Cited by 769Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumMaternal and Perinatal Health InterventionsPosttraumatic Stress Disorder Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 122 of the 122 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in pregnancy and after birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Yildiz, Pelin Dikmen, Ayers, Susan, Phillips, Louise·2017·Journal of Affective Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.009

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Background Previous reviews have provided preliminary insights into risk factors and possible prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) postpartum with no attempt to examine prenatal PTSD. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PTSD during pregnancy and after birth, and the course of PTSD over this time.Methods PsychINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched using PTSD terms crossed with perinatal terms. Studies were included if they reported the prevalence of PTSD during pregnancy or after birth using a diagnostic measure.Results 59 studies (N =24267) met inclusion criteria: 35 studies of prenatal PTSD and 28 studies of postpartum PTSD (where 4 studies provided prevalence of PTSD in pregnancy and postpartum). In community samples the mean prevalence of prenatal PTSD was 3.3% (95%, CI 2.44-4.54). The majority of postpartum studies measured PTSD in relation to childbirth with a mean prevalence of 4.0% (95%, CI 2.77-5.71) in community samples. Women in high-risk groups were at more risk of PTSD with a mean prevalence of 18.95% (95%, CI 10.62-31.43) in pregnancy and 18.5% (95%, CI 10.6-30.38) after birth. Using clinical interviews was associated with lower prevalence rates in pregnancy and higher prevalence rates postpartum.Limitations Limitations include use of stringent diagnostic criteria, wide variability of PTSD rates, and inadequacy of studies on prenatal PTSD measured in three trimesters.Conclusions PTSD is prevalent during pregnancy and after birth and may increase postpartum if not identified and treated. Assessment and treatment in maternity services is recommended.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.009

Cites

122 of 122 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,842
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722
Lifetime Prevalence and Age-of-Onset Distributions of DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593 · Cited by 20,391
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Widiger, T. A. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10518-009 · Cited by 19,766
Untitled work
(1998) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · Cited by 19,139
Prevalence, Severity, and Comorbidity of 12-Month DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617 · Cited by 12,052
Introduction to Meta‐Analysis
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781119558378 · Cited by 9,799
The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5): Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation
Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22059 · Cited by 5,233
Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review of Prevalence and Incidence
Gavin, N. I., Gaynes, B. N., Lohr, K. N., Meltzer-Brody, S., Gartlehner, G., & Swinson, T. (2005) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000183597.31630.db · Cited by 3,282
The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale
Foa, E. B., Cashman, L., Jaycox, L., & Perry, K. (1997) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.9.4.445 · Cited by 2,709
Reliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing post-traumatic stress disorder
Foa, E. B., Riggs, D. S., Dancu, C. V., & Rothbaum, B. O. (1993) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490060405 · Cited by 2,537
The prevalence of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Pringsheim, T., Jette, N., Frolkis, A., & Steeves, T. D. L. (2014) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.25945 · Cited by 2,188
Prevalence of civilian trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in a representative national sample of women.
Resnick, H. S., Kilpatrick, D. G., Dansky, B. S., Saunders, B. E., & al, E. (1993) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.61.6.984 · Cited by 1,868
Prevalence of civilian trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in a representative national sample of women.
Resnick, H. S., Kilpatrick, D. G., Dansky, B. S., Saunders, B. E., & Best, C. L. (1993) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.61.6.984 · Cited by 1,868
The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM–5 (CAPS-5): Development and initial psychometric evaluation in military veterans.
Weathers, F. W., Bovin, M. J., Lee, D. J., Sloan, D. M., Schnurr, P. P., Kaloupek, D. G., Keane, T. M., & Marx, B. P. (2018) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000486 · Cited by 1,799
Meta-Analysis: Recent Developments in Quantitative Methods for Literature Reviews
Rosenthal, R., & DiMatteo, M. R. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.59 · Cited by 1,780
Introduction to Meta-Analysis
Jones, H. E. (2010) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01108.x · Cited by 1,447
Non-psychotic mental disorders in the perinatal period
Howard, L. M., Molyneaux, E., Dennis, C.-L., Rochat, T., Stein, A., & Milgrom, J. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61276-9 · Cited by 1,328
Further evaluation of the Dutch supervision system for suicides of mental health care users
(2013) · EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) · doi:10.1176/appi · Cited by 1,030
Psychometric aspects of the W-DEQ; a new questionnaire for the measurement of fear of childbirth.
