Cited by 913Cytokine Signaling Pathways and InteractionsAsthma and respiratory diseasesIL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 220 of the 222 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Interleukins (from IL-1 to IL-38), interferons, transforming growth factor β, and TNF-α: Receptors, functions, and roles in diseases

Open access

Akdis, Mübeccel, Aab, Alar, Altunbulakli, Can, Azkur, Kursat, Costa, Rita A., Crameri, Reto, Duan, Su, Eiwegger, Thomas, Eljaszewicz, Andrzej, Ferstl, Ruth, Frei, Remo, Garbani, Mattia, Globinska, Anna, Hess, Lena, Huitema, Carly, Kubo, Terufumi, Komlosi, Zsolt, Konieczna, Patricia, Kovacs, Nora, Kucuksezer, Umut C., Meyer, Norbert, Morita, Hideaki, Olzhausen, Judith, O'Mahony, Liam, Pezer, Marija, Prati, Moira, Rebane, Ana, Rhyner, Claudio, Rinaldi, Arturo, Sokolowska, Milena, Stanic, Barbara, Sugita, Kazunari, Treis, Angela, van de Veen, Willem, Wanke, Kerstin, Wawrzyniak, Marcin, Wawrzyniak, Paulina, Wirz, Oliver F., Zakzuk, Josefina Sierra, Akdis, Cezmi A.·2016·Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

DOI 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.033

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

There have been extensive developments on cellular and molecular mechanisms of immune regulation in allergy, asthma, autoimmune diseases, tumor development, organ transplantation, and chronic infections during the last few years. Better understanding the functions, reciprocal regulation, and counterbalance of subsets of immune and inflammatory cells that interact through interleukins, interferons, TNF-α, and TGF-β offer opportunities for immune interventions and novel treatment modalities in the era of development of biological immune response modifiers particularly targeting these molecules or their receptors. More than 60 cytokines have been designated as interleukins since the initial discoveries of monocyte and lymphocyte interleukins (called IL-1 and IL-2, respectively). Studies of transgenic or gene-deficient mice with altered expression of these cytokines or their receptors and analyses of mutations and polymorphisms in human genes that encode these products have provided essential information about their functions. Here we review recent developments on IL-1 to IL-38, TNF-α, TGF-β, and interferons. We highlight recent advances during the last few years in this area and extensively discuss their cellular sources, targets, receptors, signaling pathways, and roles in immune regulation in patients with allergy and asthma and other inflammatory diseases.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.033

Cites

220 of 220 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.

Interleukin 17-producing CD4+ effector T cells develop via a lineage distinct from the T helper type 1 and 2 lineages
Harrington, L. E., Hatton, R. D., Mangan, P. R., Turner, H., Murphy, T. L., Murphy, K. M., & Weaver, C. T. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1254 · Cited by 4,742
An endotoxin-induced serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors
Carswell, E. A., Old, L. J., Kassel, R. L., Green, S., Fiore, N., & Williamson, B. (1975) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.72.9.3666 · Cited by 4,532
IL-33, an Interleukin-1-like Cytokine that Signals via the IL-1 Receptor-Related Protein ST2 and Induces T Helper Type 2-Associated Cytokines
Schmitz, J., Owyang, A. M., Oldham, E. R., Song, Y., Murphy, E., McClanahan, T. K., Zurawski, G., Moshrefi, M., Qin, J., Li, X., et al. (2005) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2005.09.015 · Cited by 3,777
Inflammasomes: mechanism of action, role in disease, and therapeutics
Guo, H., Callaway, J. B., & Ting, J. P.-Y. (2015) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3893 · Cited by 3,340
Development of T H 1 CD4 + T Cells Through IL-12 Produced by Listeria -Induced Macrophages
Hsieh, C.-S., Macatonia, S. E., Tripp, C. S., Wolf, S. F., O'Garra, A., & Murphy, K. M. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8097338 · Cited by 3,134
A small-molecule inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome for the treatment of inflammatory diseases
Coll, R. C., Robertson, A. A. B., Chae, J. J., Higgins, S. C., Muñoz-Planillo, R., Inserra, M. C., Vetter, I., Dungan, L. S., Monks, B. G., Stutz, A., et al. (2015) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3806 · Cited by 2,849
Cloning of a new cytokine that induces IFN-γ production by T cells
Okamura, H., Tsutsui, H., Komatsu, T., Yutsudo, M., Hakura, A., Tanimoto, T., Torigoe, K., Okura, T., Nukada, Y., Hattori, K., et al. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/378088a0 · Cited by 2,602
Selective in Vitro Growth of T Lymphocytes from Normal Human Bone Marrows
Morgan, D. A., Ruscetti, F. W., & Gallo, R. C. (1976) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.181845 · Cited by 2,514
The inhibitory cytokine IL-35 contributes to regulatory T-cell function
Collison, L., Workman, C., Kuo, T. T., Boyd, K., Wang, Y., Vignali, K. M., Cross, R., Sehy, D., Blumberg, R., & Vignali, D. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06306 · Cited by 2,152
Development, cytokine profile and function of human interleukin 17-producing helper T cells
Wilson, N. J., Boniface, K., Chan, J. R., McKenzie, B. S., Blumenschein, W. M., Mattson, J. D., Basham, B., Smith, K., Chen, T., Morel, F., et al. (2007) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1497 · Cited by 2,035

Show all 222 references

Sorted by citations

Items 601–700 of 913

Palmitic Acid Esterification Boosts Epigallocatechin Gallate’s Immunomodulatory Effects in Intestinal Inflammation
Domínguez‐Perles, R., Medrano‐Padial, C., García‐Viguera, C., & Medina, S. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15081208 · Cited by 4
“Hence, an enhanced understanding of the regulatory functions and counterbalance of subsets of APCs that interact through interleukins with the damaged tissue and effector cells offers opportunities for adjusting immune interventions [22].”
