Cited by 803Urban Green Space and HealthAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMindfulness and Compassion Interventions

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Interacting with nature improves cognition and affect for individuals with depression

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Berman, Marc G., Kross, Ethan, Krpan, Katherine M., Askren, Mary K., Burson, Aleah, Deldin, Patricia J., Kaplan, Stephen, Sherdell, Lindsey, Gotlib, Ian H., Jonides, John·2012·Journal of Affective Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2012.03.012PMC PMC3393816

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Abstract

Background This study aimed to explore whether walking in nature may be beneficial for individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Healthy adults demonstrate significant cognitive gains after nature walks, but it was unclear whether those same benefits would be achieved in a depressed sample as walking alone in nature might induce rumination, thereby worsening memory and mood.Methods Twenty individuals diagnosed with MDD participated in this study. At baseline, mood and short term memory span were assessed using the PANAS and the backwards digit span (BDS) task, respectively. Participants were then asked to think about an unresolved negative autobiographical event to prime rumination, prior to taking a 50-min walk in either a natural or urban setting. After the walk, mood and short-term memory span were reassessed. The following week, participants returned to the lab and repeated the entire procedure, but walked in the location not visited in the first session (i.e., a counterbalanced within-subjects design).Results Participants exhibited significant increases in memory span after the nature walk relative to the urban walk, p<.001, η(p)(2)=.53 (a large effect-size). Participants also showed increases in mood, but the mood effects did not correlate with the memory effects, suggesting separable mechanisms and replicating previous work.Limitations Sample size and participants' motivation.Conclusions These findings extend earlier work demonstrating the cognitive and affective benefits of interacting with nature to individuals with MDD. Therefore, interacting with nature may be useful clinically as a supplement to existing treatments for MDD.

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Authors: Berman, M. G., Kross, E., Krpan, K. M., Askren, M. K., Burson, A., Deldin, P. J., Kaplan, S., Sherdell, L., Gotlib, I. H., & Jonides, J.
Affiliations: Rotman Research Institute (CA)
University of Michigan (US)
Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author: Berman, Marc G.
ORCID: Berman, Marc G.
Kross, Ethan
Deldin, Patricia J.
Gotlib, Ian H.
Venue: Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-11
Volume: 140
Issue: 3
Pages: 300-305
ISSN: 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.03.012
PMC: PMC3393816
OpenAlex: W2153140199
Cited by: 799
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 41 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 82 · 2023: 68 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 97 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 15.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders: NIMH (MH60655)
Topics: Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Green Space and Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Keywords: major depressive disorder, nature exposure, rumination, short-term memory, mood, autobiographical memory, nature-based interventions
MeSH terms: Adult, Affect, Cities, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Environment, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Trees, Walking

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Interacting with nature improves cognition and affect for individuals with depression

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