Different Sequences of Fractionated Low-Dose Proton and Single Iron-Radiation-Induced Divergent Biological Responses in the Heart
Open accessAbstract
Deep-space travel presents risks of exposure to ionizing radiation composed of a spectrum of low-fluence protons (1H) and high-charge and energy (HZE) iron nuclei (e.g., 56Fe). When exposed to galactic cosmic rays, each cell in the body may be traversed by 1H every 3–4 days and HZE nuclei every 3–4 months. The effects of low-dose sequential fractionated 1H or HZE on the heart are unknown. In this animal model of simulated ionizing radiation, middle-aged (8–9 months old) male C57BL/6NT mice were exposed to radiation as follows: group 1, nonirradiated controls; group 2, three fractionated doses of 17 cGy 1H every other day (1H × 3); group 3, three fractionated doses of 17 cGy 1H every other day followed by a single low dose of 15 cGy 56Fe two days after the final 1H dose (1H × 3 56Fe); and group 4, a single low dose of 15 cGy 56Fe followed (after 2 days) by three fractionated doses of 17 cGy 1H every other day (56Fe 1H × 3). A subgroup of mice from each group underwent myocardial infarction (MI) surgery at 28 days postirradiation. Cardiac structure and function were assessed in all animals at days 7, 14 and 28 after MI surgery was performed. Compared to the control animals, the treatments that groups 2 and 3 received did not induce negative effects on cardiac function or structure. However, compared to all other groups, the animals in group 4, showed depressed left ventricular (LV) functions at 1 month with concomitant enhancement in cardiac fibrosis and induction of cardiac hypertrophy signaling at 3 months. In the irradiated and MI surgery groups compared to the control group, the treatments received by groups 2 and 4 did not induce negative effects at 1 month postirradiation and MI surgery. However, in group 3 after MI surgery, there was a 24% increase in mortality, significant decreases in LV function and a 35% increase in post-infarction size. These changes were associated with significant decreases in the angiogenic and cell survival signaling pathways. These data suggest that fractionated doses of radiation induces cellular and molecular changes that result in depressed heart functions both under basal conditions and particularly after myocardial infarction.
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A number of radiobiology studies have indicated that the order of exposure to protons and heavy ions may be an important parameter for GCR simulator design due to varied responses observed for different sequences of fractionated doses.
“A number of radiobiology studies have indicated that the order of exposure to protons and heavy ions may be an important parameter for GCR simulator design due to varied responses observed for different sequences of fractionated doses [31,32].”
From NASA's first ground-based Galactic Cosmic Ray Simulator: Enabling a new era in space radiobiology research (2020) · cites this paper as [31]
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- Authors
- Sasi, S. P., Yan, X., Zuriaga-Herrero, M., Gee, H., Lee, J., Mehrzad, R., Song, J., Onufrak, J., Morgan, J., Enderling, H., Walsh, K., Kishore, R., & Goukassian, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Genesys (United States) (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- UConn Health (US)
- Carney Hospital (US)
- Moffitt Cancer Center (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Temple University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Goukassian, David A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Radiation Research
- Publisher
- Radiation Research Society
- Published
- 2017-08
- Volume
- 188
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 191-203
- ISSN
- 0033-7587 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-5404
- PMC
- PMC6555403
- OpenAlex
- W2626988781
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Radiation Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- American Heart Association
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL091983, R21HL106098)
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Spaceflight effects on biology
- Keywords
- iron nuclei, HZE radiation, galactic cosmic rays, deep space radiation, myocardial infarction, cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, angiogenesis, cell survival signaling, radiation-induced cardiotoxicity, radiation-induced mortality, left ventricular function
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cosmic Radiation, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Heart, Iron, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Myocardial Infarction, Protons, Dose Fractionation, Radiation, Mice
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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