Multi-omics analysis of a prebiotic intervention with pectin in lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) allergic patients
Gómez, F., Pérez‐Sánchez, N., Macías‐Camero, A., Núñez, R., Contreras, N., Cañas, J. A., Jiménez-Sánchez, I. M., Diez‐Echave, P., Barbas, C., Guéant, J., et al. (2025) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124236 · Cited by 7
Forsythiaside A Improves the Inhibitory Efficiency of Recombinant Protein Vaccines against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection
Yang, G., Wang, J., Wang, S., & Zhu, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23169390 · Cited by 4
Biomarkers in oral immunotherapy
Zhu, H., Tang, K., Chen, G., & Liu, Z. (2022) · Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B · doi:10.1631/jzus.b2200047 · Cited by 4
“Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13, and IL-17E (IL-25), are all-important hormonal messengers responsible for several biological effects in the host immune system (Berger, 2000; Smart and Kemp, 2002; Akdis et al., 2016; Chinthrajah et al., 2016; Shik et al., 2017) (Table 1).”
Background
The effects of intracellular iron availability on the outcome of Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice
Mostafa, E., Ahmed, F. A.-S. M. S., Yahia, S. H., Ibrahim, A. I. M., & Elbahaie, E. S. (2023) · Journal of Parasitic Diseases · doi:10.1007/s12639-023-01603-9 · Cited by 4
“Its role in mucosal immunity and induction of Th17 may be important to reduce inflammation, nonetheless, based on the circumstances, it may increase host susceptibility to the parasite (Akdis et al. 2016).”
Background
Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of anti‐IL‐4Rα antibody SHR ‐1819 in healthy subjects: A randomized, controlled phase I study
Li, N., Shakib, S., Qian, W., Yao, X., Li, P., Nip, T. K., Bai, X., & Shen, K. (2024) · Clinical and Translational Science · doi:10.1111/cts.13763 · Cited by 3
An esculentin-1 homolog from a dark-spotted frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) possesses antibacterial and immunoregulatory properties
Chen, J., Yu, C., Zhou, M.-M., Zhang, G.-J., Su, H., Ding, G., Wei, L., Lin, Z., & Ma, L. M. (2024) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s12917-024-04013-y · Cited by 4
Exosomes-based immunotherapy for cancer: Effective components in the naïve and engineered forms
Bao, H., Chen, Y., Zhang, Y.-N., Lan, H., & Jin, K. (2024) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112656 · Cited by 4
Discovery of Ll-CATH: a novel cathelicidin from the Chong’an Moustache Toad (Leptobrachium liui) with antibacterial and immunomodulatory activity
Chen, J., Zhang, C.-Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Seah, R. W. X., Ma, L., & Ding, G. (2024) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s12917-024-04202-9 · Cited by 4
NLRP1 Is a Prominent Inflammasome Sensor Found in Bronchial Epithelial Cells in Asthma and Can Be Activated by Rhinovirus A16
Laanesoo, A., Mäe, M., Remm, A., Johnston, S. L., Altraja, A., Bochenek, G., Jakieła, B., & Rebane, A. (2025) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/cea.70010 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with antipsychotic administration in schizophrenia: A longitudinal study
Raj, R., Dar, S. A., Wani, Z. A., Khare, V. K., & Haq, I. (2025) · Industrial Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_6_25 · Cited by 4
“[14] On dividing neutrophil and lymphocytes, we can get a rapid and cheap peripheral inflammatory marker, i.e., neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).”
Salivary Cytokine Levels in Lung Cancer with Distant and Regional Metastases
Bel'skaya, L., Kosenok, V. K., Massard, G., & Orlova, E. (2018) · Biomedical Chemistry Research and Methods · doi:10.18097/bmcrm00012 · Cited by 3
“Tumor progression causes an increase in the content of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, TNF-a), whereas the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 decrease.”
BackgroundInfluential
Oral Cytokine Levels Are More Linked to Levels of Plasma and Oral HIV-1 RNA Than to CD4+ T-Cell Counts in People With HIV
Rocco, J. M., York, Z., Shen, C., Shiboski, C. H., Cyriaque-Webster, J., McLaughlin, J., Borowski, L., Chen, H., Aberg, J. A., Dittmer, D. P., et al. (2020) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa047 · Cited by 4
“They are relatively nonspecific, pro-inflammatory cytokines that are released early in the innate immune response [17].”
