A probe in the connection between inflammation, cognition and suicide
Open accessAbstract
Background: Increased inflammation is linked to suicide risk. However, it is unclear whether increased inflammation drives suicidal crises or is a trait associated with lifetime suicidal behavior. Limited data exist on the sources of increased inflammation observed in suicidal patients and on its downstream effects. Aims: To examine factors associated with inflammation and with suicidal ideation severity in acutely suicidal depressed patients. Methods: Fifty-two adult depressed patients of both sexes hospitalized for severe suicidal ideation were characterized for suicidality, depression, anxiety, medical comorbidity, psychological and physical pain, impulsivity, verbal fluency, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL) 6. Two generalized linear models were performed with either CRP or suicidal ideation severity as dependent variables. Results: CRP levels were positively associated with age, body mass index (BMI), IL6, current physical pain and number of lifetime suicide attempts. Suicidal ideation severity was not significantly correlated with either CRP or IL6. Suicidal ideation severity was positively associated with female sex, presence of an anxiety disorder, current physical pain, number of lifetime suicide attempts and with delay discounting for medium and large losses. Conclusions: Increased inflammation is not associated with acute suicidal risk, but seems to represent a trait associated with lifetime suicidal behavior.
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Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers linked to suicide risk include elevated CRP, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, proinflammatory interleukins, cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1, and VEGF, and low levels of anti-inflammatory IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ in suicidal individuals.
“Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers linked to suicide risk include elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, proinflammatory interleukins (IL), cytokines that regulate the immune response (e.g., IL-1β and IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), tissue growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and low levels of the anti-inflammatory IL-2, IL-4,”
From A brain-centric model of suicidal behavior (2020) · cites this paper as [196]
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- Authors
- Cáceda, R., Griffin, W. S. T., & Delgado, P. L.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System (US)
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cáceda, Ricardo
- Venue
- Journal of Psychopharmacology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2018-03-19
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 482-488
- ISSN
- 0269-8811 (ISSN-L)
- 1461-7285
- PMC
- PMC9230995
- OpenAlex
- W2791661868
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 6.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG12411)
- Clinician Scientist Program of the University Arkansas for Medical Sciences (205-2017)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR000039)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (P30 GM110702)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- inflammation, suicide, suicidal ideation, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, depression, anxiety disorders, bodily pain, delay discounting, impulsivity, lifetime suicide attempts, cognitive function, verbal fluency
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Suicide, Attempted, Young Adult, Suicidal Ideation, Delay Discounting
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