benlamara, S., & Pollet, N. (2015) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00111 · Cited by 171
B cell maintenance and function in aging
Kogut, I., Scholz, J. L., Cancro, M. P., & Cambier, J. C. (2012) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2012.04.004 · Cited by 166
Molecular control over thymic involution: From cytokines and micro RNA to aging and adipose tissue
Dooley, J., & Liston, A. (2012) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201142305 · Cited by 159
Synchrony of telomere length among hematopoietic cells
Kimura, M., Gazitt, Y., Cao, X., Zhao, X. R., Lansdorp, P. M., & Aviv, A. (2010) · Experimental Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2010.06.010 · Cited by 154
Cancer and Aging - the Inflammatory Connection
Zinger, A., Cho, W. C. S., & Ben‐Yehuda, A. (2017) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2016.1230 · Cited by 138
Human Milk and Allergic Diseases: An Unsolved Puzzle
Munblit, D., Peroni, D. G., Boix-Amorós, A., Hsu, P. S., Land, B. V., Gay, M. C. L., Kolotilina, A., Skevaki, C. L., Boyle, R. J., Collado, M. C., et al. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9080894 · Cited by 165
Immunosenescence and pneumococcal disease: an imbalance in host-pathogen interactions.
Krone, C. L., van de Groep, K., Trzciński, K., Sanders, E. A. M., & Bogaert, D. (2014) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(13)70165-6 · Cited by 134
Pediatric T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Karrman, K., & Johansson, B. (2016) · Genes Chromosomes and Cancer · doi:10.1002/gcc.22416 · Cited by 136
The role of constraints and limitation in driving individual variation in immune response
Ardia, D. R., Parmentier, H. K., & Vogel, L. A. (2010) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01759.x · Cited by 130
Immunology of the ageing kidney
Sato, Y., & Yanagita, M. (2019) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-019-0185-9 · Cited by 126
Sekai, M., Hamazaki, Y., & Minato, N. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.10.011 · Cited by 124
Physiology and pathology of T-cell aging
Minato, N., Hattori, M., & Hamazaki, Y. (2020) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxaa006 · Cited by 124
A Decline in p38 MAPK Signaling Underlies Immunosenescence in Caenorhabditis elegans
Youngman, M. J., Rogers, Z. N., & Kim, D. H. (2011) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002082 · Cited by 3
Rejuvenation of the aging thymus: growth hormone-mediated and ghrelin-mediated signaling pathways
Taub, D. D., Murphy, W. J., & Longo, D. L. (2010) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2010.04.015 · Cited by 119
Abrams, E. T., & Miller, E. M. (2011) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.21621 · Cited by 109
Glynn, J. R., & Moss, P. A. H. (2020) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-020-00668-y · Cited by 117
Impact of age on T cell signaling: A general defect or specific alterations?
Larbi, A., Pawelec, G., Wong, S. C., Goldeck, D., Tai, J. J.-Y., & Fulop, T. (2011) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2010.09.008 · Cited by 108
MicroRNA-29 in the adaptive immune system: setting the threshold
Liston, A., Papadopoulou, A. S., Danso‐Abeam, D., & Dooley, J. (2012) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-012-1124-0 · Cited by 108
The C. elegans healthspan and stress-resistance assay toolkit
Keith, S. A., Amrit, F. R. G., Ratnappan, R., & Ghazi, A. (2014) · Methods · doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.04.003 · Cited by 104
Immunosenescence in wild animals: meta‐analysis and outlook
Peters, A., Delhey, K. J. V., Nakagawa, S., Aulsebrook, A. E., & Verhulst, S. (2019) · Ecology Letters · doi:10.1111/ele.13343 · Cited by 113
Cellular senescence as a potential mediator of COVID‐19 severity in the elderly
Nehme, J., Borghesan, M., Mackedenski, S., Bird, T. G., & Demaria, M. (2020) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13237 · Cited by 94
Early-life inflammation, immune response and ageing
Khan, I., Agashe, D., & Rolff, J. (2017) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.0125 · Cited by 96
The untwining of immunosenescence and aging
Xu, W., Wong, G. C. L., Hwang, Y. Y., & Larbi, A. (2020) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-020-00824-x · Cited by 105
Ventevogel, M. S., & Sempowski, G. D. (2013) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2013.06.002 · Cited by 90
Inflammaging and Complement System: A Link Between Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Graft Damage
Franzin, R., Stasi, A., Fiorentino, M., Stallone, G., Cantaluppi, V., Gesualdo, L., & Castellano, G. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00734 · Cited by 93
Aging and immunity – Impact of behavioral intervention
Müller, L., & Pawelec, G. (2013) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.11.015 · Cited by 96
A Wild C. Elegans Strain Has Enhanced Epithelial Immunity to a Natural Microsporidian Parasite
Balla, K. M., Andersen, E. C., Kruglyak, L., & Troemel, E. R. (2015) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004583 · Cited by 90
Age‐related variation in immunity in a wild mammal population
Nussey, D. H., Watt, K., Pilkington, J. G., Zamoyska, R., & McNeilly, T. N. (2011) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00771.x · Cited by 90
Elyahu, Y., & Monsonego, A. (2020) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101231 · Cited by 93
Segner, H., Verburg-van Kemenade, B. M. L., & Chadzinska, M. (2017) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2016.07.004 · Cited by 86
A probiotics-containing biscuit modulates the intestinal microbiota in the elderly
Rampelli, S., Candela, M., Severgnini, M., Biagi, E., Turroni, S., Roselli, M., Carnevali, P., Donini, L. M., & Brigidi, P. (2012) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-012-0372-x · Cited by 90
Maintenance of a healthy trajectory of the intestinal microbiome during aging: A dietary approach
Candela, M., Biagi, E., Brigidi, P., O’Toole, P. W., & de Vos, W. M. (2013) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2013.12.004 · Cited by 87
Dysbiosis From a Microbial and Host Perspective Relative to Oral Health and Disease
Cugini, C., Ramasubbu, N., Tsiagbe, V. K., & Fine, D. H. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.617485 · Cited by 91
Implications of Oxidative Stress and Cellular Senescence in Age-Related Thymus Involution
Barbouti, A., Vasileiou, P. V. S., Evangelou, K., Vlasis, K. G., Papoudou‐Bai, A., Gorgoulis, V. G., & Kanavaros, P. (2020) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2020/7986071 · Cited by 86
Wells, J. C. K. (2016) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511972959 · Cited by 83
Epigenetic regulation of the immune system in health and disease
Fernández-Morera, J. L., Calvanese, V., Rodríguez‐Rodero, S., Torre, E. L. M., & Fraga, M. F. (2010) · Tissue Antigens · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01587.x · Cited by 78
Angiotensin type 2 receptors: Role in aging and neuroinflammation in the substantia nigra
Rodriguez-Perez, A. I., Garrido‐Gil, P., Pedrosa, M. A., García-Garrote, M., Valenzuela, R., Navarro, G., Franco, R., & Labandeira-García, J. L. (2019) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.12.011 · Cited by 73
Trosvik, P., de Muinck, E. J., Rueness, E. K., Fashing, P. J., Beierschmitt, E. C., Callingham, K. R., Kraus, J. B., Trew, T. H., Moges, A., Mekonnen, A. D., et al. (2018) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-018-0468-6 · Cited by 70
Cellular senescence in lymphoid organs and immunosenescence
Budamagunta, V., Foster, T. C., & Zhou, D. (2021) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.203405 · Cited by 73
Thymus Degeneration and Regeneration
Duah, M., Li, L., Shen, J., Lan, Q., Pan, B., & Xu, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.706244 · Cited by 71
The origin and implication of thymic involution.
Aw, D., & Palmer, D. B. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 68
Palacios, M. G., Winkler, D. W., Klasing, K. C., Hasselquist, D., & Vleck, C. M. (2010) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/10-0662.1 · Cited by 68
Carbonylation of the cytoskeletal protein actin leads to aggregate formation
Castro, J. P., Ott, C., Jung, T., Grune, T., & Almeida, H. (2012) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.06.005 · Cited by 66
Impact of immune-metabolic interactions on age-related thymic demise and T cell senescence
Dixit, V. D. (2012) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2012.04.002 · Cited by 67
Bacteria and the Aging and Longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans
Kim, D. H. (2013) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-111212-133352 · Cited by 66
Into the wild: digging at immunology's evolutionary roots
Maizels, R. M., & Nussey, D. H. (2013) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2643 · Cited by 65
The RANKL-RANK Axis: A Bone to Thymus Round Trip
Sobacchi, C., Menale, C., & VILLA, A. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00629 · Cited by 65
Boraschi, D., Giudice, G. D., Dutel, C., Ivanoff, B., Rappuoli, R., & Grubeck‐Loebenstein, B. (2010) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.03.035 · Cited by 64
Krone, C. L., Trzciński, K., Zborowski, T., Sanders, E. A. M., & Bogaert, D. (2013) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00618-13 · Cited by 63
Causes and consequences of intra‐ and inter‐host heterogeneity in defence against nematodes
Hayward, A. D. (2013) · Parasite Immunology · doi:10.1111/pim.12054 · Cited by 67
Immune senescence: significance of the stromal microenvironment
Masters, A. R., Haynes, L., Su, D.-M., & Palmer, D. B. (2016) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.12851 · Cited by 65
Postnatal Involution and Counter-Involution of the Thymus
Cowan, J. E., Takahama, Y., Bhandoola, A., & Ohigashi, I. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00897 · Cited by 64
TAM receptors in phagocytosis: Beyond the mere internalization of particles
Burstyn‐Cohen, T., & Fresia, R. (2023) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13267 · Cited by 61
Yan, F., Mo, X., Liu, J., Ye, S., Zeng, X. Z., & Chen, D. (2017) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.7525 · Cited by 60
Aging and chronic kidney disease: epidemiology, therapy, management and the role of immunity
Tang, Y., Jiang, J., Zhao, Y., & Du, D. (2024) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfae235 · Cited by 71
Hamazaki, Y., Sekai, M., & Minato, N. (2016) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12412 · Cited by 55
Do natural antibodies compensate for humoral immunosenescence in tropical pythons?
Újvári, B., & Madsen, T. R. L. (2011) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01860.x · Cited by 53
Sato, K., Kato, A., Sekai, M., Hamazaki, Y., & Minato, N. (2017) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1602005 · Cited by 54
Immunosenescence and lymphomagenesis
Mancuso, S., Carlisi, M., Santoro, M., Napolitano, M., Raso, S., & Siragusa, S. M. (2018) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-018-0130-y · Cited by 54
Preleukemic Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Corces, M. R., Chang, H. Y., & Majeti, R. (2017) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2017.00263 · Cited by 56
Effects of voluntary wheel running on LPS-induced sickness behavior in aged mice
Martin, S. A., Pence, B. D., Greene, R. M., Johnson, S. J., Dantzer, R., Kelley, K. W., & Woods, J. A. (2012) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.12.014 · Cited by 52
Acute Thymic Involution and Mechanisms for Recovery
Ansari, A. R., & Liu, H. (2017) · Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis · doi:10.1007/s00005-017-0462-x · Cited by 51
CD8+ T cell differentiation in the aging immune system: until the last clone standing
Buchholz, V. R., Neuenhahn, M., & Busch, D. H. (2011) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2011.05.002 · Cited by 49
Generalized empirical Bayesian methods for discovery of differential data in high-throughput biology
Hardcastle, T. J. (2015) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btv569 · Cited by 44
Immune Memory in Aging: a Wide Perspective Covering Microbiota, Brain, Metabolism, and Epigenetics
Bulut, O. P., Kılıç, G., & Domínguez‐Andrés, J. (2021) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1007/s12016-021-08905-x · Cited by 50
Le Page, A., Fortin, C., Garneau, H., Allard, N., Tsvetkova, K., Tan, C. T. Y., Larbi, A., Dupuis, G., & Fülöp, T. (2014) · Cell Communication and Signaling · doi:10.1186/1478-811x-12-2 · Cited by 44
Does the human immune system ever really become “senescent”?
Pawelec, G. (2017) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.11297.1 · Cited by 45
Barbouti, A., Evangelou, K., Pateras, I. S., Papoudou-Bai, A., Patereli, A., Stefanaki, K., Rontogianni, D., Muñoz-Espín, D., Kanavaros, P., & Gorgoulis, V. G. (2019) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2018.02.005 · Cited by 44
Role of caspase-8 in thymus function
Pozzesi, N., Fierabracci, A., Liberati, A. M., Martelli, M. P., Ayroldi, E., Riccardi, C., & Delfino, D. V. (2013) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/cdd.2013.166 · Cited by 45
Kellogg, C., & Equils, O. (2020) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2020.1818519 · Cited by 47
Tuft cells and fibroblasts promote thymus regeneration through ILC2-mediated type 2 immune response
Nevo, S., Frenkel, N., Kadouri, N., Gome, T., Rosenthal, N., Givony, T., Avin, A., Cruz, C. P., Kedmi, M., Lindzen, M., et al. (2024) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.abq6930 · Cited by 42
Immunosenescence: a product of the environment?
Su, D.-M., Aw, D., & Palmer, D. B. (2013) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2013.05.018 · Cited by 41
Self-citationThe diseased kidney: aging and senescent immunology
Chi, M., Tian, Z., Ma, K., Li, Y., Wang, L., Nasser, M. I., & Liu, C. (2022) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-022-00313-9 · Cited by 43
Xiao, R., Bergin, S. M., Huang, W., Mansour, A. G., Liu, X., Judd, R. T., Widstrom, K. J., Queen, N. J., Wilkins, R. K., Siu, J. J., et al. (2018) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.09.028 · Cited by 39
Hamazaki, Y. (2015) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201545844 · Cited by 37
Khan, I., Prakash, A., & Agashe, D. (2015) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2656.12433 · Cited by 37
Barrier Immune Effectors Are Maintained during Transition from Nurse to Forager in the Honey Bee
Jefferson, J. M., Dolstad, H. A., Sivalingam, M. D., & Snow, J. W. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054097 · Cited by 36
Zimmerman, L. M., Carter, A. W., Bowden, R. M., & Vogel, L. A. (2017) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12867 · Cited by 37
Endogenous thymic regeneration: restoring T cell production following injury
Granadier, D., Acenas, D. D., II, & Dudakov, J. A. (2025) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-024-01119-0 · Cited by 40
Watson, R. L., McNeilly, T. N., Watt, K., Pemberton, J. M., Pilkington, J. G., Waterfall, M., Hopper, P. R. T., Cooney, D., Zamoyska, R., & Nussey, D. H. (2016) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.2584 · Cited by 38
Immunosenescence as a convergence pathway in neurodegeneration
Mohapatra, L., Mishra, D. K., Tripathi, A. S., & Parida, S. K. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110521 · Cited by 38
Metadata
- Authors
- Shanley, D. P., Aw, D., Manley, N. R., & Palmer, D. B.
- Affiliations
- Newcastle University (GB)
- Royal Veterinary College (GB)
- University of Georgia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shanley, Daryl P.
- Palmer, Donald B.
- Venue
- Trends in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-07
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 374-381
- ISSN
- 1471-4906 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2045107302
- Cited by
- 315
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 1.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Trends in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RVC Research Online (Royal Veterinary College) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Keywords
- immunosenescence, thymic involution, aging, immune function decline, life-history trade-offs, evolutionary immunology, thymus, vertebrates
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Biological Evolution, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Reproduction, Thymus Gland, T-Lymphocyte Subsets
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