Background
Role of biomarkers and effect of FIP-fve in acute and chronic animal asthma models
Wu, C.-T., Lee, Y.-T., Ku, M., & Lue, K. (2020) · Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2020.07.006 · Cited by 4
Local delivery of FTY720 induces neutrophil activation through chemokine signaling in an oronasal fistula model
Amanso, A., Turner, T., Kamalakar, A., Ballestas, S. A., Hymel, L. A., Randall, J. M., Johnston, R., Arthur, R. A., Willett, N. J., Botchwey, E. A., et al. (2021) · Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40883-021-00208-z · Cited by 5
Cytokine Profile in Patients With Maturity-onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)
DIREN, A., Demirci, D. K., Gül, N., Karacanli, B., Baykut, A., Tütüncü, Y., Öztürk, O., Satman, İ., & Yılmaz, H. (2022) · In Vivo · doi:10.21873/invivo.12985 · Cited by 4
In-situ formation of “electron conductive wires” threaded ZIF-8 membrane for multiplexed immunoassay of human interleukins
Lv, Y., Deng, M., Wang, X., Gao, X., Feng, L., Chen, W., Liu, C.-C., Li, X., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-022-5030-y · Cited by 4
“Clinical studies demonstrated that cytokines involve in the development of many common diseases, particularly cancer, neuroinflammatory, and infectious and neurological disorders [2, 3].”
Background
Diagnostic Evaluation Using Salivary Gland Ultrasonography in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Chen, Y., Hsieh, A.-H., Fang, Y., & Kuo, C. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12062428 · Cited by 4
“IL-31 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, primarily expressed in Th2 cells, that promotes the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 and takes part in tissue remodeling but is less addressed in pSS [35].”
Background
Molecular mechanism of Dang-Shen-Yu-Xing decoction against Mycoplasma bovis pneumonia based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and experimental verification
Yang, M., Ouyang, C., Guo, Y., Liu, F., Li, Y., Qi, Y., Guo, L., & He, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2024.1431233 · Cited by 4
In silico mutational analysis and identification of stability centers in human interleukin-4.
Saini, S., Thakur, C. J., Kumar, V., Suhag, A., & Jakhar, N. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.22099/mbrc.2018.28855.1310 · Cited by 4
IL-1A gene variation in relation to cytokine levels and clinical characteristics in ankylosing spondylitis
Nossent, J. C., Sagen-Johnsen, S., & Bakland, G. (2018) · European Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.5152/eurjrheum.2018.18150 · Cited by 4
Cytokines and chemokines involved in the defense reaction against HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus: isn’t it time to use a standardized nomenclature of the involved mediators?
Gürtler, L. G. (2019) · Virus Genes · doi:10.1007/s11262-019-01721-8 · Cited by 4
Skin Allografting Activates Anti-tumor Immunity and Suppresses Growth of Colon Cancer in Mice
Li, X., Xu, L., Wang, G., Liu, Y., Zhao, K., Lu, S., Xu, X., Shi, G.-G., Ye, K., Zhang, B., et al. (2018) · Translational Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2018.04.012 · Cited by 4
Anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immune modulatory activity of ferulic acid fructo-oligosaccharide conjugated microparticlePreprint
Johnson, E. M., Jayabalan, R., Patra, S. K., & Suh, J. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.05.05.539559 · Cited by 4
The state of systemic immunity in congenital cleft lip and palate patients with diseases of oral cavity tissues
Timokhina, T. O., Holubchenko, O., Cherkasova, O. V., & Мельник, Б. М. (2024) · Wiadomości Lekarskie · doi:10.36740/wlek202407109 · Cited by 3
Comparative analysis of micellar and native formulations of Boswellia serrata oleogum extracts in T-cell receptor-activated lymphocytes
Duweb, A., Schmiech, M., Ulrich, J., Abdel-Kahaar, E., Pfeiffer, M., Gaafary, M. E., Barth, H., Simmet, T., & Syrovets, T. (2025) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2025.118009 · Cited by 3
Immunomodulatory and cardio-protective effects of differentially originated multipotent mesenchymal stroma cells during polymicrobial sepsis in mice
Kanewska, A., Lackner, I., Friedrich, A., Winkelmann, M., Rojewski, M., Weber, B., Preßmar, J., Perl, M., Schrezenmeier, H., & Kalbitz, M. (2025) · European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00068-025-02862-2 · Cited by 4
Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets for Coronary Atherosclerosis from an Inflammatory Perspective Through Integrated Proteomics and Single-Cell Omics
Wang, H., Xie, F., Wang, M., Ji, J., Song, Y., Dai, Y., Wang, L., Zheng, K., & Cao, L. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26136201 · Cited by 3
“Along with the role of cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction in immune regulation and inflammatory responses [16], and the impact of cholesterol metabolism on atherosclerosis [17], these findings highlight the potential role of these proteins in CAS.”
A Bibliometric Study of Interleukin Cytokines in the Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Wang, H., Li, X., Wang, S., Liu, J., & Xie, N. (2025) · Drug Design Development and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dddt.s523151 · Cited by 4
“34 Here is a brief analysis of that mechanism of interleukin family cytokine in intervertebral disc degeneration (Figure 7 and Table 4).”
Huajiao Extract Oil: A Comprehensive Review of Its Biological Activities, Extraction Techniques, and Utilization in Food Industry
Liu, H., Zhan, P., Wang, P., Geng, J., He, W., & Tian, H. (2025) · Food Reviews International · doi:10.1080/87559129.2025.2575308 · Cited by 3
ISG15 modulates inflammatory profiles and ability to activate CD8 + T cells in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells
Martínez‐Fleta, P., Pertusa, C., Fernández‐Delgado, I., Izquierdo-Serrano, R., Ramírez‐Huesca, M., Fernández‐Gallego, N., Calzada‐Fraile, D., Moya-Ruiz, E., Castillo‐González, R., Guerra, S., et al. (2025) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-025-05849-9 · Cited by 4
“DCs have the ability to produce key inflammatory cytokines that will modulate and determine polarization of T cells and hence, the fate of adaptive immune responses [25, 26].”