Wijma, K., Wijma, B., & Zar, M. (1998) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.3109/01674829809048501 · Cited by 811
Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis
Grekin, R., & O’Hara, M. W. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.05.003 · Cited by 716
The aetiology of post-traumatic stress following childbirth: a meta-analysis and theoretical framework
Ayers, S., Bond, R., Bertullies, S., & Wijma, K. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715002706 · Cited by 685
Self-citation
Psychometric Validation of the English and French Versions of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)
Ashbaugh, A. R., Houle-Johnson, S., Herbert, C., El-Hage, W., & Brunet, A. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161645 · Cited by 625
A Screening Questionnaire for mother-infant bonding disorders
Brockington, I. F., Oates, J., George, S., Turner, D., Vostanis, P., Sullivan, M., Loh, C., & Murdoch, C. (2001) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s007370170010 · Cited by 600
Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM ( SCID )
First, M. B. (2015) · The Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/9781118625392.wbecp351 · Cited by 532
Reliability of DSM-III-R Anxiety Disorder Categories: Using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule—Revised (ADIS-R)
Di Nardo, P. A. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820160009001 · Cited by 498
Posttraumatic stress disorder after childbirth: A cross sectional study
Wijma, K., Söderquist, J., & Wijma, B. E. (1997) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(97)00041-8 · Cited by 418
Posttraumatic stress following childbirth: A review
Olde, E., van der Hart, O., Kleber, R. J., & van Son, M. J. M. (2005) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.002 · Cited by 407
Risk factors for developing post‐traumatic stress disorder following childbirth: a systematic review
Andersen, L. B., MELVAER, L. B., Videbech, P., Lamont, R., & Joergensen, J. S. (2012) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0412.2012.01476.x · Cited by 377
Anxiety symptoms and disorders at eight weeks postpartum
Wenzel, A., Haugen, E. N., Jackson, L. C., & Brendle, J. R. (2005) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.04.001 · Cited by 366 · cited 1×
“The remaining studies looked at postpartum PTSD related to any event (Grigoriadis et al., 2011;Tavares et al., 2012; Wenzel et al., 2005).”
A prospective longitudinal study of the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from childbirth events
Alcorn, K. L., O’Donovan, A., Patrick, J., Creedy, D. K., & Devilly, G. J. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709992224 · Cited by 344
The International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies new Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: methodology and development process
Bisson, J. I., Berliner, L., Cloitre, M., Forbes, D., Jensen, T. K., Lewis, C., Monson, C. M., Olff, M., Pilling, S., Riggs, D. S., et al. (2019) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22421 · Cited by 337
Pregnant women with posttraumatic stress disorder and risk of preterm birth
Yonkers, K. A., Smith, M. V., Forray, A., Epperson, C. N., Costello, D., Lin, H., & Belanger, K. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.558 · Cited by 331
Remission from post-traumatic stress disorder in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of long term outcome studies
Nexhmedin Morina, B., Wicherts, J. M., Lobbrecht, J., & Priebe, S. (2014) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2014.03.002 · Cited by 321
Risk factors in pregnancy for post‐traumatic stress and depression after childbirth
Söderquist, J., Wijma, B. E., Thorbert, G., & Wijma, K. (2009) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.02083.x · Cited by 317
Mother–infant bonding impairment across the first 6 months postpartum: the primacy of psychopathology in women with childhood abuse and neglect histories
Muzik, M., Bocknek, E. L., Broderick, A., Richardson, P., Rosenblum, K. L., Thelen, K., & Seng, J. S. (2013) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-012-0312-0 · Cited by 293 · cited 1×
“Furthermore, the mean prevalence of perinatal PTSD in high-risk samples might be influenced by the particularly high prevalence rates reported in a few studies (Ammerman et al., 2012; Horsch et al., 2015; Muzik et al., 2013).”
