Inflammation as a unique marker of suicide ideation distinct from depression syndrome among U.S. adults
Open accessAbstract
Background Recent evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory states may be independently associated with the risk of suicidality, above and beyond depression. This study assesses whether four indicators of inflammation, circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC) count and immunoglobulin E (IgE), and dietary inflammatory potential, measured using the Dietary Inflammatory Index® (DII), distinguish suicidal ideation (SI) from major depression (MD).Methods Data come from multiple cycles of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N CRP&WBC = 13,912; N DII = 17,076; N IgE = 4,060). MD was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); SI was indicated by the last item of the PHQ-9. To assess SI independent from MD, participants were classified into four categories: SI with MD, SI without MD, MD without SI, and neither MD nor SI. Regression models were used to assess the relationship between indicators of inflammation and SI with and without MD.Results None of the inflammatory indicators were able to distinguish SI status among MD cases. DII was associated with SI among individuals without MD. CRP, DII, and WBC were associated with MD. No associations were found for IgE.Limitations Cross-section data prevent drawing causal conclusions. Underreporting of MD and suicidal ideation and measurement of habitual diet using 24 h dietary recalls are also weaknesses.Conclusion Dietary inflammatory potential was associated with suicide ideation among US adults with and without depression. Diet may play a role in suicide ideation and more empirical evidence is needed to determine whether nutritional protocols could aid in the treatment of suicidal behaviors. Findings did not support inflammatory factors having a relationship with suicide ideation distinct from depression.
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Inflammation is associated with an increased risk of suicidal behaviors above and beyond the risk associated with depression.
“Inflammation has been associated with an increased risk of SBs above and beyond the risk associated with depression [5].”
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- Authors
- Bergmans, R. S., Kelly, K. M., & Mezuk, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mezuk, Briana
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 245
- Pages
- 1052-1060
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6448785
- OpenAlex
- W2900276751
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 5.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Human Genomic Research Institute (T32-HG00040)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01-MH093642, T32-MH73553)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- suicidal ideation, major depressive disorder, inflammation, C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, immunoglobulin E, Dietary Inflammatory Index, dietary inflammatory potential, biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Patient Health Questionnaire, Adult, Aged, C-Reactive Protein, Depressive Disorder, Diet, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin E, Inflammation, Leukocyte Count, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, United States, Biomarkers, Young Adult, Suicidal Ideation
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