Unveiling gastric stem cell dynamics in gastric atrophy and carcinogenesis: revisiting mechanisms and advancing experimental models – a narrative review
Zhang, T., & Tang, X. (2025) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1097/js9.0000000000003733 · Cited by 4
IL-38 attenuates vascular calcification by upregulating GPX3-mediated antioxidant defense via the PPAR-γ/NRF2 axis
Zhu, L., Wang, Q., Shang, B., Cui, J., Song, Y., Zhang, B., Chen, W., Xin, J., Cui, Y., Liu, R., et al. (2025) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-025-05990-5 · Cited by 3
“IL-38, officially named IL-1F10, belongs to the IL-1 family [ 23].”
Interleukin-38 Ameliorates Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting Macrophage M1-like Polarization and Apoptosis
Li, Z., Li, X., Shen, R., Wang, Y., Yu, J., Pan, C., Cai, Y., Dong, Q., Yu, K., & Zeng, Q. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15121741 · Cited by 3
“Interleukin-38 (IL-38), a novel member of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) superfamily, is broadly expressed in multiple human immune tissues and organs, with the highest expression levels detected in proliferating B cells isolated from skin and tonsils [17–21].”
Navigating glucocorticoid resistance: From GR isoforms to nuclear condensates
Wang, C., Zhong, Y., Tang, M., He, X., Xu, S., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Cell investigation. · doi:10.1016/j.clnves.2025.100059 · Cited by 3
Sleep and Cytokines: A Bidirectional Dialogue Involving Rest and Immunity
Cammisa, I., Zona, M., Petracca, G., Rulli, E., Veredice, C., Cipolla, C., & Rigante, D. (2026) · Children · doi:10.3390/children13040535 · Cited by 4
“Conversely, anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β , suppress excessive immune activation, prevent collateral tissue injury, and promote the resolution of inflammation [14,17,18].”
Microplastics as both a driver of genitourinary cancers and a deliverer of treatments
Sridharan, K., Maiorano, B. A., Rehan, F., Maradonna, F., Giorgini, E., Taha, T., Molina‐Cerrillo, J., Buti, S., Piva, F., Massari, F., et al. (2026) · Communications Medicine · doi:10.1038/s43856-026-01675-7 · Cited by 3
“Further details related to various mechanisms through which MPs cause cancer development are explained in Table 2 49,54 – 68 .”
[Translated article] Nemolizumab: An Innovative Biologic Treatment to Control Interleukin 31, a Key Mediator in Atopic Dermatitis and Prurigo Nodularis
Serra‐Baldrich, E., Santamaria‐Babí, L. F., & Silvestre, J. F. (2022) · Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas · doi:10.1016/j.ad.2022.06.001 · Cited by 3
Störungsspezifische und transdiagnostische Veränderung der Inflammationsaktivität bei psychischen Störungen
Matits, L., Gumpp, A. M., Kolassa, I., Behnke, A., & Mack, M. (2022) · Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1026/1616-3443/a000666 · Cited by 4
Different polarization and functionality of CD4+ T helper subsets in people with post-COVID condition
Sánchez-Menéndez, C., de la Calle‐Jiménez, O., Mateos, E., Vigón, L., Fuertes, D., Antón, M. A. M., José, E. S., García‐Gutiérrez, V., Cervero, M., Torres, M., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1431411 · Cited by 3
Association of the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms rs11556218, rs4778889, rs4072111, and rs1131445 of the Interleukin-16 Gene with Ovarian Cancer
Watrowski, R., Schuster, E., Gorp, T. V., Hofstetter, G., Fischer, M. B., Mahner, S., Polterauer, S., Zeillinger, R., & Obermayr, E. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms251910272 · Cited by 4
“Among 41 known interleukins, two—Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Interleukin-16 (IL-16)—are classified as “interleukins with chemokine activity” [25].”
Background
Adiponectin, resistin, interleukin-4 and TGF-β2 levels in treatment resistant schizophrenia patients
Karampas, A., Leontaritis, G., Markozannes, G., Asimakopoulos, A., Archimandriti, D. T., Spyrou, P., Georgiou, G. K., Plakoutsis, M., Kotsis, K. T., Voulgari, P. V., et al. (2024) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111221 · Cited by 3
LGR4 (GPR48): The Emerging Inter-Bridge in Osteoimmunology
Lim, W. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13030607 · Cited by 3
“Cytokines that influence bone metabolism, including TNF-α , IL-1 β , and IL-13, as well as vascular cell adhesion molecules, directly impact B cell homing and differentiation [118,119].”
A DNA Vaccine Against Proadrenomedullin N-Terminal 20 Peptide (PAMP) Reduces Angiogenesis and Increases Lymphocyte and Macrophage Infiltration but Has No Effect on Tumor Burden in a Mouse Model of Lung Metastasis
Raju, T. K., Tadic, S., Garrido, P., Ochoa‐Callejero, L., Narro-Íñiguez, J., Garcı́a-Sanmartı́n, J., & Martı́nez, A. (2025) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines13060586 · Cited by 3
“Naïve CD4 + T cells can differentiate into T H 1, T H 2, T H 9, T H 17, T H 22, and follicular effector T cells, as well as different subsets of T reg cells, depending on their respective cytokine profile [61].”