Characteristics of the Edinburgh post natal depression scale in The Netherlands
Pop, V. J., Komproe, I. H., & van Son, M. J. (1992) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(92)90041-4 · Cited by 286
Women with anxiety disorders during pregnancy are at increased risk of intense postnatal depressive symptoms: a prospective survey of the MATQUID cohort
Sutter‐Dallay, A., Giaconne-Marcesche, V., Glatigny-Dallay, É., & Verdoux, H. (2004) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.09.025 · Cited by 271
Maternal posttraumatic stress response after the birth of a very low-birth-weight infant
Kersting, A., Dorsch, M., Wesselmann, U., Lüdorff, K., Witthaut, J., Ohrmann, P., Hörnig-Franz, I., Klockenbusch, W., Harms, E., & Arolt, V. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.03.011 · Cited by 265
The importance of early bonding on the long-term mental health and resilience of children
Winston, R. M. L., & Chicot, R. (2016) · London Journal of Primary Care · doi:10.1080/17571472.2015.1133012 · Cited by 255
Depression and anxiety in perinatal period: prevalence and risk factors in an Italian sample
Giardinelli, L., Innocenti, A., Benni, L., Stefanini, M. C., Lino, G., Lunardi, C., Svelto, V., Afshar, S., Bovani, R., Castellini, G., et al. (2012) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-011-0249-8 · Cited by 253
Preventing traumatic childbirth experiences: 2192 women’s perceptions and views
Hollander, M. H., van Hastenberg, E., van Dillen, J., van Pampus, M. G., de Miranda, E., & Stramrood, C. A. I. (2017) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-017-0729-6 · Cited by 245
Maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms and infant emotional reactivity and emotion regulation
Enlow, M. B., Kitts, R. L., Blood, E., Bizarro, A. M., Hofmeister, M., & Wright, R. J. (2011) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2011.07.007 · Cited by 242
Adult attachment and the transition to parenthood.
Rholes, W. S., Simpson, J. A., Campbell, L., & Grich, J. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.3.421 · Cited by 234
Maternal Request for Cesarean Section due to Fear of Birth: Can It Be Changed Through Crisis‐Oriented Counseling?
Nerum, H., Halvorsen, L., Sørlie, T., & Øian, P. (2006) · Birth · doi:10.1111/j.1523-536x.2006.00107.x · Cited by 216
Childbirth‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder in couples: A qualitative study
Nicholls, K., & Ayers, S. (2007) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1348/135910706x120627 · Cited by 210
Childhood Abuse History, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Postpartum Mental Health, and Bonding: A Prospective Cohort Study
Seng, J. S., Sperlich, M. I., Low, L. K., Ronis, D. L., Muzik, M., & Liberzon, I. (2013) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/j.1542-2011.2012.00237.x · Cited by 205
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Pregnancy Complications
Seng, J. S., OAKLEY, D. J., SAMPSELLE, C. M., KILLION, C., GRAHAM-BERMANN, S., & Liberzon, I. (2001) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(00)01097-8 · Cited by 201
Three self-report questionnaires of the early mother-to-infant bond: reliability and validity of the Dutch version of the MPAS, PBQ and MIBS
van Bussel, J. C. H., Spitz, B., & Demyttenaere, K. (2010) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-009-0140-z · Cited by 199
Posttraumatic stress symptoms following childbirth and mothers' perceptions of their infants
Davies, J., Slade, P., Wright, I., & Stewart, P. (2008) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20197 · Cited by 187
Traumatic Stress after Childbirth: The Role of Obstetric Variables
Söderquist, J., Wijma, K., & Wijma, B. E. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.3109/01674820209093413 · Cited by 183
Depressive symptoms and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in women after childbirth
Zaers, S., Waschke, M., & Ehlert, U. (2008) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1080/01674820701804324 · Cited by 179
Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale
Blake, D. D., Weathers, F. W., Nagy, L. M., Kaloupek, D. G., Gusman, F. D., Charney, D. S., & Keane, T. M. (2011) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t00072-000 · Cited by 177
Posttraumatic stress reactions after emergency cesarean section
