Prevalence and course of anxiety disorders (and symptom levels) in men across the perinatal period: A systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Background Men's experiences of anxiety within the perinatal period can adversely impact themselves, their partner and infant. However, we know little about the prevalence and course of men's anxiety across the perinatal period. The current review is one of the first to systematically review the published literature.Methods Five databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, SCOPUS, and Web of Science) were searched to identify relevant papers published prior to April 2015. The literature search identified articles with data for expectant fathers (prenatal period) and/or fathers of an infant aged between 0 and 1 (postnatal period). The following data were extracted: (a) anxiety disorder prevalence (diagnostic clinical interviews), (b) 'high' anxiety symptom prevalence (above thresholds/cut-points on anxiety symptom scales) and (c) mean anxiety levels (anxiety symptom scales). Initially, 537 unique papers were identified. Subsequently, 43 papers met criteria for inclusion in the review.Results Prevalence rates for 'any' anxiety disorder (as defined by either diagnostic clinical interviews or above cut-points on symptom scales) ranged between 4.1% and 16.0% during the prenatal period and 2.4-18.0% during the postnatal period. The data reviewed suggest the course of anxiety across the perinatal period is fairly stable with potential decreases postpartum.Limitations Wide variation in study measurement and methodology makes synthesis of individual findings difficult. Anxiety is highly comorbid with depression, and thus measures of mixed anxiety/depression might better capture the overall burden of mental illness.Conclusions Anxiety disorders are common for men during the perinatal period. Both partners should be included in discussions and interventions focused on obstetric care and parent mental health during the perinatal period.
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Previous reviews suggest that anxiety levels may decrease from pregnancy to postpartum period, although many studies do not specify gestational timing at recruitment or child birth.
“Consistent with our findings, previous reviews suggest that anxiety levels may decrease from pregnancy to postpartum period, although many studies do not specify gestational timing at recruitment or child birth [24,50].”
From Fathers at risk: Effects of threatened and actual preterm birth on the course of paternal peripartum depression and anxiety (2026) · cites this paper as [50]
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Exploring the Transition to Fatherhood: Feasibility Study Using Social Media and Machine Learning
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Paternal Perinatal Depression: A Narrative Review
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Perinatal Mental Health: Father Inclusion At The Local, State, And National Levels
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- Authors
- Leach, L. S., Poyser, C., Cooklin, A. R., & Giallo, R.
- Affiliations
- Australian National University (AU)
- La Trobe University (AU)
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Leach, Liana S.
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 190
- Pages
- 675-686
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1769664438
- Cited by
- 259
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 1.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Own your potential (DEAKIN) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- The Movember Foundation (National Priority Driven Research Grant round 2011 (#LEAC11NPD)
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Early Career Fellowship (#1035803)
- Roberta Holmes Transition to Contemporary Parenthood Program, Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute Career Development Award and the Victorian Government's Operational Infrastructure Support Program
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Keywords
- anxiety disorders, fathers, perinatal anxiety, prenatal anxiety, postpartum anxiety, anxiety prevalence, paternal mental health, comorbid depression and anxiety, obstetric care
- MeSH terms
- Adjustment Disorders, Adult, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Fathers, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Paternal Behavior, Pregnancy, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Postpartum Period
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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