Effects of radiation and latent virus on immune responses in a space flight model
Abstract
Background The immunosuppressive effects of space flight radiation and reactivation of latent virus infections in human beings are largely unknown.Objective To develop a murine model that can predict the adverse effects of space flight radiation and reactivation of latent virus infection for human beings.Methods In experiment I, some BALB/c mice received whole-body gamma-irradiation (3 Gy) on day 0 and murine polyoma virus (PyV) on day 1. In experiment II, mice received irradiation (3 Gy) or none on days 0 and/or 49, and PyV or none on day 1: A1, 3 Gy/PyV/3 Gy; A2, 3 Gy/ PyV/0 Gy; B1, 0 Gy/PyV/3 Gy; B2, 0 Gy/ PyV/0 Gy; C, 3 Gy/0 PyV/0 Gy; and D, 0 Gy/0 PyV/0 Gy.Results In experiment I, PyV was detected by PCR more frequently in several host organs tested and for a longer period of time in irradiated than in control animals. In experiment II, PyV replication in the spleen was detected in A1>B1 mice on days 10 and 20; both groups cleared PyV by day 49. After irradiation on day 49, reactivated PyV was detected in more B1 than A1 mice. A1 mice had lower spleen weights and cell counts than other groups at all time points. From 0 to 49 days, irradiation suppressed spleen cell proliferation to concanavalin A in all irradiated groups except in B1 when the virus was cleared at day 20. PyV enhanced IFN-gamma production in all groups: B1>A1>C, D (0-49 days; all differences, P < .05).Conclusion This small animal model of space flight suggests that the combined effects of radiation and virus replication will significantly affect T-lymphocyte-mediated immunity that may lead to chronic viral infection and malignancy.
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The combined effects of weightlessness and radiation exposure on the immune system are a major risk of extended space travel.
“A major risk of extended space travel is the combined effects of weightlessness and radiation exposure on the immune system.”
From Hindlimb suspension and spe-like radiation impairs clearance of bacterial infections (2014) · cites this paper as [9]
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- Authors
- Shearer, W. T., Zhang, S., Reuben, J. M., Lee, B.-N., & Butel, J. S.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shearer, William T.
- Venue
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-06
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1297-1303
- ISSN
- 0091-6749 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2091332500
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Spaceflight effects on biology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
- Keywords
- latent virus reactivation, murine polyomavirus, immunosuppression, total body irradiation, spleen cell proliferation, interferon-gamma, chronic viral infection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Count, Cell Division, Concanavalin A, Disease Models, Animal, Gamma Rays, Immunity, Cellular, Interferon-gamma, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Polyomavirus, Space Flight, Spleen, Time Factors, Tumor Virus Infections, Virus Replication, Whole-Body Irradiation, Down-Regulation, Virus Latency, Polyomavirus Infections, Mice
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