Ryding, E. L., Wijma, B. E., & Wijma, K. (1997) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/00016349709024365 · Cited by 170
Increased Risk for Postpartum Psychiatric Disorders Among Women with Past Pregnancy Loss
Giannandrea, S. A. M., Cerulli, C., Anson, E. A., & Chaudron, L. H. (2013) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2012.4011 · Cited by 164
Post‐traumatic stress disorder after childbirth in Nigerian women: prevalence and risk factors
Adewuya, A. O., Ologun, Y., & Ibigbami, O. (2006) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.00861.x · Cited by 160
PTSD following childbirth: A prospective study of incidence and risk factors in Canadian women
Verreault, N., Costa, D. D., Marchand, A., Ireland, K., Banack, H. R., Dritsa, M., & Khalifé, S. (2012) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.07.010 · Cited by 155
Development and Evaluation of the Dutch Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5)
Boeschoten, M. A., van der Aa, N., Bakker, A., ter Heide, F. J. J., Hoofwijk, M. C., Jongedijk, R. A., van Minnen, A., Elzinga, B. M., & Olff, M. (2018) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2018.1546085 · Cited by 155
Posttraumatic stress following childbirth in homelike- and hospital settings
Stramrood, C. A. I., Paarlberg, K. M., Veld, E. M. J. H. I. ’., Berger, L. W. A. R., Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M., Schultz, W. C. M. W., & van Pampus, M. G. (2011) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.3109/0167482x.2011.569801 · Cited by 148
The longitudinal course of post-traumatic stress after childbirth
Söderquist, J., Wijma, B. E., & Wijma, K. (2006) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1080/01674820600712172 · Cited by 147
Screening for and Detection of Depression, Panic Disorder, and PTSD in Public-Sector Obstetric Clinics
Smith, M. V., Rosenheck, R. A., Cavaleri, M. A., Howell, H. B., Poschman, K., & Yonkers, K. A. (2004) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.55.4.407 · Cited by 145
Support during birth interacts with prior trauma and birth intervention to predict postnatal post-traumatic stress symptoms
Ford, E. M., & Ayers, S. (2011) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2010.533770 · Cited by 136
Effects of posttraumatic stress disorder on pregnancy outcomes
Rogal, S. S., Poschman, K., Belanger, K. D., Howell, H. B., Smith, M. V., Medina, J., & Yonkers, K. A. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.01.003 · Cited by 136
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Pregnancy: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Treatment
Cook, C. A. L., Flick, L. H., Homan, S. M., Campbell, C. R., McSweeney, M., & Gallagher, M. E. (2004) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000119222.40241.fb · Cited by 133
Childbirth and criteria for traumatic events
Boorman, R. J., Devilly, G. J., Gamble, J., Creedy, D. K., & Fenwick, J. (2014) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2013.03.001 · Cited by 133
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Shaw, J. G., Asch, S. M., Kimerling, R. E., Frayne, S. M., Shaw, K. A., & Phibbs, C. S. (2014) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000000542 · Cited by 133
Relations between anxiety disorders and fear of childbirth during late pregnancy
Zar, M., Wijma, K., & Wijma, B. E. (2002) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.305 · Cited by 131
Validity of the Kessler 10 (K-10) in detecting DSM-IV defined mood and anxiety disorders among pregnant women
Spies, G., Stein, D. J., Roos, A., Faure, S., Mostert, J., Seedat, S., & Vythilingum, B. (2009) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-009-0050-0 · Cited by 127
Anxiety disorders among Nigerian women in late pregnancy: a controlled study
Adewuya, A. O., Ola, B. A., Aloba, O. O., & Mapayi, B. M. (2006) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-006-0157-5 · Cited by 123
Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and associated mental health symptoms among pregnant women in T anzania: a cross‐sectional study
Mahenge, B., Likindikoki, S. L., Stöckl, H., & Mbwambo, J. (2013) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12185 · Cited by 123
Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Community Sample of Low-Income Pregnant Women
Smith, M. V., Poschman, K., Cavaleri, M. A., Howell, H. B., & Yonkers, K. A. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.5.881 · Cited by 121
