CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 186Psychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsTreatment of Major DepressionAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 72 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Patterns of early change and their relationship to outcome and follow-up among patients with major depressive disorders

Lutz, Wolfgang, Stulz, Niklaus, Köck, Katharina·2009·Journal of Affective Disorders
DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2009.01.019
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background While highlighting the efficacy of different treatments for major depressive disorders (MDD), findings of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program (TDCRP) often are interpreted as supporting the idea of treatment non-specificity for MDD. However, heterogeneity in treatment courses and outcomes might be undetected when focusing only on types of treatment in terms of sample means without taking into account early change in treatment.Method In this study, growth mixture models (GMM) were used in the completer sample of N=162 patients from the NIMH TDCRP to identify meaningful patterns of early change of depression severity that are shared by many individual patients.Results Results revealed three typical patterns of early change over the first 8 weeks of treatment irrespective of the type of treatment protocol provided: (a) moderate to severe depression with moderate early improvement, (b) moderate to severe depression with rapid early improvement, and (c) mild to moderate depression with moderate early improvement. In contrast to the type of treatment, these differential patterns of early response (together with overall pre-treatment symptom severity) predicted outcomes (i.e. depression severity) at treatment termination and over the 1.5-year follow-up period.Limitations Due to the small sample size and the controlled setting of this study the degree to which these results can be generalized to clinical practice has to be further investigated.Conclusions The findings provide further support for the assumption that early change is an important factor for the prediction of short- and long-term outcome in psychotherapy.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jad.2009.01.019

Cites

72 of 72 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 186

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Lutz, W., Stulz, N., & Köck, K.
Affiliations
  • Universität Trier (DE)
  • University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author
Lutz, Wolfgang
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-11
Volume
118
Issue
1-3
Pages
60-68
ISSN
0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jad.2009.01.019
OpenAlex
W2026334685
Cited by
186
References
70
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 10
FWCI
8.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Mental Health
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
major depressive disorder, early treatment response, treatment outcome prediction, follow-up outcomes, depression severity, growth mixture modeling, psychotherapy
MeSH terms
Adult, Ambulatory Care, Antidepressive Agents, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic, Combined Modality Therapy, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Imipramine, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Admission, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Psychotherapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review