Investigating the activation of the immune response by outer membrane vesicles from Bacteroides fragilis using a human gastrointestinal cell system
Jefferis, T., Scano, C., Ashraf, A., Stevens, D., Sevcik, A., Bruce, E. D., Greathouse, K. L., & Sayes, C. M. (2025) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1093/jimmun/vkaf257 · Cited by 3
Additive Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Zeolite and Methyl-Sulfonyl-Methane on Growth Performance and Interleukin Levels of Broiler Chickens
Lim, C. I., & Ryu, K. S. (2023) · The Journal of Poultry Science · doi:10.2141/jpsa.2023003 · Cited by 3
“These changes are important because ILs play an important role in intercellular communication between leukocytes (Akdis et al., 2016). IL-2 and IL-6 give rise to an immune response that leads to the multiplication of activated T and B lymphocytes, as well as antibody production (Yan et al., 2020). Accordingly, our res…”
Influential
Multiple Protein Biomarkers and Different Treatment Strategies for Colorectal Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Prospective
Chakraborty, B., Agarwal, S., Kori, S. K., Das, R., Kashaw, V., Iyer, A. K., & Kashaw, S. K. (2023) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867330666230505165031 · Cited by 3
Twenty cases of perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis treated with LumiMed® Nasal Device
Bouboulis, D., Huff, A., & Burawski, L. (2023) · Journal of Medical Case Reports · doi:10.1186/s13256-023-03980-4 · Cited by 3
Rabdosichuanin C inhibits productions of pro‐inflammatory mediators regulated by NF‐κB signaling in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells
Lingxia, Z., Wu, H., Gong, M., Xinzhou, W., Lili, W., Wang, Z., Dai, L., & Xu, E. (2023) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.30474 · Cited by 3
Targeting mevalonate pathway by zoledronate ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis in a rat model: Promising therapy against post‐COVID‐19 pulmonary fibrosis
Mohamed, R. H., hay, N. H. A., Fawzy, N. M., Tamim, Y. M., Karem, M., Yehia, D. A. Y., Abdel-Maksoud, O. M., & Abdelrahim, D. S. (2024) · Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/fcp.12994 · Cited by 3
“In addition, high level of VEGF triggers ROCK upregulation [9].”
Background
Spatiotemporally Controlled T‐Cell Combination Therapy for Solid Tumor
Hao, M., Zhou, Y., Chen, S., Jin, Y., Li, X., Xue, L., Shen, M., Li, W., & Zhang, C. (2024) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202401100 · Cited by 2
Construction of a multi-tissue compound–target interaction network of Qingfei Paidu decoction in COVID-19 treatment based on deep learning and transcriptomic analysis
Li, X., Zhao, X., Yu, X., Zhao, J., & Fang, X. (2024) · Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology · doi:10.1142/s0219720024500161 · Cited by 3
Introducing AVAC as an ultra-sensitive platform with broad dynamical range for high-throughput multiplexed biomarker detection using digital counting of plasmonic nanoparticles
Cebrián, V., Pini, V., Thon, A., Marina–García, N., Salvador-Mátar, A., Rodriguez, C., & Ahumada, Ó. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-88992-4 · Cited by 3
Cytokines and Chemokines
Tsuchida, Y., & Fujio, K. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814307-0.00015-3 · Cited by 3
Cytokine-regulating activity of anti-virus preparation CelAgripus in Burkitt's lym-phoma stable B-cell lines
Narovlyansky, A. N., Mezentseva, M. V., Суетина, И. А., Russu, L. I., Ivanova, A. M., Васильевич, П. В., Васильевна, И. А., Оspelnikova, Т. P., Sarymsakov, A. A., & Fi, E. (2019) · Problems of Virology · doi:10.36233/0507-4088-2019-64-4-165-172 · Cited by 3
Profiling and Characterization of Localized Cytokine Response in Congenital Cleft Affected Lip Tissue
Reiser, S. C., Tellermann, J., Akota, I., & Pilmane, M. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11060556 · Cited by 3
“The interplay of the various c t ines and their correspondent immunoregulatory cells [8,9,10] can be visualized in a simplified form in Figure 1.”
Background
Do CCR5 (CCR5Δ32) and TLR3 (RS5743313) gene polymorphisms prevent chronic hepatitis B infection?
TUNCEL, B., Kaygusuz, S., Kocakap, D. B. S., Aksoy, E., & Azkur, A. K. (2022) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.28376 · Cited by 3
A temporal map of maternal immune activation-induced changes reveals a shift in neurodevelopmental timing and perturbed cortical development in micePreprint
Canales, C. P., Estes, M. L., Cichewicz, K., Angara, K., Aboubechara, J. P., Cameron, S., Prendergast, K., Su-Feher, L., Zdilar, I., Kreun, E. J., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.13.150359 · Cited by 3
Anatomy and Physiology of the Pleural Space
Krenke, R., & Mierzejewski, M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11577-6 · Cited by 3
Role and Mechanism of Cotrimoxazole Resistance to Talaromyces marneffei fungus in vitroPreprint
Chen, J., Chen, R., Wei, W., Qin, F., Chen, X., He, J., Zhang, H., Wang, G., Shi, M., Qin, T., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1546115/v1 · Cited by 3
Acute Phase Proteins
Güleç, G. U., Turgut, Y. B., & Turgut, M. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818731-9.00089-6 · Cited by 3
Altered B-cell, plasma cell, and antibody immune profiles in blood of patients with systemic mastocytosis
Pérez‐Pons, A., Henriques, A., Sanfeliciano, T. C., Jara‐Acevedo, M., Navarro‐Navarro, P., García‐Montero, A. C., Álvarez‐Twöse, I., Lécrevisse, Q., Fluxá, R., Sánchez‐Muñoz, L., et al. (2024) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2024.10.005 · Cited by 2
A rare encounter: Fusarium falciformis and the challenges of ocular infection in the context of biologic therapy
Larimore, K., & Libertin, C. R. (2024) · IDCases · doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02144 · Cited by 2
“Adalimumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds TNF-alpha thereby being an immune modulator by limiting the severity of inflammatory processes [8].”
