Cited by 1,640Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesTryptophan and brain disorders

Neuroinflammation: The Devil Is in the Details

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DiSabato, Damon J., Quan, Ning, Godbout, Jonathan P.·2016·Journal of Neurochemistry

Abstract

There is significant interest in understanding inflammatory responses within the brain and spinal cord. Inflammatory responses that are centralized within the brain and spinal cord are generally referred to as ‘neuroinflammatory’. Aspects of neuroinflammation vary within the context of disease, injury, infection, or stress. The context, course, and duration of these inflammatory responses are all critical aspects in the understanding of these processes and their corresponding physiological, biochemical, and behavioral consequences. Microglia, innate immune cells of the CNS , play key roles in mediating these neuroinflammatory responses. Because the connotation of neuroinflammation is inherently negative and maladaptive, the majority of research focus is on the pathological aspects of neuroinflammation. There are, however, several degrees of neuroinflammatory responses, some of which are positive. In many circumstances including CNS injury, there is a balance of inflammatory and intrinsic repair processes that influences functional recovery. In addition, there are several other examples where communication between the brain and immune system involves neuroinflammatory processes that are beneficial and adaptive. The purpose of this review is to distinguish different variations of neuroinflammation in a context‐specific manner and detail both positive and negative aspects of neuroinflammatory processes. image In this review, we will use brain and spinal cord injury, stress, aging, and other inflammatory events to illustrate the potential harm and benefits inherent to neuroinflammation. Context, course, and duration of the inflammation are highly important to the interpretation of these events, and we aim to provide insight into this by detailing several commonly studied insults. This article is part of the 60th anniversary supplemental issue .

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  • The resting microglia determines the nature of the innate immune response in retinal spaces and is the key checkpoint between limiting or aggravating neuroinflammation.

    “The “immune sentinel” of the retina, the resting microglia, determines the nature of the innate immune response in these spaces and is the key checkpoint between limiting or aggravating neuroinflammation [66].”
  • Inflammatory immune responses for ocular gene therapies become harder to predict in the clinical setting, as both physiological and barrier functions of immune privilege may already be compromised by aging or the ocular disorder physiopathological conditions such as inflammation or oxidative stress induction.

    “Inflammatory immune responses for ocular gene therapies become harder to predict in the clinical setting, as both physiological and barrier functions of immune privilege may already be compromised by aging or the ocular disorder physiopathological conditions such as inflammation or oxidative stress induction [21,66,67].”

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Godbout JP Moreau M Lestage J Aging exacerbates depressive-like behavior in mice in response to activation of the peripheral innate immune system. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008b 33 2341 2351 18075491 PMC2907915
  2. Tynan RJ Naicker S Hinwood M Nalivaiko E Buller KM Pow DV Day TA Walker FR Chronic stress alters the density and morphology of microglia in a subset of stress-responsive brain regions. Brain Behav Immun 2010b 24 1058 1068 20153418
  3. Wohleb ES Hanke ML Corona AW Powell ND Stiner LM Bailey MT Nelson RJ Godbout JP Sheridan JF β-Adrenergic receptor antagonism prevents anxiety-like behavior and microglial reactivity induced by repeated social defeat. J Neurosci 2011b 31 6277 6288 21525267 PMC3160240

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Authors
DiSabato, D. J., Quan, N., & Godbout, J. P.
Affiliations
The Ohio State University (US)
Corresponding author
Godbout, Jonathan P.
Venue
Journal of Neurochemistry
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2016-05-04
Volume
139
Issue
S2
Pages
136-153
ISSN
  • 0022-3042 (ISSN-L)
  • 1471-4159
OpenAlex
W2302151110
Cited by
1,640
References
202
Citations by year
2026: 159 · 2025: 241 · 2024: 297 · 2023: 265 · 2022: 235 · 2021: 194 · 2020: 129 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 6 · 2013: 1
FWCI
3.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Neurochemistry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Aging (R01‐AG‐033028)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Keywords
neuroinflammation, microglia, spinal cord injury, brain injury, stress, aging, functional recovery, central nervous system injury
MeSH terms
Aging, Animals, Brain, Humans, Inflammation, Spinal Cord, Microglia, Neurodegenerative Diseases

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