The impact of maternal experience of violence and common mental disorders on neonatal outcomes: a survey of adolescent mothers in Sao Paulo, Brazil
Ferri, C. P., Mitsuhiro, S. S., Barros, M. C. D. M., Chalem, E., Guinsburg, R., Patel, V., Prince, M. J., & Laranjeira, R. (2007) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-209 · Cited by 116
Traumatic stress in late pregnancy
Söderquist, J., Wijma, K., & Wijma, B. E. (2002) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(02)00242-6 · Cited by 109
Axis I Psychopathology and Functional Impairment at the Third Month of Pregnancy
Borri, C., Mauri, M., Oppo, A., Banti, S., Rambelli, C., Ramacciotti, D., & Montagnani, M. S. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v69n1012 · Cited by 102
Posttraumatic growth after childbirth: A prospective study
Sawyer, A., Ayers, S., Young, D. H., Bradley, R., & Smith, H. E. (2011) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2011.578745 · Cited by 102
Infant Developmental Outcomes: A Family Systems Perspective
Parfitt, Y., Pike, A., & Ayers, S. (2013) · Infant and Child Development · doi:10.1002/icd.1830 · Cited by 99
Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the first trimester of pregnancy and factors associated with current suicide risk
Farias, D. R., Pinto, T., Teofilo, M. M. A., Vilela, A. A. F., Vaz, J. D. S., Nardi, A. E., & Kac, G. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.08.053 · Cited by 96
Diagnostic Interview Schedule for DSM ‐ IV ( DIS ‐ IV )
Segal, D. L. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0273 · Cited by 84
Validation of the WHOQOL‐BREF among women following childbirth
Webster, J., NICHOLAS, C., Velacott, C., Cridland, N., & Fawcett, L. (2010) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1479-828x.2009.01131.x · Cited by 83
Risk factors for depression and anxiety among pregnant women in H ospital T uanku B ainun, I poh, M alaysia
Fadzil, A., Balakrishnan, K., Razali, R., Sidi, H., Malapan, T., Japaraj, R. P., Midin, M., Jaafar, N. R. N., Das, S., & Manaf, M. R. A. (2013) · Asia-Pacific Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/appy.12036 · Cited by 80
Comparison of two widely used PTSD‐screening instruments: Implications for public mental health planning
Ruggiero, K. J., Rheingold, A. A., Resnick, H. S., Kilpatrick, D. G., & Galea, S. (2006) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20141 · Cited by 80
Changes in PTSD symptomatology and mental health during pregnancy and postpartum
Onoye, J., Shafer, L. A., Goebert, D. A., Morland, L. A., Matsu, C. R., & Hamagami, F. (2013) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-013-0365-8 · Cited by 78
Prevalence of suicide risk and comorbidities in postpartum women in Pelotas
Tavares, D., Quevedo, L., Jansen, K., Souza, L., Pinheiro, R., & Silva, R. (2012) · Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1016/j.rbp.2011.12.001 · Cited by 77
Postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms: the uninvited birth companion.
Polachek, I. S., Harari, L. H., Baum, M., & Strous, R. D. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 75
POSTPARTUM BONDING DIFFICULTIES AND ADULT ATTACHMENT STYLES: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION AND CHILDBIRTH‐RELATED PTSD
Hairston, I. S., Handelzalts, J. E., Assis, C., & Kovo, M. (2018) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21695 · Cited by 75
Mood and anxiety disorders in a sample of Canadian perinatal women referred for psychiatric care
Grigoriadis, S., Meschino, D. D. C., Barrons, E., Bradley, L., Eady, A., Fishell, A., Mamisachvili, L., Cook, G. S., O’Keefe, M., Romans, S. E., et al. (2011) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-011-0223-5 · Cited by 73
Management of post traumatic stress disorder after childbirth: a review
Lapp, L. K., Agbokou, C., Peretti, C.-S., & Ferreri, F. (2010) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.3109/0167482x.2010.503330 · Cited by 70
Anxiety Disorders in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
Anniverno, R., Bramante, A., Mencacci, C., & Durbano, F. (2013) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/52786 · Cited by 69
Complex mental health sequelae of psychological trauma among women in prenatal care.
Seng, J. S., D'Andrea, W. M., & Ford, J. D. (2013) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/a0031467 · Cited by 69
PTSD in depressed mothers in home visitation.