Neutrophils in BCR::ABL1 negative MPN: Contributors or bystanders of fibrosis?
Vermeersch, G., Gouwy, M., Proost, P., Struyf, S., & Devos, T. (2025) · Blood Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.blre.2025.101285 · Cited by 3
The evolving role of B cells in malignancies
Bindu, S., Bibi, R., Pradeep, R., & Sarkar, K. (2025) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2025.111301 · Cited by 2
Direct-fed Microbials (DFM) and Poultry Genomics: A Synergistic Approach to Sustainable Antibiotic Free Farming
Hassan, A. S. I., Henawy, A. R., Saied, Y. A., Garas, K. A., Shahat, O. M., & Halema, A. A. (2025) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-025-10618-y · Cited by 2
“Infectious agents, endotoxins, inflammatory mediators, injuries, or other cytokines stimulate their production [146].”
Protocatechuic aldehyde inactivates STAT3 through disrupting the STAT3-JAK1 interaction in epidermal keratinocyte and improves atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation
Yang, X., Zhou, Q., Liang, L., Kang, L., Yang, J., Li, X., Li, F., & Deng, Y. (2025) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.115403 · Cited by 2
Blueberry Consumption in Early Life and Its Effects on Allergy, Immune Biomarkers, and Their Association with the Gut Microbiome
Venter, C., Bodén, S., Pickett‐Nairne, K., O’Mahony, L., Glime, G. N. E., Matzeller, K. L., Frank, D. N., Kotter, C. V., Kofonow, J. M., Robertson, C. E., et al. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17172795 · Cited by 2
“IL-10 suppresses dendritic cell activation, inhibits mast cell degranulation, and downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby supporting oral tolerance and dampening allergic inflammation [46].”
Self-citation
Molecular Characterization of the Liver-Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide 2 (LEAP2) from Amphiprion ocellaris and Its Role in Antibacterial Immunity
Yu, D., Li, T., Wang, K., Zhang, M., Mo, J., Chen, J., Xia, H., Lu, Y., & Cai, J. X. (2025) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani15172590 · Cited by 2
“It is well established that the immune system can be activated by increasing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-gamma, IL22, IL8, IL1 β , and TNF α , as well as Th2 cytokines [33].”
Microplastics and Cosmetics: A Historical Overview
Habib, R. Z., & Thiemann, T. (2026) · Journal of Environmental Protection · doi:10.4236/jep.2026.172006 · Cited by 2
Targeting Leukopoiesis: Pharmacological and Biotechnological Strategies for the Treatment of Leukopenia
Baktybayeva, L., Kaldybayeva, A. B., Sokolenko, A. S., Tursynova, B. G., Ten, A. Y., Daulet, G., Svambayev, E., Thevis, M., Yu, V. К., & Tassibekov, K. S. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14030624 · Cited by 3
“It also enhances cytokine receptor expression and natural killer (NK) cell activity [115–117].”
The Interplay of M1 Macrophages and Dental Pulp Stem Cells Promotes Angiogenesis Through IL ‐8‐Dependent VEGF Regulation: An In Vitro Study
Thalakiriyawa, D. S., Koohi‐Moghadam, M., Hu, M., Wang, H., McGrath, C. P. J., & Dissanayaka, W. L. (2026) · International Endodontic Journal · doi:10.1111/iej.70198 · Cited by 2
“A common challenge in cytokine research is the potential for synergistic interactions between multiple factors in the cellular microenvironment (Akdis et al. 2016).”
Understanding the Type 2 Immunity: An Evolving View Beyond Allergic Diseases
Jiménez‐Saiz, R., Iborra, S., Blanco, C., González‐Pérez, R., Nuñez‐Borque, E., Zeyneloglu, C., Babayev, H., Göksel, Ö., Göksel, T., Khaitov, M. R., et al. (2026) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.70512 · Cited by 2
THE IL-33/ST2 SYSTEM REGULATES INFLAMMATION IN BRONCHOPULMONARY DISEASES
Bilko, V. V., & Кайдашев, І. П. (2020) · Ukrainian Pulmonology Journal · doi:10.31215/2306-4927-2020-107-1-59-64 · Cited by 2
Assessment of Synovial Fluid and Serum Cytokine Levels in Children with Septic Arthritis
Dehority, W. N., Plaster, S., Helmig, K. C., Huff, N., Parsons, A., Tigert, S. L., & Silva, S. (2021) · Journal of Investigative Medicine · doi:10.1136/jim-2020-001526 · Cited by 2
The secretion of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with periodontitis and healthy controls when exposed to H 2 S
Basic, A., Serino, G., Leonhardt, Å., Dahlén, G., & Bylund, J. (2021) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2021.1957368 · Cited by 2
“Of the nine proteins measured, the ones triggered by H 2 S, that is, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, IL-12p40, and IL-12p70, are all considered to be part of a pro-inflammatory panel of inflammatory mediators [19].”
Interleukin‐19 is associated with severity and age‐related phenotype of atopic dermatitis in children
Dumycz, K., Kunkiel, K., Stelmaszczyk‐Emmel, A., Józefczuk, P., Adamiec, A., Kulus, M., & Feleszko, W. (2022) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/cea.14234 · Cited by 2
Mechanistic insight into the adjuvant effect of co-exposure to ultrafine carbon black and high humidity on allergic asthma
Deng, R., Li, J., Wu, H., & Wang, M. (2023) · Environmental Geochemistry and Health · doi:10.1007/s10653-023-01764-9 · Cited by 2
“TNF-α is capable of promoting the migration of inflammatory cells and stimulating T lymphocytes, which can potentially result in lung tissue damage (Akdis et al., 2016).”
Background
Cytokines as Potential Therapeutic Targets and their Role in the Diagnosis and Prediction of Cancers
Uchendu, I. K., Zhilenkova, A. V., Pirogova, Y. N., Basova, M., Bagmet, L. N., Kokhanovskaia, I. I., Tchawe, Y. S. N., Ikebunwa, O. A., & Sekacheva, M. I. (2023) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/0113816128268111231024054240 · Cited by 3
The Expression of Selected Cytokine Genes in the Livers of Young Castrated Bucks after Supplementation with a Mixture of Dry Curcuma longa and Rosmarinus officinalis Extracts
Urbańska, D. M., Pawlik, M. J., Korwin‐Kossakowska, A., Rutkowska, K., Kawecka-Grochocka, E., Czopowicz, M., Mickiewicz, M., Kaba, J., & Bagnicka, E. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13223489 · Cited by 2
“However, the functions of IL-12 and IL-18 differ according to cell type [43].”
Immunomodulatory macrophages and Treg in pulmonary hypertension
Olajuyin, A. M., Olajuyin, A. K., Zhang, X., & Hu, Q. (2023) · Comparative Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1007/s00580-023-03540-8 · Cited by 2
“IL-10 and TGF-β1 are upregulated as a result of prolonged contact of DCs and Treg cells (Akdis et al. 2016; Pullamsetti et al. 2011).”
Cynaropicrin attenuates inflammatory cytokines in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells and ovalbumin‐induced asthmatic mice
Chen, J., & Liu, X. (2024) · Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jbt.23836 · Cited by 2
Characterization and functional analysis of interleukin-6 and its receptor subunits (IL-6Rα and IL-6Rβ) in the yellow drum, Nibea alibiflora
Liu, J., Wenren, M., Zhou, X., Xu, D., Chi, C., Liu, H., & Liu, H. (2024) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2024.105305 · Cited by 2
Regulatory T Cell Phenotype Related to Cytokine Expression Patterns in Post‐COVID‐19 Pulmonary Fibrosis and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Gangi, S., Bergantini, L., Paggi, I., Spalletti, M., Cameli, P., Bargagli, E., & d’Alessandro, M. (2025) · Immunity Inflammation and Disease · doi:10.1002/iid3.70123 · Cited by 2
TroTNFα, a teleost tumour necrosis factor of golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus), enhances pathogen clearance and acts as an immune adjuvant
Zhang, P., Wu, Y., Chen, X., Wang, G., Li, P., Cao, Z., Du, H., Zhang, C., Du, X., Chen, G., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140128 · Cited by 2
Congeneric Rodents Differ in Immune Gene Expression: Implications for Host Competence for Tick‐Borne Pathogens
Assis, V. R., Cifarelli, G., Brehm, A. M., Orrock, J. L., & Martin, L. B. (2025) · Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology · doi:10.1002/jez.2908 · Cited by 2
MHC class I trafficking signal improves induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte using artificial antigen presenting cells
Sasaki, K., Murata, K., Minowa, T., Shijubou, N., Kobayashi, H., Nakatsugawa, M., Murai, A., Mizue, Y., Kubo, T., Kanaseki, T., et al. (2025) · Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2025.101946 · Cited by 2
“IL-2 promotes T cell proliferation, IL-15 sustains memory T cells, and IL-21 enhances effector functions of CTLs [20]. aAPCs are used for both specific and non-specific T cell activation [7].”
Self-citation
Cytokines in age-related eye diseases: pathogenesis and potential targets for innovative therapies
Zhang, T., & Liu, M. (2025) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-025-03926-1 · Cited by 2
Regulatory T cell memory: implications for malaria
Charles-Chess, N. A. E., & Kurup, S. P. (2025) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1093/jimmun/vkaf067 · Cited by 1
Erythema Multiforme Induced by Tramadol: An Allergy Assessment
Sánchez-González, M. J., Barbarroja-Escudero, J., Antolín‐Amérigo, D., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, M., Fernández, L. P., Medina, I., Bellón-Heredia, T., & Álvarez‐Mon, M. (2020) · Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.18176/jiaci.0495 · Cited by 2
Effect and Mechanism of Cotrimoxazole Against Talaromyces marneffei in vitro
Chen, J., Chen, R., Wei, W., Qin, F., Chen, X., He, J., Zhang, H., Wang, G., Shi, M., Qin, T., et al. (2022) · Mycopathologia · doi:10.1007/s11046-022-00673-2 · Cited by 5
ИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ АЛЛЕРГЕН-СПЕЦИФИЧЕСКОЙ ИММУНОТЕРАПИИ. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ.
Izmailovich, M. R., Газалиева, М. А., Glushkova, N., Dedova, O. Y., С.Т., М., & А.В., С. (2020) · Ġylym men densaulyķ saķtau. · doi:10.34689/sh.2020.22.2.004 · Cited by 2
Patching it together: epicutaneous vaccination with heat-labileEscherichia colitoxin against birch pollen allergy
Killingbeck, S. S., Ge, M. Q., & Haczku, A. (2016) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.13064 · Cited by 2
“Induction of allergen tolerance requires a decrease in IgE and increase in allergen-specific IgG levels (13).”
Background
Expression and purification of human IL-2 protein from Escherichia coli
Ramadan, H., Mohammed, E.-M., & Eman, S. Z. (2018) · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY · doi:10.5897/ajb2018.16430 · Cited by 2
“Such proteins are cytokines that are classified into different classes Il-1 to Il-38 (Akdis et al., 2016), in addition to IL39 (Wang et al., 2016).”
Background
COMMD8 changes expression during initial phase of wasp venom immunotherapy
Kempiński, K., Romantowski, J., Maciejewska, A., Pawłowski, R., Chełmińska, M., Jassem, E., & Niedoszytko, M. (2020) · The Journal of Gene Medicine · doi:10.1002/jgm.3243 · Cited by 2
“factor (TNF) alfa and IL-1B, which play important role in allergic inflammation and might affect the immunosuppressive effect of T and B regulatory cells.(44)”
Background
A World of Wonders: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-2 Families
Gajdács, M., García‐Perdomo, H. A., Sarshar, M., Scribano, D., Ambrosi, C., & Behzadi, P. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.98664 · Cited by 3
Effects of S-methylmethionine (vitamin U) on experimental nephrotic hyperlipidemia.
Seri, K., Amemiya, K., Sugimoto, H., & Kato, T. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 2
Elements of the Immune System and Concepts of Intraocular Inflammatory Disease Pathogenesis
Sen, H. N. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-48014-7.00001-4 · Cited by 2
The efficacy and safety of immunobiological therapy of atopic dermatitis in children
Анатольевна, Л. И., Glukhova, E. A., & Revyakina, V. A. (2022) · Russian Pediatric Journal · doi:10.46563/1560-9561-2022-25-1-46-51 · Cited by 2
Identification of TRP-Related Subtypes, Development of a Prognostic Model, and Characterization of Tumor Microenvironment Infiltration in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Sun, S., Wang, Y., Li, M., & Wu, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2022.861380 · Cited by 2

Authors: Akdis, M., Aab, A., Altunbulakli, C., Azkur, K., Costa, R. A., Crameri, R., Duan, S., Eiwegger, T., Eljaszewicz, A., Ferstl, R., Frei, R., Garbani, M., Globinska, A., Hess, L., Huitema, C., Kubo, T., Komlosi, Z., Konieczna, P., Kovacs, N., Kucuksezer, U. C., Meyer, N., Morita, H., Olzhausen, J., O'Mahony, L., Pezer, M., Prati, M., Rebane, A., Rhyner, C., Rinaldi, A., Sokolowska, M., Stanic, B., Sugita, K., Treis, A., van de Veen, W., Wanke, K., Wawrzyniak, M., Wawrzyniak, P., Wirz, O. F., Zakzuk, J. S., & Akdis, C. A.
Affiliations: University of Zurich (CH)
ORCID: Aab, Alar
Altunbulakli, Can
Costa, Rita A.
Eiwegger, Thomas
Eljaszewicz, Andrzej
Frei, Remo
Huitema, Carly
Kubo, Terufumi
Morita, Hideaki
Pezer, Marija
Rebane, Ana
Rhyner, Claudio
Rinaldi, Arturo
Sugita, Kazunari
Wawrzyniak, Marcin
Wawrzyniak, Paulina
Wirz, Oliver F.
Zakzuk, Josefina Sierra
Venue: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-10
Volume: 138
Issue: 4
Pages: 984-1010
ISSN: 0091-6749 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.033
OpenAlex: W2517700447
Cited by: 912
References: 222
Citations by year: 2026: 57 · 2025: 117 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 108 · 2022: 119 · 2021: 128 · 2020: 97 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 4
FWCI: 6.10
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 369 d)
Locations: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (acceptedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
Funders: Swiss National Science Foundation (310030_156823, 320030-159870)
Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE)
PREDICTA
European Commission's Seventh Framework programme (260895, 261357)
GlaxoSmithKline
European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN)
International Society for Applied Biological Sciences
Commission for Technology and Innovation
Novartis
MeDALL
Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Asthma and respiratory diseases
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
Keywords: interleukins, interferon, TGF-beta, TNF-α, cytokine receptors, cytokine signaling pathways, immune regulation, allergy, asthma, autoimmune disease, chronic infection, organ transplantation, carcinogenesis, gene-deficient mice, cytokine gene polymorphisms
MeSH terms: Animals, Humans, Immune System Diseases, Interferons, Interleukins, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Transforming Growth Factor beta, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Interleukins (from IL-1 to IL-38), interferons, transforming growth factor β, and TNF-α: Receptors, functions, and roles in diseases

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks