Violence and Psychosocial Stress: A 10-Year Time Trend Analysis
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal trend of psychosocial stress and its association between exposure to violence in adolescents.Methods This is a cross-sectional study of temporal trends based on three school-based and statewide surveys with regular intervals of five years. The target population consisted of high school students from public schools. A total of 4,207 adolescents were evaluated in 2006, 6,264 in 2011, and 6,002 in 2016. The psychosocial stress indicator was the dependent study variable and was analyzed according to questions: a) Feeling of loneliness; b) Feeling of sadness; c) Difficulty sleeping due to worry; d) Number of close friends; e) Suicide ideation. Exposure variables were exposure to physical violence, involvement in fights and bullying. Logistic and linear regressions were used to verify the temporal trend of psychosocial stress, and to analyze the association between exposure of violence and psychosocial stress.Results Regardless of gender, the psychosocial stress score increasing trend between 2006 and 2016. The girls showed a variation in the feeling of loneliness from 18.7% to 22.8%, and suicide ideation increased from 10.4% to 14.2% between 2006 and 2016. All types of violence were associated with greater psychosocial stress for both boys and girls.Conclusion Adolescents had a higher prevalence of feelings of loneliness, difficulty sleeping due to worry and suicide ideation during the period from 2006 to 2016, regardless of gender. Exposure to violence is associated with psychosocial stress in both genders, however, the strongest associations occurred in girls.
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Research from Denmark indicated that stress disorders substantially increased the rate of suicide attempts, with significant associations observed for various types of stress disorders.
“Research from Denmark indicated that stress disorders substantially increased the rate of suicide attempts, with significant associations observed for various types of stress disorders [102,103,104,105,106].”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [104]
A cohort study of 214,649 men with prostate cancer found that those with preexisting PTSD had higher suicide rates.
“A cohort study of 214,649 men with prostate cancer found that those with preexisting PTSD had higher suicide rates, emphasizing the critical role of stress disorders in suicidal behavior.”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [104]
Data from over 16,000 adolescents revealed an increasing trend in psychosocial stress, loneliness, and suicide ideation from 2006 to 2016, with violence being a significant contributor to stress for both boys and girls.
“Data from over 16,000 adolescents revealed an increasing trend in psychosocial stress, loneliness, and suicide ideation from 2006 to 2016, with violence being a significant contributor to stress for both boys and girls.”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [104]
A study of 780 students showed a positive correlation between childhood trauma, stress, sleep disturbances, and suicidal behavior.
“A study of 780 students showed a positive correlation between childhood trauma, stress, sleep disturbances, and suicidal behavior.”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [104]
Dysregulated HPA axis activity, as measured by cortisol levels, is a significant risk factor for suicide.
“Dysregulated HPA axis activity, as measured by cortisol levels, is a significant risk factor for suicide.”
From Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and the efficacy of behavioral stress reduction programs (BSRPs) in managing diseases. (2024) · cites this paper as [104]
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- Authors
- dos Santos, A. T., Soares, F. C., Lima, R. A., dos Santos, S. J., Silva, C. R. D. M., Bezerra, J., & de Barros, M. V. G.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu (ES)
- Universidade de Pernambuco (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Soares, Fernanda Cunha
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-12
- Volume
- 295
- Pages
- 116-122
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3195147823
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4
- FWCI
- 1.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (432144/2016-1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Keywords
- psychosocial stress, bullying, physical violence, suicidal ideation, loneliness, sleep disorders, high school students, temporal trends, gender differences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Schools, Stress, Psychological, Violence, Bullying, Suicidal Ideation
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