The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in immunity
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight chemicals or xenobiotics might contribute to the increasing prevalence of allergies and autoimmunity. Certain chemicals can alter immune responses via their action on the cytosolic transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR recognizes numerous small xenobiotic and natural molecules, such as dioxin and the tryptophan photoproduct 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole. Although AhR is best known for mediating dioxin toxicity, knockout studies have indicated that AhR also plays a role in normal physiology, including certain immune responses. In particular, Th17 cells and dendritic cells express high levels of AhR. We review here current evidence for the physiological role of AhR in the immune system, focussing in particular on T-cell biology.
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Recent studies support the idea that the AHR has a substantial physiological role independent of the adaptive metabolic response and toxicity.
“In addition to its role as the “dioxin receptor”, recent studies support the idea that the AHR also has a substantial physiological role independent of the adaptive metabolic response and toxicity (Bhaumik & Basu, 2017; Cella & Colonna, 2015; Esser et al., 2009; Gutiérrez-Vázquez & Quintana, 2018; Quintana et al., 2008; Stockinger et al., 2014; Veldhoen et al., 2008).”
From Rodent Genetic Models of Ah Receptor Signaling (2021) · cites this paper as Esser et al., 2009
Hif-1β is commonly used in both hypoxic signaling and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway.
“the common use of Hif-1β in both hypoxic signaling and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway, which regulates Th17 differentiation and IL-10 production [112, 113]”
From Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors as regulators of T cell development, differentiation, and function (2013) · cites this paper as [112]
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“…the idea that the AHR also has a substantial physiological role independent of the adaptive metabolic response and toxicity (Quintana et al. 2008; Veldhoen et al. 2008; Esser et al. 2009; Stockinger et al. 2014; Cella and Colonna 2015; Bhaumik and Basu 2017; Guti errez-V azquez and Quintana 2018).”
Background
- Authors
- Esser, C., Rannug, A., & Stockinger, B.
- Affiliations
- Leibniz Institute of Environmental Medicine (DE)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- National Institute for Medical Research (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Esser, Charlotte
- Venue
- Trends in Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 447-454
- ISSN
- 1471-4906 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2151131523
- Cited by
- 447
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 2.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Research Councils UK
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
- Keywords
- aryl hydrocarbon receptor, immune regulation, xenobiotics, dioxins, FICZ, Th17 cells, dendritic cells, T cell biology, autoimmunity, allergy, transcription factors
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Carbazoles, Cell Differentiation, Dendritic Cells, Humans, T-Lymphocytes, Signal Transduction, Autoimmunity, Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon, Mice, Knockout, Interleukin-17, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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