Ammerman, R. T., Putnam, F. W., Chard, K. M., Stevens, J. H., & Ginkel, J. B. V. (2011) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/a0023062 · Cited by 68
Predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms following childbirth
Voßbeck-Elsebusch, A. N., Freisfeld, C., & Ehring, T. W. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-200 · Cited by 67
The EMDR Recent Birth Trauma Protocol: a pilot randomised clinical trial after traumatic childbirth
Chiorino, V., Cattaneo, M. C., Macchi, E. A., Salerno, R., Roveraro, S., Bertolucci, G. G., Mosca, F., Fumagalli, M., Cortinovis, I., Carletto, S., et al. (2019) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2019.1699088 · Cited by 66
Maintaining factors of posttraumatic stress symptoms following childbirth: A population-based, two-year follow-up study
Garthus‐Niegel, S., Ayers, S., von Soest, T., Torgersen, L., & Eberhard‐Gran, M. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.003 · Cited by 62
A simple model for prediction postpartum PTSD in high-risk pregnancies
Polachek, I. S., Dulitzky, M., Margolis-Dorfman, L., & Simchen, M. J. (2015) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-015-0582-4 · Cited by 61
PTSD after childbirth: A predictive ethological model for symptom development
Haagen, J. F. G., Moerbeek, M., Olde, E., van der Hart, O., & Kleber, R. J. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.049 · Cited by 60
Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in pregnant women with prior pregnancy complications
Forray, A., Mayes, L. C., Magriples, U., & Epperson, C. N. (2009) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767050902801686 · Cited by 60
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Post Partum
Schwab, W., Marth, C., & Bergant, A. (2012) · Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/s-0031-1280408 · Cited by 58
Is pregnancy associated with mood and anxiety disorders? A cross-sectional study
Uğuz, F., Gezginç, K., Kayhan, F., Sarı, S., & Büyüköz, D. (2009) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.11.002 · Cited by 57
PTSD treatment in times of COVID-19: A systematic review of the effects of online EMDR
Lenferink, L. I. M., Meyerbröker, K., & Boelen, P. A. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113438 · Cited by 56
Maternal coping, appraisals and adjustment following diagnosis of fetal anomaly
Horsch, A., Brooks, C., & Fletcher, H. K. (2013) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.4207 · Cited by 50
Giving Birth with Rape in One's Past: A Qualitative Study
Halvorsen, L., Nerum, H., Øian, P., & Sørlie, T. (2013) · Birth · doi:10.1111/birt.12054 · Cited by 50
Prenatal reflective functioning in primiparous women with a high-risk profile.
Smaling, H. J. A., Huijbregts, S. C. J., Suurland, J., Van Der Heijden, K. B., Van Goozen, S. H. M., & Swaab, H. (2015) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21506 · Cited by 48
Psychological trauma symptoms of operative birth
Gamble, J. A., & Creedy, D. K. (2005) · British Journal of Midwifery · doi:10.12968/bjom.2005.13.4.17981 · Cited by 42
A Quasi‐experimental Outcomes Analysis of a Psychoeducation Intervention for Pregnant Women with Abuse‐related Posttraumatic Stress
Rowe, H. J., Sperlich, M. I., Cameron, H., & Seng, J. S. (2014) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1111/1552-6909.12312 · Cited by 42
The prevalence of mental health morbidity and its associated factors among women attending a prenatal clinic in Tanzania
Mahenge, B., Stöckl, H., Likindikoki, S. L., Kaaya, S., & Mbwambo, J. (2015) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.04.032 · Cited by 39
Cognitive Predictors and Risk Factors of PTSD Following Stillbirth: A Short‐Term Longitudinal Study
Horsch, A., Jacobs, I., & McKenzie‐McHarg, K. (2015) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21997 · Cited by 37
The importance of the DSM-IV E and F criteria in self-report assessments of PTSD
Boals, A., & Hathaway, L. M. (2009) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.10.004 · Cited by 35
The Oxford Handbook of Perinatal Psychology
Greil, A. L., Schmidt, L., & Peterson, B. D. (2014) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778072.001.0001 · Cited by 35
The Efficacy of EMDR Early Interventions
Shapiro, E., & Maxfield, L. (2019) · Journal of EMDR Practice and Research · doi:10.1891/1933-3196.13.4.291 · Cited by 34
Exploring Dissociation and Oxytocin as Pathways Between Trauma Exposure and Trauma-Related Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Test-of-Concept Pilot
Seng, J. S., Miller, J. M., Sperlich, M. I., van de Ven, C. J. M., Brown, S. L., Carter, C. S., & Liberzon, I. (2013) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2012.694594 · Cited by 33
Do psychiatric disorders continue during pregnancy in women with hyperemesis gravidarum: a prospective study
Annagür, B. B., Tazegül, A., & Gündüz, Ş. (2013) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2013.05.008 · Cited by 30
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Women Receiving Prenatal Care at Three Federally Qualified Health Care Centers
Kim, H. G., Harrison, P. A., Godecker, A. L., & Muzyka, C. N. (2013) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-013-1333-7 · Cited by 30
Hyperarousal symptoms after traumatic and nontraumatic births
Ayers, S., Wright, D. B., & Ford, E. M. (2015) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2015.1004164 · Cited by 27
Bio-socio-demographic factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder in a sample of postpartum Brazilian women
Zambaldi, C. F., Cantilino, A., & Sougey, É. B. (2011) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-011-0224-4 · Cited by 26
The Association of Family Support After Childbirth With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Women With Preeclampsia
Soltani, N. S., Abedian, Z., Mokhber, N., & Esmaily, H. (2015) · Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal · doi:10.5812/ircmj.17865 · Cited by 21
Successful five-item triage for the broad spectrum of mental disorders in pregnancy – a validation study
Quispel, C., Schneider, T. A. J., Hoogendijk, W. J. G., Bonsel, G. J., & den Berg, M. P. L. (2015) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-015-0480-9 · Cited by 18
Obstetric care providers are able to assess psychosocial risks, identify and refer high-risk pregnant women: validation of a short assessment tool – the KINDEX Greek version
Spyridou, A., Schauer, M., & Ruf‐Leuschner, M. (2015) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-015-0462-y · Cited by 17
Posttraumatic Stress During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
Ayers, S., & Ford, E. (2014) · Oxford Handbooks Online · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778072.013.18 · Cited by 15
Obstetric care providers assessing psychosocial risk factors during pregnancy: validation of a short screening tool – the KINDEX Spanish Version
Spyridou, A., Schauer, M., & Ruf‐Leuschner, M. (2014) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-014-0030-7 · Cited by 15
Major Depression and PTSD in Pregnant Smokers Enrolled in Nicotine Gum Treatment Trial
Dornelas, E. A., Oncken, C. A., Greene, J., Sankey, H. Z., & Kranzler, H. R. (2013) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12029.x · Cited by 8
The Prevalence of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder after Childbirth Pre-Eclampsia and Related Factors
Abedian, Z., Soltani, N. S., Mokhber, N., & Esmaeily, H. (2013) · Cited by 6
Untitled work
Barbero (2014) · doi:10.1016/j · Cited by 1

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Busari, 2010, Prevalence of risk factors and posttraumatic stress disorder in low income pregnant women, Eur. J. Soc. Sci., 14, 480

Sorted by citations

Maternal posttraumatic stress disorder during the perinatal period and child outcomes: A systematic review
Cook, N., Ayers, S., & Horsch, A. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.045 · Cited by 481
Development of a Measure of Postpartum PTSD: The City Birth Trauma Scale
Ayers, S., Wright, D. B., & Thornton, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00409 · Cited by 336
Childbirth Induced Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Prevalence and Risk Factors
Dekel, S., Stuebe, C., & Dishy, G. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00560 · Cited by 283
Pregnancy as a period of risk, adaptation, and resilience for mothers and infants
Davis, E. P., & Narayan, A. J. (2020) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579420001121 · Cited by 297
“In lower-income samples, PTSD symptoms may be clinically elevated in as many as 18%–29% of pregnant women or more, particularly if women are high-risk due to childhood adversity and pregnancy complications (Narayan et al., 2017; Narayan, Atzl, et al., 2019; Yildiz, Ayers, & Phillips, 2017).”
A cross-national study of factors associated with women’s perinatal mental health and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic
Basu, A., Kim, H. H., Choi, K. W., Charron, L., Kelsall, N., Basaldua, R., Hernández–Dı́az, S., Wyszynski, D. F., & Koenen, K. C. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249780 · Cited by 278

See all 769

Authors: Yildiz, P. D., Ayers, S., & Phillips, L.
Affiliations: City, University of London (GB)
Corresponding author: Ayers, Susan
ORCID: Ayers, Susan
Venue: Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2017-01
Volume: 208
Pages: 634-645
ISSN: 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.009
OpenAlex: W2542924774
Cited by: 768
References: 99
Citations by year: 2026: 90 · 2025: 97 · 2024: 99 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 111 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 13
FWCI: 4.14
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Worcester Research and Publications (University of Worcester) (acceptedVersion)
City Research Online (City University London) (acceptedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, postpartum PTSD, pregnancy, childbirth, prevalence, high-risk groups, obstetric care
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Prevalence, Depression, Postpartum, Parturition, Delivery, Obstetric, Postpartum Period

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in pregnancy and after birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks